Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In 2017, the residential and commercial sectors consumed around 677,000 tons of charcoal in Brazil. Due to the expressiveness of this consumption, some studies to attest the quality of this fuel were conducted in several states of Brazil; however, in Pará, studies on this subject are still incipient. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the charcoal for cooking food marketed in southeastern Pará and to evaluate whether the quality observed meets the parameters indicated by the Selo Carvão Premium. The study was conducted in the city of Parauapebas, where three brands of charcoal (A, B, and C) were selected in three different points of sale, with packages of 5 kg being acquired in a three-month period, totaling 15 kg. The variables analyzed were apparent relative density, humidity, higher heating value, net heating value, energy density, volatile materials, ash, fixed carbon and elemental chemical composition (C, H, N, S, and O). The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design, being three treatments and eighteen replications, totaling fifty-four sample units. All brands had moisture content above 5%, apparent relative density greater than 420 kg m-3, and high percentages of ash (> 1.5%). The B and C brands had volatile material contents between 17 – 19% and fixed carbon between 78 – 80%, respectively. The average net heating value for the charcoals of the region was 6672 kcal kg-1. The charcoal for cooking foods analyzed have low quality; however, brands B and C were the closest to the minimum standard required by the Selo Carvão Premium of the state of São Paulo.

The present study aimed to detect the presence of buffalos serum reagents for Brucella sp. and Leptospira spp. Serum samples from 113 animals from Marajó Island, slaughtered at a slaughterhouse in the city of Belém, Pará, were used, which were submitted to the Rapid Agglutination Test with buffered, acidified plate antigen (BAPA) and 2-Mercaptoethanol ( 2-ME) for the detection of antibodies against Brucella sp. and the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for the detection of agglutinins against Leptospira spp. From the 113 samples analyzed, 13.3% (15/113) were reagents for Brucella sp. antibodies in AAT and 6.1% (7/113) were confirmed in the 2-ME test. For Leptospira spp., 35.4% (40/113) of the buffalos were reactive with serovar Hardjo C.T.G., present in 75% (30/40) of the reactions. It was concluded that antibodies against the investigated agents were detected, demonstrating the need to make a more efficient sanitary control in the herd.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) seeding rates (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) in association with palisade (Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster cv. Marandu) and gamba (Andropogon gayanus Kunthvar. Bisquamulatus (Hochst.) Hack. cv. Planaltina) grasses on establishment parameters and forage biomass (FB) yield under low-input systems in Brazilian Cerrados. The experiment was conducted from December 2009 to April 2010, in Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil, using plots of 20m2 (5 × 4m) under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The number of perennial grasses (NG) and millet (NM) seedlings were counted at 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day after sowing (DAS). The heights of perennial grasses (HG) and millet (HM) were measured at 48th, 73rd, 98th, and 125th DAS. On these dates, DM yield was quantified by harvesting the whole forage above 30cm. The increase in pearl millet seeding rate reduced NG and HG, while NM and HM increased. Association of pearl millet with grasses increased DM yield quadratically, with maximum point at the seeding rate of 6.5 kg.ha−1. The presence of pearl millet affects the establishment and DM yield of palisade and gamba grasses, being recommended henceforth for reducing the first grazing event.

Jack bean provides good soil cover, nitrogen biological fixation, reduction of erosive processes and weed infestation, allelopathic action and potential phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, phytomass production and jack bean yield in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Experiments were conducted in the 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14 agricultural years, using a completely randomized experimental design with two, three and four sowing dates, respectively, for each agricultural year. The plants were collected at intervals of fifteen days in the first agricultural year, sampling the roots to a 0.20 m depth and the shoot, separating stem, leaves, inflorescences and legumes. The dry mass of roots, stem, leaves, inflorescences and legumes and total plant dry mass were determined. In the 2012/13 and 2013/14 agricultural years the plants were collected in certain phenological stages, evaluating shoot only. Plant height, leaf area index, number of grains per legume, average number of legumes per area, grain weight and yield were also determined. Jack bean showed rapid dry mass accumulation, being an alternative of intercropping between summer and winter crops in southern Brazil.

The forest fragmentation process leads to severe damages to biodiversity, due to the edge effect that occurs in the fragments. This study aimed to evaluate the forest fragmentation in the Region of Integration of the Lake Tucuruí, Pará state. To map the forest fragments, a supervised classification of images Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS was held. The fragments were divided into six size classes: class 1 (< 10 ha), class 2 ( ≥ 10 and < 50 ha), class 3 ( ≥ 50 and < 100 ha), class 4 ( ≥ 100 and < 500 ha), class 5 ( ≥ 500 and < 1,000 ha) and class 6 ( > 1,000 ha). The Fragstats 4.2 was used to calculate area metrics, density, edge, shape, core area (edge effect simulations: 30 m, 60 m, 90 m, 120 m), proximity and contagion. It was accounted 10,273 landscape fragments, of which the majority (4,446 or 43.28%) belongs to class 1. Although in a larger number, the fragments of smaller classes totalized a small area of remaining forest. The edges total and the edges density did not follow a corresponding standard to the fragments size. The largest fragments have the greatest amount of core area, being less prone to the edge effect, despite of having more irregular shapes. It was determined that the remaining vegetation is with a high level fragmentation and fragments isolation in the landscape. In the Region of Integration of the Lake Tucuruí, Itupiranga is the municipality with a vegetation that contributes the most to the biodiversity conservation, while Nova Ipixuna is the one that demands the most conservation actions.

This study evaluated the rates of paralyzation, parasitism and reproductive success of Habrobracon hebetor (= Bracon hebetor), parasitoids of lepidopteran pests of stored products, under the influence of different photoperiods. Parasitoids developed during pre-imaginal stage in three different photoperiods (light/dark) 24:0, 12:12 and 0:24, and then adults from each treatment were exposed to 0, 12 and 24 hours of photophase, totalizing 9 treatments. One parasitoid couple was placed in a Petri dish containing ten larvae of last instar Ephestia kuehniella, being removed after each 24 hours and transferred to a new dish with ten larvae, until the death of the female. Number of paralyzed and parasitized larvae and number of eggs were evaluated daily. The parasitized larvae were maintained in the same conditions of photoperiods to verify the viability (%) of each development stage. The number of paralyzed larvae was always higher than parasitized with a maximum parasitism between the 2nd and 4th day of age. Accumulated parasitism reached 80% between the 6th and 8th day of age, independent of the photoperiod. The mean number of survivors at each stage of development was higher in offspring born from full photophase with an increase in the total number of eggs produced by them. However, between treatments, the final viability was not affected considering the proportion of initial oviposition. The photoperiod in adult stage did not influence the performance of H. hebetor.

The objective of this study was to determine equations that allow estimating the leaf area of cassava genotypes from biometric measurements of the leaves. Leaves of 17 cassava genotypes were collected and the length and width of the central lobe and the real leaf area were measured in each unit. The genotypes were grouped using the UPGMA multivariate analysis method, using the ratio between the length and width of the central lobe (C/L). After grouping, Pearson’s correlation test was performed between the biometric measurements and the real leaf area. Linear and potential equation models were tested for the groups found through cluster analysis. The biometric variables that showed the greatest correlation with the leaf area were the product of the length and width of the lobe and the length of the central lobe. Four different groups were found, in which the linear equation models were best adjusted when using the product between the length and width of the central lobe and the potentials when using the length of the central lobe.

Volume 61

Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of coffee in the world, and has been facing difficulties due to the cultivar’s susceptibility to the occurrence of insects. This study aimed to evaluate the application parameters using the hydro pneumatic sprayer with different volumes of spray mix and sprayer nozzles, in the presence and in the absence of agricultural adjuvants. The work was carried out in an experimental area in the city of Monte Carmelo / MG, with the evaluation of the hydro pneumatic application efficiency with different volumes of spray mix, 200 and 400 L ha-1, two empty cone sprayer nozzles (JA-01 and TVI -800075), presence / absence of agricultural adjuvant in the application spray mix, Cartape Hydrochloride 500 g i.a ha-1, Cartape Hydrochloride (500 g i.a ha-1) + orange oil at a dose of 75 mL 100 L-1 of syrup. The use of orange oil interfered in parameters of droplet size and relative amplitude. The use of coarse droplets is a viable alternative for the application efficiency in low air humidity times. The higher volume of spray mix resulted in an increase in percentage of coverage and size of droplets.

Brazil is a world leader in coffee production due to the its diversity of soil and climatic conditions. The juvenile pre-selection of the coffee tree, selecting cultivars that have desirable characteristics correlated with productivity, can help in choosing the appropriate cultivar for each environment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and morphological attributes of coffee cultivars of small size in the first year of formation under edaphoclimatic conditions in Jaboticabal-SP. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with eighteen cultivars and four replications. Plant height and stem diameter were measured at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 days after planting. The crown diameter, the height and length of the first plagiotropic branch and the number of leaf pairs were evaluated at 12 months after planting. The cultivars Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 and Catucaí 2SL obtained higher plant heights. The largest stem diameters were observed in the cultivars IAC Ouro Amarelo, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Oeiras MG 6851, Pau Brasil MG1, Tupi IAC 125 and Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62. The crown diameter was higher in the cultivars IAC Ouro Amarelo, Catucaí 2SL, Sabia, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Sacramento MG1, Pau- Brasil MG1, Tupi IAC 125 and Tupi IAC 1669-33. The cultivars Oeiras MG 6851, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, Catuaí 2SL and Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 showed the highest heights of the first plagiotropic branch. The length of the plagiotropic branch and the number of pairs of leaves per branch, variables that contribute to productivity, did not differ among cultivars.