Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Maize is one of the crops that consumes the most nitrogen fertilization in the mineral form, being depredated by soybeans because there is no efficient and greener way to provide the nutrient. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of corn as a function of the application of Azospirillum brasiliense and nitrogen fertilizer doses. The experiment was carried out in a typical clayey Latosol, in a randomized block design with eight replications using the 2×5+2 factorial scheme, two forms of application of the inoculant (one in sowing groove and the other in seed treatment), five (0.0, 17.5, 35, 52.5 and 70 kg ha-1) using as urea source and two additional treatments (without the use of A. brasiliense with doses of 0.0 and 70 kg ha-1 of nitrogen in coverage, respectively). During flowering it was evaluated: duration of the vegetative cycle, chlorophyll content, plant dry matter, plant height and nitrogen content. During the maturation period it was evaluated: production components, productivity and cost benefit ratio. The use of A. brasiliense provides different responses to maize crop, depending on the way of use and dose of N. This practice does not completely replace the use of nitrogen fertilizer in cover, however, the application of A. brasilense in the sowing furrow shows higher productivity and better cost benefit relation when compared to inoculation in the seeds.

Recent researches, with the aid of technology, have shown satisfactory results aiming at the proper management of agricultural crops. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the spectral and temporal relationships of the MODIS sensor normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) with grain yield, relief, texture and soil organic matter (SOM), during the soybean phenological cycle in Campo Verde (MT), in the 2012/2013 harvest. The EVI/NDVI of the MODIS orbital sensor products (MOD13Q1 and MYD13Q1) and the Savitzky-Golay (SG) filtering for noise correction (anomalous values) present in time series of these IVs were used. Pearson’s (r) (p ≤ 0,05) correlation was used, between the aforementioned variables with the application of SG filtering in the time series of the indices during the phenological cycle of the crop. The best phenological stages were identified to generate predictive models on soil attributes variability and productivity prediction. The coefficients of determination (R²) of EVI in the R1 stage with SOM, clay, silt and sand were, R² = 0.77; 0.75; 0.74; 0.75, respectively. With NDVI in the phenological stage R2 it was obtained R²= 0.44, with the productivity. The EVI at R1, R2 and R3 stages (beginning of the reproductive cycle) generated the best soil attributes prediction models, while the NDVI at the R2 stage resulted in the best productivity prediction. Overall, the SG filtering was a necessary tool to study, because the noise correction in the time series generated better predictive models.

Molecular markers are tools that allow the monitoring of a breeding program progress. SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers are applied for genetic mapping studies, variability, assisted selection, crossing and backcrossing, because they are codominant, multiallelic and high polymorphic. However, the use of this type of molecular marker is limited, since primers are only available for commercially expressed species. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the transferability designed primers of Passiflora alata e Passiflora edulis to four wild species of Passiflora. The species used were: P. cincinnata, P. quadrangularis, P. mucronata and P. nitida. DNA extraction was done through the Promega Wizard® Kit. The amplification protocol used was the one proposed for P. alata and P. edulis with adaptations. Nineteen microsatellites designed for P. edulis and two designed for a genus P. alata were used. The amplicons were taken to horizontal electrophoresis in a 3% agarose gel, followed by staining with Nancy 520 buffer and the revelation was developed in a digital photodocumentator with UV light. The transferability was verified through the evaluation of band presence or absence. The microsatellites loci designed for P. edulis and P. alata were transferable for the examination of at least one species with high variable rate: P. quadrangularis (23.81%), P. cincinnata (33.33%), P. quadrangularis (23.81%), P. mucronata (19.05%) and P. nitida (14.28%). Markers PE13 and PE54 can be selected for molecular characterization studies because they are the only ones able to amplify all the wild passion fruit species tested.

Biological silage additives can assist in making silages by promoting a rapid reduction in silage pH and preventing aerobic deterioration. The current Lactobacillus buchneri on the market produces acetic acid slowly and identifying strains that would improve aerobic stability earlier in the ensiling process would be helpful. This study aimed to investigate the changes in microbial population, dry matter (DM) recovery and fermentation profile of maize silage with or without inoculation with L. buchneri after 45 days of ensiling. The wild L. buchneri strains were isolated from tropical maize silage in a previous study. Four strains of L. buchneri (56.22, 56.27, 56.28 and 56.29) were used as inoculants. Data from the silo openings were analyzed as a completely randomized design, with four replicates per treatment (inoculants). Selected strains did not affect the DM content, yeast and mould population, DM recovery, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), lactic acid and butyric acid of maize silage after 45 days of ensiling (p > 0.05). The pH, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population and concentrations of acetic and propionic acids and ethanol were affected by inoculants (p < 0.05). The strains 56.22, 56.27 and 56.28 showed lower pH than the untreated control silage, but lower acetic acid concentration.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fluctuation and population density of different families of insects by means of attractive food based on oleoresins and sugars in an area under soybean-oat succession. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Cruz Alta, RS, according to Koppen type Cfa. During the months of March to September, 9 traps were installed with the alimentary attraction around an area of 10.5 hectares, the samplings in the traps were realized every two weeks, being the number of insects belonging to each family accounted for and used for data analysis. The families identified were Curculionidae, Scarabaeidae, Coccinellidae, Noctuidae, Apidae, Chrysomelidae, Syrphidae, Tenebrionidae, Chrysopidae and Pentatomidae. Among the most populous are: Curculionidae, Scarabaeidae and Noctuidae. The Bootstrap estimators (10.75), Jackknife 1 (10.07) and Chao 2 (9.44) indicated proximity between the number of families observed (10) and estimated only for the Jackknife 2 estimator (13.95), there were more families. The soybean-oat succession provides a population increase of herbivores to the detriment of natural enemies. Food-attractive traps based on oleoresins and sugars serve to monitor local entomofauna in areas of soybeans and oats in succession.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a technology that has been applied to evaluate the quality of forage for ruminants. This paper describes how the NIRS technique has been applied to the evaluation of fresh, dried and ground forage with, for example, laboratory bench equipment, portable equipment, and the use in drones and tractors. The technology has been widely implemented in the evaluation of chemical composition (dry matter, crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fiber, lignin, and ether extract), digestibility, gas production, intake and other parameters of forage quality with the benefits of not destroying samples, not using reagents and providing rapid analyses, among others.

World banana production in 2017 was of 1136.92 million tons, and Brazil was the fourth largest producer in the world with 6.67 million tons. The objective of this work was to study the agronomic performance of five bananas cultivars under edaphoclimatic conditions in the region of Ceres, Goiás (GO). The seedlings used were from in vitro propagation transplanted to plastic bags and placed in a screened coop for a period of 90days. After that, they were transplanted to the field at spacing of 3 m between rows and 2.5 m between plants. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five repetitions. The treatments were five bananas cultivars: BRS Conquista, Grand Naine, Maçã Tropical, PA 94 01, and Prata-Anã. Each plot consisted of four banana families. The evaluated characteristics were: number of fruits per hand, number of fruits per bunch, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit mass, set mass, number of bunch, hand mass, bunch mass, productivity per cycle and total productivity. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5%. Prata-Anã provided the smallest number of fruits per hand. Grand Naine cultivar was superior to the cultivation in the region due to its productivity. The other obtained similar productive performance among themselves and inferior to Grand Naine. All banana cultivars have production potential for Ceres-GO.

In the last ten years cassava roots represented the fourth most produced commodity in Brazil. Given its commercial importance, higher yields are constantly sought in breeding programs. This study was aimed at conducting a biometric analysis of cassava clones based on the estimation/prediction of genetic parameters and correlated genetic gain using mixed models and path analysis, respectively. Forty-eight clones were evaluated in a randomized block design with two replicates. The experiment was carried out in northern Minas Gerais in 2010. The agronomic characteristics evaluated were plant height (PH), fresh weight of aerial parts (FWAP), fresh root weight (FRW), fresh weight of commercial roots (FWCR), root length (RL), and root diameter (RD). These traits were evaluated at six and twelve months after planting. All traits examined were significantly affected by genotype. FWAP, RL and RD changed according the time of harvesting and RL was superior at six months. Accuracy was highest for PH (0.90) and lowest for FRW and FWCR (0.64). UFLA 42 was the most commercially productive. The trait RL exhibited the highest gain via correlated response to FWCR at twelve months after planting. At six months after planting, no traits were suitable for indirect selection. The traits PH and FWAP had little relevance as secondary components in path analysis.

For cilantro, the adjustment of sowing density is important for obtaining higher productivity. This study aimed to recommend the most effective sowing density to improve productivity and economic profitability of cilantro. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five treatments (2; 4; 6; 8; 10 g m-1 linear furrow) and four replications. The number of leaves and plants (NF and NP), root and shoot length (RL and SL), fresh and dry root and shoot mass (RFM, SFM, RDM and SDM), productivity and economic cost were evaluated. As the seeding density increased, there was a linear increase for SL, NP, RFM and RDM. For CR and NF, there was a decreasing linear behavior. The productivity, SFM and SDM were adjusted to a quadratic function, with a maximum density of 5.4 g m-1 and yield of 9.6 t ha-1. The sowing density of 5.4 g m-1 is the one that makes it possible to obtain the best results of productivity and economic viability for the production of cilantro.

The demand for native forest seeds has been increasing due to the production of seedlings, used in the recovery of abandoned and degraded areas, as well as reforestation zones. To properly conserve these seeds, however, one needs to understand their tolerance to desiccation and storage. Thus, the objective of this work was to classify Manilkara huberi seeds regarding desiccation tolerance and storage behavior. After processing and water content determination of the newly harvested seeds, they were submitted to the drying process, followed by germination tests. According to the results, it is concluded that the seeds of M. huberi are classified as recalcitrant because they do not tolerate the drying process and the storage at low temperatures. The species M. huberi belongs to the group of climax species.