Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

From the review of the experience, “Memories in dialogue: A collective conversation for the construction of peace in Medellín”, it delves on how to understand the notion of historical memory, field of relatively recent development in Colombia and has taken relevance from the need to consolidate the approach of the report on the armed conflict that has affected the country for more than 60 years. Here we propose a notion of memory diverse, the product of a collective construction and territorial, with a clear political purpose that contributes to the communities to process the painful events and catastrophic that they have gone through. This proposal, far from bounded to the colombian case, it is proposed to rebuild from the boarding community a unique way to understand a field in tension as is the field of Memory.

The present study aimed to establish the prevalence of orthopedic injuries and main clinical-epidemiological findings in equids referred to the Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Universidade de Brasília (HVET-UNB), during a 2-year period (March 2016 to February 2018). All equids records during the 2-year period were reviewed to select the orthopedic injury cases. Animal records were divided into two groups: traction animals and those participating in other equestrian activities. Definitive diagnosis, reached by means of physical evaluation and ancillary diagnostic (radiography and ultrasonography) methods, showed that 34% (156 cases) of the referred 438 equids, presented some sort of orthopedic disorders in the two-year period. Of these cases, 151 (96.8%) were horses, four (2.6%) mules, and one (0.6%) donkey. Ninety (58%) were traction horses and 66 (42%) participated in other equestrian activities, while 45.5% (71/156) were females and 54.5% (85/156), males. Forelimbs were the most affected (51.9% - 81/156), followed by hind limbs (41.1% - 64/156) and vertebral column disorders (7% - 11/156). Furthermore, 75% (117/156) presented some degree of lameness while 25% (39/156) had no pain or gait alterations. The three major orthopedic injuries were bone disorders (40.4% - 63/156), tendinopathies (25.6% - 40/156) and arthropathies (13.5% - 21/156) while the digital (9% - 14/156), muscle (6.4% - 10/156) and ligament (5.1% - 8/156) injuries were observed less frequently. Total mortality rate reached 32.7% (51/156), and fractures represented the major orthopedic disease leading to euthanasia (80.4% - 41/51). The high number of traction equids attended (90 animals - 58%) indicates the still frequent use of these animals in large urban centers. The high mortality rate in this category (50% - 45/90), representing 90.1% (45/51) of all deaths, reveals the need for developing public policies prohibiting horses from circulating in urban areas while also improving their welfare in the rural area. We reiterate the importance of retrospective studies for identifying risk factors, proposing management changes and creating policies to avoid animal suffering and financial losses.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system through sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations, which act in an associated way in the regulation of homeostasis. This regulation exercised by the ANS is determined by numerous factors including breathing, stress, temperature, blood pressure and physical activity. Cardiac nerve regulation is influenced by obesity, but the autonomic response present in this disorder has not yet been elucidated. It is known that a 10% increase in body fat is able to lead to a decrease in parasympathetic action and an increase in heart rate. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) allows the evaluation of autonomic heart modulation through the ventricular depolarization intervals to the electrocardiogram (ECG), and provides information on the relationship and contribution of the ANS to the neural influence of heart rate control. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the HRV by means of an electrocardiographic examination in obese dogs with Body Condition Score (BCS) 8/9 and 9/9, comparing with HRV of the same animals, after therapy with therapeutic ration in the period of 6 months, as well as the comparison with control group with lean animals. With the results obtained in the present study, it can be inferred that probably the imbalance in the autonomic activity due to obesity in dogs is not the same as in humans and that a greater understanding of this regulation in these animals is necessary, especially considering their vagotonia. The diet program based on low-calorie ration reached approximately 10% and 20% of weight reduction after two and six months, respectively. Obesity raises HRV by increasing parasympathetic activity in the autonomic regulation of the heart in dogs.

Non-human primates are routinely studied and managed in zoos, conservation breeding centers, and research centers, but there is currently limited information regarding diseases that can affect these animals. Dilated cardiomyopathy is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in small animal clinical practice. However, there are few reports of this condition occurring in non-human primates. Here, in a spider monkey (Ateles chamek) housed in the Rio de Janeiro Zoo, we report the occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy, its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis through clinical examination, and the use of complementary exams (radiographic, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic), as well as the protocol, used in the treatment. In this case, it is assumed that the occurrence of the disease was related to the peripartum period due to the hormonal and metabolic changes that occurred, and the physiological interactions of gestation and puerperium

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium, belonging to commensal microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. Some strains have virulence factors, which may cause enteritis and / or septicemia. In the septicemic form of the disease, the main predisposing factor is not ingestion or ingestion of insufficient amounts of colostrum. The objective of this study is to report a case of neonatal colissepticemia in a five-day-old canine. At necropsy of the corpse, congestion was observed in organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities, and multifocal whitish areas with coalescents in the kidneys and lungs. Histopathological examination of the kidney, liver, lung and heart showed multifocal areas of necrosis with presence of myriad intralesional bacteria. In the organ samples sent to the microbiological diagnosis there was growth of E. coli. The clinical history, as well as the histopathological and microbiological findings allow us to infer that the cause of death was due to a sepsis caused by E. coli.

Trypanosoma rhipicephalis Marotta et al. (2018) is a species isolated from Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from native bovine Seropédica, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. with T. rhipicephalis by in vitro artificial feeding. Eight females of R. sanguineus s. l. partially fed on rabbits. Tick infection was performed by an artificial feeding system using plastic tips for 12 hours. Canine blood used for feeding the ticks test group was previously infected with T. rhipicephalis 108/mL. The hemolymph smear test was performed in all females after experimental infection. The daily posture was collected and organized in pools of each female per posture day. The eggs were divided into three groups, the first group for eggs PCR, the second for hatching and larval PCR, and the third group of eggs for isolation in cell culture. The evaluation of the presence of DNA in the macerated eggs of experimentally infected ticks showed two positive PCR samples. The evaluation of the presence of DNA in experimentally infected females showed all samples tested positive. For the hemolymph test, tick number 7 presented epimastigote developmental forms and amastigotes of T. rhipicephalis. Experimental infection by artificial feeding proved to be a suitable tool to study the interaction of T. rhipicephalis in R. sanguineus s. l. ticks. The results show the transovarial transmission of T. rhipicephalis by R. sanguineus s. l., as well as the interaction of the protozoan in the organism of this tick species.

Rotaviruses are the major agents of neonatal diarrhea in cattle worldwide, leading to significant economic losses. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of rotavirus infection in 48 herds of dairy and beef cattle, from 21 municipalities in the Northern region of the São Paulo State, between 2006 and 2010. Thus, 803 fecal samples of calves, aging from one to 90 days, were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which indicated positive animals in 33.3% (16/48) of the herds and 6.1% (49/803) of the samples. Of the 326 samples from calves with diarrhea, 12.6% (41/326) were positive, while 1.7% (8/477) was positive on PAGE of the 477 samples from animals without clinical signs. The results showed that there is a statistically significant association between the presence of diarrhea and rotavirus infection. In the 35 dairy herds studied, 34.3% (12/35) were positive for rotavirus, corresponding to 3.3% (23/689) of positive samples. Among the diarrheic samples, 5.6% (15/269) were positive, while 1.9% (8/420) was positive in non-diarrheic samples. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between rotavirus detection and the presence of diarrhea in dairy herds; however, there was no statistical difference related to the age of the calves and the rotavirus infection. Of the 13 beef herds sampled, 30.8% (4/13) presented positive animals, corresponding to 22.8% (26/114) of the samples, all of them diarrheic (26/57), which resulted in undefined statistical association. However, the frequency of positives was higher in calves aging one to 30 days (p <0.05). According to the migration of the rotavirus genome in the PAGE, it was possible to identify seven distinct electrophoretic profiles, characteristic of group A rotavirus, showing differences among the field strains. Therefore, the presence of rotavirus infection in the studied regions emphasizes the importance of control measures and prevention, since the agent is in constantly evolution in cattle herds.  

Trypanosoma vivax is the most pathogenic ruminant’s hemoparasite, causing huge economic losses to the producer when prevalent in the herd. This study aims to characterize the trypanosomiasis in naturally infected cattle in order to assess the clinical findings, epidemiological risk factors and diagnosis of this disease in outbreaks occurred in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, northeastern Brazil.  For this purpose, historical and clinical examinations, blood collection and clinical monitoring were performed in 109 animals presenting illness for a period of one year. The main clinical findings were fever, apathy, anorexia, diarrhea, progressive weight loss, lymphadenopathy, pale mucous, incoordination, aggressiveness, abortion, decrease in milk production and high mortality. Out of 109 animals, 94% (103/109) were seropositive to Trypanosoma vivax by ELISA, 92% (100/109) were seropositive for IFAT, 15% (17/109) were positive in conventional PCR assay based on cathepsine L gene, and 9% (10/109) were showed the presence of Trypanosoma vivax trypomastigotes in stained-blood smears. In 13 samples, blood counts revealed that 69.23% (9/13) showed normocytic normochromic anemia and 53.84% (7/13) had leukocytosis, in 46.15% (6/13) neutrophilia and shift left regenerative. In 72 samples also examined whether it hematocrit, plasma protein and fibrinogen. Hematocrit presented average 22% (10% to 37%) to plasma protein had a mean value of 7.55 g/dl (5.4 g/dl to 10.0 g/dl) and plasma fibrinogen had a mean value 700mg/dl (200mg/dl to 1600mg/dl). The sequencing of DNA samples revealed 100% identicalness to T. vivax by BLAST analysis. The main factors involved in the spread of the disease were: the ingress of animals without prior tests and quarantine in the properties, application of oxytocin with sharing needles contaminated by blood at the time of lactation and the restriction of the disease in the lactation herd. The transmission of T. vivax occurred with the sharing of needles among animal’s lactation during application of oxytocin after the entry of carrier animals in the herd. Serological tests demonstrated a high rate of seropositive animals, however, conventional PCR and blood smear revealed a low rate positive animal’s because the animals were already being treated with trypanocide drugs. It is concluded that trypanosomiasis is a disease to be considered in the cattle regions studied as the cause of outbreaks. Hygienic and security actions must be taken during the administration of oxytocin in lactating cows. In fact, this practice, when carried incorrectly and without hygienic criterions and sharing needles, may play a role as the main risk factor in the transmission of trypanosomiasis in dairy herds among regions where the disease is prevalent, increasing the challenge of reinfection of animals.

Visceral Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania chagasi, is a re-emergent anthropozoonosis, considered a major public health problem. In the urban area, the dog (Canis familiaris) is the main source of infection and canine enzootia has preceded the occurrence of human cases, in which infection in dogs has been more prevalent than in humans. In this context, the present study reports the occurrence of an autochthonous case of Visceral Canine Leishmaniasis in Barra do Piraí, RJ. After verification of a clinic compatible with canine visceral leishmaniasis, several diagnostic exams were performed, such as cytological examination of the ear tip and lymph node puncture, rapid immunochromatographic test DPP® (Dual Path Platform), ELISA, RIFI and culture of material obtained from of skin biopsy, lymph node and bone marrow puncture. With the clinical, serological and parasitological confirmation of Leishmania spp. the dog’s owner chose to euthanize this animal and 3 months later, another positive animal residing in the same place. Based on this report, it is necessary to implement the entomological and epidemiological surveillance in the county of Barra do Piraí, in order to detect the presence of the vector and / or canine enzootia prior to the installation of the anthropozoonotic cycle, allowing to adopt actions to control the disease and the occurrence of the disease in humans.

Cardiac neoplasms are uncommon, but secondary or metastatic neoplasms are relatively frequent, with an incidence 60 times higher than the primary ones. A particularly high frequency of metastatic cardiac involvement has been observed in lung squamous cell carcinomas, urinary tract tumors, and melanomas. However, the incidence is low because of breast tumors in dogs. Cardiac tumors may be symptomatic or, more commonly, an incidental finding observed during the investigation of unrelated problems. The clinical presentation is associated with that of a disseminated neoplasm, and cardiac metastases are generally asymptomatic but should be considered in patients with a history of neoplasia who present with impaired conduction, breathlessness, cardiomegaly, or arrhythmias. The present report aimed to describe a clinical case of cardiac metastasis of breast neoplasia in a dog in which we focusedon conservative clinical treatment and the importance of investigating the incidental clinical findings.