Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Factors related to therapy adherence can influence the complexity of care for patients using anticoagulants. Objective: To identify the factors related to patient adherence to oral anticoagulant treatment in outpatient follow-up. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted at the oral anticoagulation outpatient clinic of a cardiology reference hospital in northern and northeastern Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical variables and an instrument measuring treatment adherence were employed. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and the Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact statistical tests. All the statistical tests applied a significance level of 5 %. Results: 202 patients were screened, 66.3 % of whom were classified as adherent. Patients with a clinical referral for valve replacement, a treatment time longer than five years, and an international normalized ratio (INR) value outside the therapeutic target showed greater adherence to treatment. In addition, having a sedentary lifestyle and the use of antiarrhythmic medication were significantly associated with adherence. Variables such as sex, income, occupation, level of education, and the presence of complications were not significantly associated with treatment adherence. Conclusion: This study’s findings highlight that adherence to treatment with anticoagulants hinges more on clinical factors and health behavior than on sociodemographic characteristics. Although traditionally studied, these are not necessarily reliable predictors of adherence. The essential factor seems to be more closely related to health education and medical and family support, which emphasizes the need for individualized support for these patients, with a focus on awareness and regular clinical follow-up.

Introduction: Understanding the world of pregnant women with high obstetric risk (HOBR), contemplating the reality they live in, allows for a profound understanding of the meanings they assign to their care. This contributes to establishing person-centered care. Objective: To understand the experiences of hospitalized HOBR pregnant women in a highly complex health institution regarding the care provided by nursing professionals in identifying their needs. Materials and Methods: A qualitative interpretative study was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in the HOBR unit of the Hospital Universitario del Valle, Colombia. On average, two in-depth interviews were conducted with each of the ten women in the sample of the ten pregnant women of sample, until the criterion of saturation of meanings was reached. The analysis and interpretation conceptualized the participants’ reality based on emergent topics from the narrated facts, identifying similarities and differences, which allowed the determination of categories under Benner’s philosophical concepts. Results: the research explained how care is delivered, based on Swanson’s theoretical framework. Four categories were identified: 1) The pregnant woman-nurse relationship: Care involved; 2) The meanings of their lived experiences; 3) Hospitalization as a circumstance that disrupts the pregnant woman’s connection with her loved ones, and 4) The experiences of pregnant women as a source of meaning to understand the institutional context. Conclusions: Addressing the expressed needs of pregnant women enables nursing professionals to advance in care practices informed by Swanson’s theory.

Introduction: The disabilities caused by leprosy, in addition to being stigmatizing, interfere in the emotional, social, and productive stability of the person affected. For this reason, it must be prevented during treatment and post-discharge, when support for self-care is essential. In this context, it is crucial to use educational technologies that encourage the understanding and incorporation of daily care. Objective: To highlight the contributions of educational technologies used to promote self-care in people affected by leprosy. Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review conducted in December 2022, in the SciELO, Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases as well as in the gray literature, in which the Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Capes), ProQuest, and OpenGrey were searched. The eligibility criteria consisted of primary studies with people aged 15 or over affected by leprosy; healthcare professionals who provided guidance on self-care to people affected by leprosy; the use of educational technologies to guide self-care; and the contributions of their use to the improvement of self-care. Results: In total, five studies were included; all the manuscripts presented interventions via oral communication; there was a significant improvement in adherence to self-care regarding the face, hands, and feet; in addition, there was a minimization of hospital admissions with increased levels of independence when performing activities of daily living. Conclusion: The educational technologies were significant, as there was an increase in the frequency of self-care practices and in adherence to leprosy treatment.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic scenario has changed people’s routines and lives. It is therefore necessary to understand how this event has changed health-related behaviors, especially in the family setting. Objective: To identify the repercussions of COVID-19 on family health-related behaviors. Materials and Methods: This is an integrative review study based on the Dhollande method and the Prisma Statement, which used the Lilacs, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, applying the descriptors ‘health-related behaviors,’ ‘family,’ ‘parents,’ and ‘COVID-19’ in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Primary studies in English, Portuguese, and Spanish that addressed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on family health-related behaviors were included. Duplicate articles, literature reviews, case reports, study protocols, and articles outside the time frame analyzed were excluded. The level of evidence pyramid was also used to assess the quality and impact of the selected studies. Results: A total of 17  articles were included, which revealed a reduction in physical activity, a higher intake of foods rich in fat and sugar, and an increase in sedentary time associated with increased screen time among parents and children. Vaccine hesitancy among parents and difficulty in accessing healthcare services were also evident. Conclusion: The promotion of measures conducted by primary healthcare professionals to encourage healthy habits and the adoption of preventive practices in family healthcare are necessary to better understand the effects of this event and thus be able to mitigate them.

Introduction: The care provided by young caregivers can be understood as a complex process due to its multidimensionality, such that its effects and meanings can transcend the mere attribution of caregiver. Objective: To understand how young caregivers perceive providing care to a family member who is dependent on care. Materials and Methods: this is an exploratory, qualitative study, guided by grounded theory and the theoretical framework of complex thinking. Data was collected from 15 young caregivers and seven family members between August 2022 and October 2023, in the homes of young individuals and family members who were providing care to a care-dependent family member who are Brazilian residents. Data analysis followed three stages, namely: open, axial, and selective coding. Results: The data analyzed enabled the formulation of three thematic categories, as follows: “When the need to provide care suddenly becomes a reality;” “Becoming a young caregiver: lived experiences;” “The daily life of a young caregiver: types of care, expectations, and perceptions.” It was found that becoming a young caregiver was not a planned event, but the result of an unexpected event or illness. It was noted that the care provided by young people interfered with their academic, social, and family life, generating physical and emotional burden. Conclusions: the way in which young caregivers attribute meaning to providing care to a care-dependent family member is wide-ranging and permeated with ambiguous feelings, since while they feel overwhelmed and ashamed of exercising this role and exposing it to other people, they report becoming more mature and increasing their technical, emotional, and social skills.

Introduction: Rural nursing as a working field is not yet well established, and there are no studies dedicated to elucidating its concept. In this regard, explaining this concept helps to unveil the field of rural nursing, as well as strengthen the construction of the rural nursing team’s identity and nursing as an academic subject, based on the advancement of knowledge. Objective: To analyze the “rural nursing” concept. Materials and Methods: This is a theoretical analysis study, based on Walker and Avant’s analytical model, with the aim of examining the structure and function of the concept. The study was based on a scoping review of official databases and other sources. Data collection indicators included the publication year of the studies included in the sample, the publication country, identification of the use of the concept, precedents, consequences, defining attributes, and empirical references of the concept. Results: The rural nursing concept contains 12 attributes, 30 precedents and consequences, and two empirical references, and is defined as nursing practice in rural areas, according to the definition adopted by each country, by qualified and specialized professionals, with diverse skills, who work understanding the needs of the rural population and its socio-cultural aspects, and providing holistic care for the population, which may become part of it. Conclusion: The correct application of the concept contributes to establishing the professional identity of rural nurses and strengthening nursing as a subject and science, based on the production and advancement of knowledge.

Introduction: The influence of sucking patterns during breastfeeding (BF) on craniofacial (CF) growth is beginning to be investigated. Therefore, a preliminary pilot study is needed to provide methodological validity to a primary study. Objective: To evaluate sucking patterns measurements and CF structures at two different points in time in newborns (NB) during breastfeeding. Methodology: Sixteen full-term newborns (FTNB), 37-40 weeks of gestation (WG), and birth weight ≥ 2500 g were observed. FTNBs with CF anomalies and neuromotor, or cardiorespiratory disorders were excluded. The research was approved by institutional ethics committees. An examiner assessed the sucking patterns using the Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) through the analysis of a video recording. Two general anthropometric variables and nine craniofacial variables were measured at two points in time (T1-T2) with an eight-day difference. Statistical Analysis: To identify differences between sucking patterns and CF dimensions, the variable di = Yi2-Yi1 was constructed, and a null Ho:u_d = 0 hypothesis was proposed. The Kappa Index measured the concordance of NOMAS characteristics. Results: The p-values of CF measurements were > 0.05, meaning, the null hypothesis was not rejected, except for the anteroposterior head length variable, p = 0.04. The Kappa Index = 0.82 showed concordance with NOMAS characteristics at T1/T2. Conclusion: It is the nursing and the interdisciplinary team’s responsibility to assess changes in the neonate’s sucking pattern to promote effective breastfeeding and ensure comprehensive newborn care.

Introduction: Blood transfusion is common, but transfusion reactions, often caused by human error, can be prevented. Nurse-led programs improve patient safety with safe nursing practices. This unprecedented study maps nursing care in blood transfusion, an underexplored theme in the literature. It aims to identify knowledge gaps and propose new approaches, contributing to nursing and other fields of healthcare, promoting safe care standards and interdisciplinary practices for excellence in transfusion care. Objective: To map the scientific production related to nursing care for adults undergoing blood transfusion in the light of patient safety. Materials and Methods: This is a scoping review based on the JBI methodology, covering seven databases, following the checklist of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Studies published from 2017 to 2024 were included; the descriptors ‘nursing care’ and ‘blood transfusion’ were used; 515 primary studies were initially included that covered nursing care for adult patients undergoing blood transfusion, in any language, with different methodological approaches. The review was registered on the Open Science Framework platform. Results: A total of 19 primary studies were selected. The most prevalent types of nursing care highlighted in this review are hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, checking and verifying medical prescriptions, double-checking during blood collection and administration, monitoring vital signs, and advising patients on the signs and symptoms of transfusion reactions. Conclusion: In the synthesis conducted, it is concluded the adoption of nursing care standards based on good practices is vital for effective patient safety and reduces the risks and complications associated with blood transfusion procedures.

Introduction: Obstetric violence has recently been recognized in Ecuador as a type of gender-based violence against women during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period, affecting mothers, their children, families, and society in general. This study was conducted to justify the importance of including the topic of obstetric violence prevention in the training of health professionals in Ecuador. Objective: To linguistically and culturally adapt and validate the Perception of Obstetric Violence in Health Science Students (PercOV-S) instrument. Materials and Method: Methodological study of the adaptation of the instrument created in Spain, developed with the stages of linguistic review by the linguist, content review by eight key informants/experts and two students, and psychometric validation of data collected from 269 students. Results: After the changes, the original instrument retained the same number of items as the PercOV-S instrument, with 20 items of sociodemographic data and 33 items on the perception of obstetric violence, named PercOV-S-A. To validate the pilot test data, confirmatory factor analysis was performed, which explained 52.6% of the variance in three factors or domains: 1) Insensitive and cruel treatment; 2) Normalized violence; and 3) Neglect and manipulation. All factor loadings were greater than 0.42, except for two items. The internal reliability of the questionnaire, by domain, was greater than or equal to 95%. The overall score (3.42) on the PercOV-S-A scale, as well as the scores for the domains (3.53), (2.77), and (3.36), indicated a high perception of obstetric violence. Conclusions: The PercOV-S-A instrument is fully functional for its purpose, after being adapted and validated for the Ecuadorian context.

Introduction: Patient navigation by nurses requires clinical experience, communication skills, and knowledge of healthcare systems. In oncology, expertise is needed to identify and address the range of biopsychosocial issues that patients may face throughout their treatment. Objective: To research the scientific evidence available on nurse navigation for patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: This is a six-stage integrative review. The inclusion criteria consisted of primary studies in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, and the use of the Escala de Evaluación de Artículos con Metodologías Heterogéneas para Revisiones Integrativas (Heterogeneous Methodology Article Rating Scale for Integrative Reviews) with the searches conducted in the second half of 2023, using the Rayyan software to organize and validate the instrument for data collection. Descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were used and the databases searched were BDEnf, Lilacs, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, as well as the SciELO repository of scientific works. Results: A total of 13 articles were obtained. Regarding the level of evidence, 6 (46.2 %) were Level VI, 4 (30.8 %) were Level II, and 3 (23.1 %) were Level IV. The following three categories emerged: Effectiveness of care processes (management and continuity of care); Advanced practices in the navigation of patients with head and neck cancers (HNCs) by nurses; and Result evaluation of the navigation of patients with HNCs by nurses. Conclusion: The navigation of patients with HNCs by nurses addresses the coordination and continuity of care, with a focus on health education, support for self-care practices, quality care, and follow-up without hurdles for the patient, family, and caregivers.