Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Increasing levels of cadmium in agricultural soils cause environmental concern due to its mobility and the ease with which it is absorbed by plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Farmland miracle fertilizer on the adsorption capacity of Cadmium from the soil and its effect on the productivity of the cocoa crop in the province of Napo, Ecuador. Three treatments distributed in a random block comprising three doses of Farmland miracle fertilizer (high, medium and low) were evaluated. A sampling was carried out prior to the establishment of the treatments and another at the end of the harvest period. For this, five soil samples were collected at two depths of 0-10 cm and 10 to 30 cm in the experimental area for the subsequent determination of physical, chemical properties and cadmium content in both soil and almonds. The cadmium content available in the initial and final soil exhibited concentrations considered low when compared to the critical value (2 mg kg-1) with a 99% reduction with the application of the Farmland miracle fertilizer (biocarbon). The cadmium concentration in the almonds for both dates turned out to be low when compared with the reference level (1 mg kg-1), which correspond to the registered values ??of cadmium concentration in the soil. However, with the application of biocarbon, there was a decrease in cadmium in almonds of approximately 97% with respect to the initial value.

The inadequate use of chemical peptides on farming contribute to the environmental contamination, highlighting the toxicity on human beings, the atmosphere contamination capacity, soil and water and above all the use of persistent substances or bioacumulative. The investigation took place in Jipijapa, Paján y 24 de Mayo, Manabí province. The objective was to determinate the effect of use of clean technology for the control of Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari, thought the use of two experiments: implementation of craft traps (ethological control) and the use of Petiveria alliacea and Azadirachta indica excerpts that controls the Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (fruit drill) on the Coffea arabica cultivate. The ethological control were four treatments and three repetitions on each place, making twenty locality/traps with two semi-chemicals (substances with chemical message) distributed approximately 20 m x 20 m, booking every the number of captured drills. For the excerpts three concentration and three frequencies were applied, building ten treatments and three repetitions. According to the Tukey test on p< 0.05 we determinate the difference between tests. On the ethological control we obtain p-valor: 0.023, with a variation coefficient of 8.91. On the excerpts we obtain a statistic difference in adults’ mortality (p-valor: 0.0075; CV: 1.38%) and eggs with a p-valor: 0.0084 y CV de 0.85%, proving that there are friendly options friendly for the environment on the coffee plantation control.

Urban Green Areas (AVU) are guarantors of the quality of life of city dwellers. The sustainable management of these spaces must consider the characteristics of its users. The objective of the research was to determine the perception of visitors about the AVU of the city of Tulcán, province Carchi, Ecuador, in order to propose environmental educational orientations. A survey was applied to 180 visitors in 21 green areas of the city, following a non-probabilistic sampling of an intentional type. The information was recorded in a structured questionnaire that addressed the variables: Typology, characteristics of the visit, evaluation of services, perceived problems and proposed solutions. 67% of visitors are young adults who visit these spaces weekly (41%), to perform rest activities (46%) and sports (31%). The main means of transport used are on foot (53%) and bus (18%). Drinking water (42%) and sewage (43%) services are considered good. The problems they perceive are insecurity (47%), lack of infrastructure (33%) and lack of cleanliness (28%); 46% argue that these problems are caused by deficiencies in the municipal administration and the low environmental education of society (35%). The solutions focused on the implementation of awareness talks (48%) and increase in municipal (40%) and state investment (18%). The educational proposals, focused on the formal, non-formal and informal fields, are aimed at promoting the valuation of these spaces and the promotion of responsible behavior towards their use.

The quality of life of the inhabitants of an urban area depends, to a large extent, on the state and the abundance of green spaces existing in it or in its vicinity. The research presented includes the study carried out in the green areas of the cast Hermanos Cruz, municipality Pinar del Río, with the aim of characterizing the urban trees based on the composition, diversity and perception of the inhabitants about their functions. 11 areas were selected. From the Cuban Standard of Green Areas (NC 677-1: 2009), they were classified according to their location and function; those corresponding to parks and public facilities were inventoried, as well as the tree-lined road. In this regard, the following were identified: risk trees; main conflicts; wealth index; relative frequency; and relative abundance; and surveys were applied to the settlers to know their perception of urban trees. As results of the study it was obtained that, in the distribution of the species by growth habits, a predominance of the trees is observed, highlighting the families Bignoniaceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Annonaceae and Arecaceae as the most represented. Regarding the origin, the species introduced for both trees and shrubs predominate. Species richness presents a variation between the different areas. People consider the presence of trees in cities necessary and demonstrate knowledge about woodland in their city environment, in terms of their functions and benefits. Proposals are made to increase native species.

In order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal for 2030, which proposes guaranteeing sustainable consumption and production modalities, the role that universities must assume as an education and environmental management manager is essential. The Ecological Footprint is a biophysical indicator that integrates the set of impacts that the community exerts on its environment, measured in terms of appropriation of ecosystems, which considers both the necessary resources and the waste generated to sustain said community. The present work arises with the objective of communicating to the university community of the Metropolitan University of Ecuador, the result of the ecological footprint focused on a single case study. The calculation tool available on the website of the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador was used, and an ecological footprint of 2.87 global hectares (hag) was obtained that exceeds the value of this indicator for the case of this country. This means that the assumed life style exceeds the limits of the planet and shows a conflicto between the consumption model and environmental sustainability. Finally, some corrective measures are exposed to reduce the ecological footprint in order to contribute to sustainable development.

The invertebrates are the most diverse group in the world; they colonize almost all the ecosystems and certainly give many goods and services to the human beings. The invertebrates that live in the soil contribute consistently with changes in the ecosystemic functions, affecting directly: nutrients, cycle, change in biomass contain ecological nets and inter specific relations for more voluminous organisms. For this exercise were taken the information of the six more representative magazines (2010-2016). The invertebrates in the tropics are maybe the most diverse group, although in the checking stage carried out only 64% represented tropical zones or subtropical exclusively, the rest is a comparison with temperate zones or global studious. Because of its diversity, many invertebrates are waiting for their taxonomical descriptions; many specialists are not from tropical countries. Brazil is the country with more investigations about this theme with its own investigators. No all the invertebrates have received the same attention, and the most studied groups are the orders Hymenoptera (20%), Coleopteran (12%) and Araneae (6%), many families without identification (25%), distinguishing studious in Fomicidae (24%) and Scarabaeinae (8%) mainly. The tendency is to work with those that are better described. The articles selected constitute a key for identifying the most useable methodologies, where the fall trap (30%), quadrant (11%) and transecto (9%), are remarkable over 24 methodologies, the most widespread time of studious was for only one season (< 1 year) the central point of the search in the soil (40%) and the fallen leaves (38%).

The objective of this work was to analyze the result of the application of an action system as a contribution to the food safety in Cabaiguan. The methodology used was the one that sustain the realization of the Local Agricultural Innovation Project and the Agricultural capacitation, through the learning action. This process has been done on the learning group, where each group planned the action and activities, implemented, analyze based on results and re-planned for a new learning cycle. We start with the selection and designation of the productive entities bound to the project, truthful producers; they along with the government, Agricultural Municipality Management and Municipality University Center were a local multi actor platform for agricultural innovation. The farmers’ experimentation achieved great impact related with higher farm efficiency; it was measure on the production rise and diversity of vegetables and animals. Local Agricultural Innovation Groups (GIAL) have been initiated, as participation spaces with a gender view, the capacitation for the implementation of good practices delivered for the local innovation system, the interchange with experienced producers and the socialization of the results by the investigators, scholars, students and producers in a regional event.

The remote sensing technique or remote perception can be used to estimate the water quality variables, such as chlorophyll, total suspended matter and water clearness. This article presents empiric algorithms for its estimation which use the Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor data from the satellite Landsat 8/LCDM. The data were taken from the Chinchaycocha lake, because it has nutritive substances that improve the algae production and other aquatic plants that deteriorate the water quality. We obtain empiric equations to estimate chlorophyll on the relation of reflectivity values with the Chavez method, between 3 and 5 OLI sensor bands; the transparency through the disco de secchi, the influence on the 3 and 4 bands; and the total suspended matter influence on band 5; shows as a result, maps of Chinchaycocha lake were the values of this parameters can be seen. This investigation supports the techniques used.