Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The increasing trend in the creation of specialized courts mandates the analysis of specific courts in light of the advantages and disadvantages of judicial specialization. The focus of this article are the Antitrust and Telecommunications Courts in the Mexican Republic created by an amendment to the Constitution, analyzing them based on the traditional virtues and reasons for judicial specialization (e.g. efficiency, quality, uniformity, endorsing an ideology). Therefore, the different positions and arguments in connection with the creation of specialized courts, the criteria that promotes specialization, the types and degrees of specialization, the issues as to whether specialized courts are an end in itself or whether they are a byproduct of another end, are hereby expounded. Also, the literature of the judges´ selection process, and how it has been done in the Antitrust and Telecommunications Courts is presented, providing ideas for its improvement.

Little has been written about the professional careers of those who make up the institutions of the judiciary, and there is less about the political trajectories of former constitutional magistrates, even though they are members of highly visible political arenas. For this reason, the research answers the question: to what extent do constitutional courts encourage the development of political careers? A quantitative analysis identifies where former constitutional judges in four Latin American countries come from and where they go. The results show that some politicians join the constitutional courts and that, after leaving the institution, they return to political careers. The data also shows that the judicial career does not reach even 40% of the judges, which opens a discussion on the professional profile of those who make up the courts, and with it the analysis of judicial behavior.

Cuban municipalities developed, in the last decades, without the express recognition of autonomy. This has resulted in the almost general forgetting of the possibility of issuing norms, creating a context with limitations to assume the projections of the 2019 Constitution of the Republic of Cuba in this regard. Hence the need to base the legal assumptions that must support the exercise of normative power in the current Cuban municipal design. To do this, the particularities present in the country are assessed in light of current legislation and, based on the deficiencies identified and supported by the doctrine, the aforementioned assumptions are argued. The first of these focuses on the aforementioned local power; the second to the establishment of the delimitations in its scope; and the third to propose guidelines for a regulation of the matter in a Municipal Law.

The second decade of the 21st century marks the beginning of the most important state impulse that has been imposed on the national hydrocarbon industry. Modifications to the Constitution, a new regulatory framework and government planning supported by its use and, above all, the increase in the number of exploitation projects are the greatest testimony of this. This last corollary that accompanies the new impulse of the oil industry comes with effects that tend to impact on assets protected by human rights, such as water, which generates tensions around its guarantee. Therefore, the present academic work aims to examine the implications of the human right to water and the negative effects of the use of hydrocarbons that undermine its guarantee within the framework of the conventions established for this right.

This research article seeks to establish the reasons why constitutional changes have occurred throughout Colombian history. It is first necessary to briefly present the constitutional history of these past two hundred years. Specifically, the Constitutions of 1821, 1830, 1832, 1843, 1853, 1858, 1863, 1886 and the current of 1991, will be studied and the historical context within which each one occurred will be analyzed. This study uses both historical-legal and inductive analytical methods, which allows us to draw some parameters to understand constitutional changes and their relationship with the real elements of power. In conclusion, Colombia’s constitutional changes have arisen due to different causes such as independence from the Spanish crown, civil wars, economic crises and religious causes.

Our constitutional law does not have comprehensive answers to face the exceptionality. The law in periods of exception and emergency is different from the law of ordinary periods of peace. A law is required to regulate the exception outside authoritarian conceptions. In the constitutional law of our time, states of emergency must be subject to the legal system: the powers or faculties of the ruler must be limited in them. It is necessary to eliminate any arbitrariness in the exercise of the state of exception and in reducing the possibilities of discretion. The exception must be subject to fundamental rights and the preservation of the principle of division of powers.

Aquest article estudia com els afectes són conceptualitzats a The Hundreds (2019), el projecte col·laboratiu entre Lauren Berlant i Kathleen Stewart compost per cent poemes de cent paraules (o múltiples de cent paraules). Al llarg d'ells, les autores reflexionen críticament i afectivament sobre la vida diària i la teoritzen a través de practiques d'escriptura etnogràfica i teoricoexperimentals, autoimposant-se una restricció de paraules al moment d'escriure per explorar les possibilitats darrere de formes alternatives d'escriure i teoritzar els afectes. Centrant-se en la fusió de poesia, etnografia i teoria present a The Hundreds, aquest treball explora les qualitats formals dels poemes del llibre i com les fronteres entre la ficció i la crítica es difuminen a través d'una sèrie de tàctiques experimentals i creatives que suggereixen pedagogies ètiques radicals i resisteixen els valors neoliberals presents a l'acadèmia. Algunes d'aquestes tàctiques subverteixen convencions acadèmiques referides a practiques enunciatives, de citació i d'autoria, suggerint formes innovadores d'habitar el lloc de l'acadèmic i noves maneres d'entendre la pròpia acadèmia. Una de les preguntes centrals que aquesta investigació intenta respondre és com la forma és utilitzada per Berlant i Stewart en el seu text per teoritzar els afectes, prestant especial atenció a com les seves pràctiques constitueixen el que es podria anomenar «escriptura ordinària», un mètode creatiu per a teoritzar i descriure el que és ordinari i les condicions afectives del present.