Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito evaluar el uso de los residuos del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) como alternativa sostenible en la elaboración de bloques para la construcción. Para el desarrollo de la investigación experimental se aplicó una encuesta a los productores de maíz en la parroquia Boyacá, cantón Chone, con el fin de conocer el destino final de estos residuos. Los resultados de la encuesta ejecutada a los productores revelan que el 73% queman a cielo abierto los residuos de dicho cultivo después de cada periodo de cosecha; el 20% lo utilizan como alimento para el ganado; el 5% realizan ensilajes y el 2% lo reutilizan como abono para las plantas. Para la obtención de los bloques se establecieron tres tratamientos y un testigo, con diferentes dosificaciones de residuos del cultivo de maíz (tusa, tallo y hoja): T1 (25% - 1.25 kg); T2 (50% - 2.50 kg); T3 (75% - 3.75 kg) y testigo (100% - 5 kg). Luego se realizaron ensayos de resistencia a comprensión a los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días con el objetivo de compararlos con los bloques tradicionales. Finalmente, como resultado, se obtuvo que el T1 con 25% de residuos del cultivo de maíz presentó la mayor resistencia (43 kg/cm2) a los 28 días, lo cual permitió concluir que este bloque cumple con los parámetros de la norma NTE INEN 3066 (2016), clasificándolo como bloque para la construcción clase B. Conforme al análisis estadístico existen diferencias significativas entre cada uno de los tratamientos.

En la actualidad, la ciudad de Medellín, en Colombia, tiene un problema crónico de calidad de aire. Una alternativa para reducir los efectos de esa contaminación es aumentar las áreas arborizadas. En este trabajo se estimó el efecto marginal que tendría el aumento de la cobertura arbórea urbana en la remoción de PM2.5. En este sentido, el mismo hace uso de la metodología UFORE para calcular la remoción de este contaminante en forma distribuida sobre la ciudad, utilizando imágenes satelitales Sentinel 2A para identificar las coberturas y estimar el Índice de Área Foliar (IAF), que es un insumo importante para los cálculos. Se tomaron como base los registros de estaciones en el año 2017. Al calcular la remoción del PM2.5 para la condición base, se encontró un valor cercano a 83 t para toda el área metropolitana y de 3 t para Medellín. Cuando se aumenta el área total arborizada en un 1% de manera proporcional en toda la ciudad, el valor de la remoción aumenta en 1%. Por otro lado, al localizar la arborización en las zonas de mayor concentración del contaminante, la remoción total tiene un aumento cercano al 1.6%, lo que implicaría que la decisión de arborización debe priorizarse en dichos lugares para que sea efectiva. Igualmente, se estimó preliminarmente que optimizar el IAF de la cobertura arbórea puede resultar más efectivo en la remoción que aumentar el área de arbolado urbano, aunque otros beneficios de los árboles deben tenerse en cuenta para las decisiones de siembra.

The indiscriminate use of plastic causes environmental problems; is estimated that around 500 year are required for its total degradation. The strategies for its recycle require the technology development and the users’ conscience.  The alternatives which are made by biotechnological methods are not sustainable, due to the elevated cost compared with oil derivate. The polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) are polyesters classified on function of the length of the acid fats chain and synthetized by microorganism with proprieties similar to the polypropylene. The present study objective is to evaluate the potential of the Scenedesmus acuminatus strains on the PHA production. A growing kinetics on 30 test tubes with 20 ml as Bold cultivate mean and 5 ml of strain. We monitored it a 72 hla frequency of extracellular acid fats production and cellular biomass. The acid fats presences were determinate with black sudan ink and composed microscopy at 40 X objective.  From the day fifth teen on acid fats on the cellular supernatant can be seen. The acid fats were proportional to the incubation days and according to the PHA literature they are produced on cellular stress, when there is a lack of macronutrients in cultivate and high quantity of carbon. Scenedesmus has the capacity to use the CO2 as a carbon source, which reduce the operation cost.

Actually rural tourism is an economic activity; in Europe and Latin America is one of the principal tourism tendencies. Its development is based on the interest and joy of its cultural and natural potentialities:  beautiful landscapes, patrimonial wealthiest bound to towns that shows to any visitor their harmony on their everyday duty. Although is favorable for the local economy, landscapes and towns are vulnerable. The object of this research was the rural area of Grecánica, located at the south area of Italy and the municipality of Cabaiguán, Cuba. We made an inventory of tangible and intangible patrimony. And both have potential to spread the offers and touristic products, they have to initiate pilot experiences allowing on the way the valuation of its resources. Based on pictures taken of these areas we evaluated the landscape quality as part of the patrimony that allowed the identification of the best places and the landscapes views. We made a special analysis using the GIS in order to evaluate the landscapes views and the determination of the trial characteristics and the recommendation to operate and maps.

The amateur’s artist movement of the High Education and the University Student Federation will celebrate on 2020 the 25th festival, being this one the oldest cultural activity in this education level. Nonetheless, in the analysis of the official documents that resumes the history of its management until 2018, is evident that the environmental culture promotion from the art expressions has not been addressed with the intentionality needed to sensitive the university community regarding the problematic the planet lives today, thru this universal language. The interviews and polls applied express not only recognition of this need, the disposition of authors to overturn in spokesmen and the favorable condition for the impact of their projection, but also the urgency increase to strength extensionists policies headed to the formation of practical and critical conscience to face the environmental respect. The objective of the present work is to expose the Plan de acción para la promoción de la cultura ambiental desde el Movimiento de Artistas Aficionados (período 2018-2020), that is been implemented by the High Education Ministry from the University Extension Management in order to root as an indissoluble component the environmental dimension from the art on Cuban University.

Environmental education and sustainability have implications for the economic, cultural, ethical, social and spiritual inclusion of peoples. The commitments of international organizations such as United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and other NGOs such as Wild World Foundation have allowed a series of conferences and declarations to be held calling for global engagement. Despite these intentions and commitments, the state of the planet goes from bad to worse. That is why the 2030 Agenda insisted on the need to implement initiatives and participate in promoting environmental education and sustainable development. It is based on this perspective that the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences in Lubango opened the Master in Science Teaching, having as one of the modules Social problems of science, technology and environment. The module's objective is to train students in the participation of building resilient communities through the massification of environmental education from the fundamental level to higher education with the inclusion of new ecological components, placing the dimension of environmental education at the center of student affairs and current practices. In this communication we use the qualitative and quantitative method and present a review on the impact of the problem of environmental education and its relationship with sustainable development, we synthesize the types of environmental problems identified by students and their understanding of the need for massive environmental education within of young students.

On the sugarcane industry the liquid effluents of the ethanol production, such as stillage, can be used on the anaerobically digestion. On this research we realize an experimental design at a lab scale regarding volatiles solid concentration with five treatments and three repetitions. We put in fifth teen Batch reactors the desire concentration stillage in dissolution as a substrate for twenty-one days. The purpose is to evaluate the biogas and methane production on relation with volatiles solids and the chemical demand of oxygen. We determinate that the (T5) treatment had a higher biogas and methane production, representing the 51.9% of its composition. This was possible because the inoculum was previously adapted on concentrated stillage. It was proved that stillage can be used due to its capacity to produce biogas furthermore it contributes to reduce the environmental impact of the sugarcane industry.

Since 2012 the National university of Costa Rica starts to work in the institutional of environmental management program (PGAI) establish through the executive decree N° 36499-S-MINAET regulation for the institutional of environmental management program elaboration in the public sector in Costa Rica. On these frame, the objective of this study was to determinate the environmental behavior of the UNA and the advance degree of the strategies and actions previously established and its possible effectiveness thru the verification of the institutional electric, water, fossil fuels, paper and usable solid waste demand for the 2011 – 2016 period. With this we have an environmental control through reliable, verifiable and accessible indicators.  The monthly data used on the analysis were added to obtain annual values and divided between the university populations for the per capita indicators. At the per capita level the annual consumption quantity of the institution have been reduced. These results are due to the improvement on the implementation of environmental action and goals that integrate the whole university population, looking for a sustainable development in the institution.

Among the Spanish mathematicians of the seventeenth century the Andalusian geometer Antonio Hugo de Omerique, author of the geometric analysis (1689) shines with its own light. In this work, praised by Isaac Newton himself, Omerique uses a "new and true method for the resolution of both geometric problems and arithmetic issues." It is the method of analysis and synthesis. In this article we briefly describe this book and we present some examples in which the mathematician from Sanlúcar applies the analysis to the resolution geometric construction problems. In addition, we present some reflections that could contribute to the design of an activity to be carried out with pre-service secondary school teachers.