Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El documento presenta los resultados de la encuesta[1] realizada en la ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila., con una muestra de estudiantes en diseño gráfico de universidades locales. Se exponen las opiniones y percepciones generales de los encuestados sobre aspectos de la comedia musical, en cuanto a su difusión en redes sociales y medios impresos, así como las recomendaciones formales para desarrollar el diseño gráfico para este tipo de espectáculo. Asimismo, se esboza el criterio que perfila a la comedia musical como una actividad que abre oportunidades de trabajo y evoca la responsabilidad del diseñador gráfico con la cultura.[1] Encuesta diseñada, aplicada y capturada por César Alonso Valdés.

The research portrays the 21st century manager’s profile, from the focus of the intelligent organization (Senge, 2005), adopting as a population the microenterprises of the telecommunications sector of the Iribarren municipality, Lara state (Venezuela). An intentional sample of 5 organizations was chosen and the survey and interview techniques were used, through the application of a questionnaire and unstructured interviews. The study presents a mainly quantitative, descriptive approach with field design and contemplates some aspects of qualitative approach that serve as the basis for the formulation of a theoretical model of the 21st century manager (21stCM)'s profile. The 21stCM model proposes 10 characteristics of the manager that recognize shared meanings and encourage their adaptation aimed at achieving objectives regardless of technological changes or new management models. The results show that the managers of the analyzed microenterprises generally perform the traditional managerial functions, but show an inclination towards the disciplines of the intelligent organization, with emphasis on shared vision and team learning. Managers consider planning important, but do not use it as a learning tool, within the discipline of mental models. It is concluded that managers are biased towards the planning and control functions, applied together with elements of the intelligent organization approach, however, weaknesses in the discipline of mental models are appreciated, so it is recommended to reinforce strategies aimed at investigate and overcome these ways of thinking.

Globally, the indiscriminate use of natural resources persists, deteriorating our environment (MA). The response to this situation has been oriented to the ecological practices of reducing, reusing and recycling, which only underuse the waste generated. It is necessary to evaluate the production and consumption systems to move towards sustainability. In 2015, the United Nations approved the 2030 Agenda that includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), whose fulfillment favors economic development and protects the MA for our generation and future ones. The present investigation, under a mostly quantitative approach, analyzes eco-effectiveness as a strategy for compliance with the SDGs, adopting the “Cradle to Cradle” (C2C) paradigm as a reference. For this purpose, correspondence was established between the goals set within these objectives and the quality criteria of the C2C. The study is descriptive, supported by documentary review, as a data collection technique, which are processed using frequency analysis. Of the 169 SDG goals, 66 (39%) correspond to the quality criteria mentioned. Of this total number of goals consistent with the C2C criteria, 90.90% is related to the Social Responsibility-Diversity criteria, while the link with the remaining criteria ranges between 39% and 50%. In order to achieve eco-effectivity under the C2C paradigm, the actions of Reconceptualizing, Redesigning and Reevaluating products, services and systems are proposed to subsequently: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. It is concluded that Ecoeffectiveness is an applicable strategy in support of the SDGs.

Since ancient times, humanity has celebrated the change of the seasons with allegorical festivities and, in particular, the summer solstices, June 21 and winter, on December 21. The festival of Saint John the Baptist coincides with the first of them. This contribution shows a poorly studied vision of the festivals of this saint in Venezuela, where there is a perception that everything is already said about it, which limits the treatment of the subject to the repetition of consecrated common places. This documentary work focuses on the festivals of San Juan Bautista in Carora, a colonial city of the semi-arid of the Venezuelan western, traditional and deeply religious, trying to approach an answer about the absence of drum ringing at the saint's festivities in that city, which celebrates with a very sober religious and social holiday, unlike the coast and other places in the country. The analysis presented is part of the current of the School of the Annals, framed in religious mentalities and from social history. This contribution contributes to the study of the complexity of the celebrations of San Juan in Venezuela, describing their variants in the country, then showing the dominance of the Catholic Church over the slave population, through the brotherhoods and the control of the farms, as the main element that explains the absence of the African influence in the festivities in honor of the patron saint in the levitical city of Carora.  

The discussion about human activity and how it affs the environment has become a relevant topic. There is much evidence of the irresponsible way in which waste is managed. Sewers and spaces converted into garbage dumps are sources of disease and flooding. Given this problem, this quantitative, explanatory and field research aimed to determine the factors that explain the behavior of separation or recycling of waste in Costa Rican homes, for which purpose data from the National Survey of Households of the year 2016, using a binary logistic regression model, whose dependent variable was represented by the aforementioned waste separation behavior, modeled as a dichotomous variable, with the answer “Yes” or “No”. In the set of predictive variables, aspects inherent to the head of the household were considered, first of all: which include: gender, level of education, employment status and marital status (accompanied or not by couple). On the other hand, the homes’ own characteristics were incorporated: located in an urban or rural area, its net income and Internet access. All the variables, except the working condition of the head of the household, were significant and showed a positive effect on the disposition to separate waste. The feature with the greatest impact on this provision is the location of the home in a rural area. Therefore, it is necessary to articulate public policies that stimulate the separation of waste in urban areas, considering that they host the highest percentage of the country's population.

Leadership is an action that seeks to encourage and influence a group of individuals to mobilize the collective effort, in order to generate changes that allow reaching common goals. In the interest of addressing this phenomenon in the context of higher education institutions, the present paper focused on analyzing the professor´s fundamental role in university leadership, in order to overcome the challenges faced by the aforesaid educational institutions in the 21st century. This effort focused on discussing the teaching leadership styles applicable in the context of these organizations, taking into account the imperatives of the society of knowledge and the challenges posed by the different university functions. The methodology used is of a qualitative nature, based on the documentary review of the theoretical referents of the thematic field studied and on the application of critical hermeneutics as a method of analysis. As a final reflection, it emerges that in the university sphere, the professor’s leadership is particularly relevant, who in a continuous and dynamic process is able to lead a social group to reach a diversity of aims, which require the combination of different styles of leadership, with predominance of transformational leadership and with a strong ethical and distributive component, which with the help of technological tools allows to awaken participation, responsibility, sense of belonging and vocation of service, towards the pursuit of institutional purposes and collective benefit, honoring the commitment of the university to sustainable development.

The Spanish language was made and makes today a living language between two logics in tension: coloniality and decoloniality. The scientific essay that allows analyzing this relationship, in the light of the language-identity binomial, was intended to reveal how the Spanish language worked as a traditional element of coloniality, since the conquest, making an ontological project effective in Latin America, but in turn It was constituted - by the very nature of this new and new reality - as a decolonizing element that preserved the American substrate and gave the Spanish American real existence through words and the reality symbolized in it. The documentary research modality, with its analytical summary and critical analysis techniques (Montero, Hochman, 2005), was the path selected for the purposes of this work. The contributions of fundamental authors in the field of cultural, philosophical, Latin American and linguistic studies (Dussel, Kusch, Mignolo, Biord Castillo, Quijano, Maldonado-Torres, among others) were combined to combine a conceptual totality that, although it accounts for the coloniality product of the language-culture and identityfusion, also allows to expose it, in the light of the decolonizing processes that today revitalize the language and culture, while still seeing literature as an expression of both.

The purpose of this work is to highlight the role of prosocial behaviors in organizational relational dynamics and analyze the possibilities of activating these behaviors in contexts of this nature, to face labor problems, with special reference to the context represented by the economic and social crisis of Venezuela at the end of the second decade of the 21st century. The work is approached from the perspective of the descriptive and retrospective method, with an existentialist humanist approach, which seeks to describe prosociality as one of the protective factors that can calm the consequences of the crisis in contexts of active participation, within the framework of the venezuelan society. It is concluded that organizational citizenship behaviors, as an expression of prosocial behaviors, can be adopted in the labor spheres, as a coping strategy for the country's situational conjuncture. In addition, the importance of deepening research in the area under analysis in this work is emphasized. 

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