Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La contaminación sonora es un problema a nivel mundial, puesto que afecta a humanos y animales. Los niveles altos de ruido generan afecciones a la salud y en casos extremos pérdida de la audición. En el Perú, la normativa que rigela protección del cuerpo receptor para el ruido es el ECA (Estándar de calidad ambiental) D.S 085-2003-PCM, estas medidas son categorizadas de acuerdo al lugar de ejecución. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar el nivel de ruido de cuatro localidades en Loreto; Perú con la normativa peruana vigente. Se categorizaron como “Zona de aplicación especial”: RA-01 (Rio Paranapura), RA-02 (Rio Chambira), RA-03 (Rio Patayacu) y RA-04 (Rio Nanay). Los resultados para ruido evaluados en campo fueron medidos en decibeles (dB), donde se comparó tres presiones sonoras “máximo”, “mínimo” y “equivalente” en la época de vaciante y de creciente en los turnos diurno y nocturno durante tres días consecutivos para cada estación de muestreo. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se evidenció que las estaciones de muestreo en las cuatro localidades sobrepasaron el promedio equivalente del ECA para la categoría de “Zona de aplicación especial”, también se evidencio que la contaminación sonora en estas localidades fue generada por el entorno natural. Esto demostró que el ruido ambiental se mantiene en forma constante por las condiciones naturales sin ocasionar problemas a la salud humana y a ninguna especie de fauna silvestre, que no es afectada a nivel ecológico. De acuerdo a la OEFA (Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental) y MINAM (Ministerio del Ambiente del Perú) las exposiciones continuas al ruido con presiones sonoras menores a 60 dB no son nocivas para el cuerpo receptor.

La búsqueda de estrategias para el aprendizaje representa un desafío en el nivel educativo. El propósito del estudio fue la conjugación práctica para la evaluación formativa del aprendizaje en docentes universitarios. A partir de, la implementación del programa de posgrado referido al diplomado internacional ¨creatividad científica e innovación tecnológica¨ que se desarrolló en la Universidad Nacional ¨San Luis Gonzaga¨ de Ica, Perú se estableció un esquema de aprendizaje sobre 6 indicadores: variable de selección, enfoque de la investigación, tipo de artículo científico orientado, reconocimiento cognoscitivo, estructura metodológica de interés y criterio de interpretación y aporte. Fueron seleccionados de forma probabilística aleatoria, 3 docentes y mediante la técnica cuantitativa por análisis de contenido se consideró el nivel sobre el aprendizaje. Se estableció un código de puntuación de 12 a 20 siendo reconocido solamente como nivel de excelencia el rango de 18 a 20 puntos. Al comparar los resultados entre los docentes, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) donde un docente se ubicó en el nivel de excelencia al obtener 18 puntos. Se requirió, la replicación de los indicadores en otras modalidades de la enseñanza para evaluar su posible contribución a la formación del aprendizaje en docentes universitarios.

El Dengue constituye la enfermedad viral transmitida por artrópodos de mayor importancia médica y la más importante en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad por consiguiente es importante la vigilancia del dengue. Se realizó un estudio observacional tipo transversal desde enero a diciembre del 2017 en el Laboratorio de Tecnología Avanzada SUMA del Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología (CPHEM) de Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Las muestras de sueros fueron tomadas de personas con SFI (Síndromes Febriles Inespecíficos) a partir del 6to día de la fecha de inicio de los síntomas para detectar anticuerpos IgM contra dengue, para lo cual se utilizó el ensayo inmunoenzimático UMELISA IgM Dengue Plus. El mes de mayor reactividad fue octubre (25,99%) y los municipios más afectados con reactividad fueron Baragüa (20%), Ciego de Ávila (11,99%), Morón (11,86%) y Ciro Redondo (11,11%) que fueron municipios que tuvieron transmisión. El suero control interno positivo y negativo del ensayo estuvo bajo control estadístico. La concordancia entre los ensayos fue de 86,60 % y la prevalencia para el ensayo UMELISA DENGUE IgM Plus fue de10,32 %.

En múltiples ocasiones, la toma de decisiones ambientales depende de la respuesta analítica emitida por un laboratorio y no siempre, los resultados químicos o biológicos se sustentan por la trazabilidad metodología que requiere su validación. El propósito del estudio fue desarrollar un modelo de diseño para la acreditación analítica de laboratorios en biología y química ambiental. El diseño del modelo referido como eje dinámico de primer orden, al proceso de medición donde otros cuatro ejes dinámicos de segundo orden confluyeron son denominados: I) proceso de la muestra (muestra), II) proceso de realización (métodos), III) proceso de seguimiento y mejora (resultados) y IV) proceso institucional (laboratorio). Cada uno de los ejes de segundo orden presentó diversos criterios de validez para asegurar el proceso de medición específica. Se concluyó que el diseño del modelo permitió asegurar la confiabilidad de los resultados.

Although the scientific problem can be redefi ned, it is the most complex methodological structure to pose, since the correct identification of the variables must guarantee the delimitation of the research object, possible spent time, conceptualclarity about the area of research involved, immediacy of questions as guides to elucidate and the objective availability of resources involved. Likewise, it harbors the curiosity to transform some undesired effects that justify, unresolved causes.The approach of the scientifi c problem of investigation requires for its justification, originality, transcendence, level of update and relevance; in addition, the use of available intellectual tools. The present work has the purpose of describinga practical algorithm for the correct approach of the scientific research problem.

The aim of this investigation was to analyze the biological and environmental characteristics concerning the development of tourism around the California sea lion Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828) in the Bay of Mazatlan, Mexico. The California sea lion, according to recent studies, inhabits the coasts of northwestern Mexico during the months from November to May (6 months). In this period, around 35,531 tourists visited this aquatic animal in its natural habitat, just 2 km from the coast. Th is economic activity generated an annual income for tourism services of $11,425,120.00 M.N ($626,517.24 USD) that off er ecotourism of the sea lion as a profitable attraction in the bay known as the Pearl of the Mexican Pacifi c. In the Bay of Mazatlan, this marine mammal enjoys a privileged place on the boardwalk, where there is a monument highlighting its importance in the port. Th is animal is the only pinniped species resident in the Gulf of California, with an approximate registry of 40 colonies. Also, there is a temporary ´house´ in a rock formation called Roca Tortuga (RT) at the geographic coordinates of 23 ° 11’13.15 “N and 106 ° 26’45.68” in the winter and spring months. Recent studies conducted 245 surveys of sea lions at Roca Tortuga during the winter of 2006 and the spring of 2013 by a local ecotourism company. Sea lions were observed at the study site from September to May-June, but with interannual variations in their abundance. In the winter seasons of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 anomalies were recorded in their abundance, with minimal visitation during 2012. The most important environmental factors were determined: the water temperature shows seasonal variations, with maximum values from July to September (30ºC) and minimums in December (19ºC). Th e feeding of this mammal is based on sardines Sardinops sagax caeruleus (Girard, 1854), Pacific mackerel Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 and hake Merluccius sp Rafinesque, 1810. The temporary population of California sea lion that visits the coastal waters and that is added during the winter and spring in Roca Tortuga, on the Mexican Pacific coast and is considered in this work as a biomodel study of nature tourism sector as lucrative activity. This marine resource is vulnerable both to changes in environmental conditions, particularly those that affect localproductivity, and to the impacts associated with human activities such as fishing and the tourism that visits RT, these being its main threats.

Th e present investigation was carried out in order to evaluate the stability of the anesthetic monitoring of a protocol based on Meloxican, Acepromazina, Propofol, Xilacina and Tramadol in Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758). Eight male rabbits of the New Zealand race were subjected to 3 anesthesia protocols with 8 pseudo replicas: 2 treatments and 1 control with a one week interval between each. Th e fi rst protocol (protocol 1) was based on Meloxicam 0.3 mg·kg-1 SC, Acepromazine 0.5 mg·kg-1 IM, Propofol (induction 8mg·kg-1 maintenance 0.5 mg·kg-1 IV), the second protocol (protocol 2) was based on Meloxicam 0.3 mg·kg-1 SC, Acepromazine 0.5 mg·kg-1 IM, Propofol (induction 8 mg·kg-1 maintenance 0.5 mg·kg-1), Tramadol 5 mg·kg-1 IV and control (control protocol) was based on Meloxicam 0.3 mg·kg-1 SC, Acepromazine 0.5 mg·kg-1 IM, Ketamine 30 mg·kg-1 IM, Xylazine 5 mg·kg-1 IM. Physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, body temperature) were evaluated every 15 min for 60 min. Heart rate, respiratoryrate, oximetry and temperature were aff ected in the control protocol (p <0.05) but not in protocols 1 and 2. FC (200), degrees. In conclusion, the protocols based on Propofol and Propofol tramadol, are safe at the doses used for teaching,  where the heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation apparently behave with stability; however, active thermal support is recommended during use in anesthesia.(219) and (218); FR (100), (52) and (55); SpO2 (94), (97) and (96); Tº (36.6), (37.3) and (37.2), respectively. Therewas no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the use of protocol 1 or 2, as the heart rate was the only physiological constant influenced by the ASA (“American Society of Anesthesiologists”, is used to estimate the risk posed by anesthesia for the different states of the patient) in the 3 protocols; fi nally, the 3 protocols evaluated produced hypothermia to different degrees. In conclusion, the protocols based on Propofol and Propofol tramadol, are safe at the doses used for teaching, where the heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation apparently behave with stability; however, active thermal support is recommended during use in anesthesia.

Water pollution has increased over the years and has been caused primarily by industrial development and population growth. Currently there is a growing concern about the eff ects of using wastewater for irrigation, so the objective of the research was to evaluate the quality of the water used for irrigation in “Valley of Yabu”. Microbiological and chemical indicators were determined. In addition, the ecotoxicity of irrigation water was evaluated using a rapid, simple and economical in vitro bioassay of acute toxicity by using Allium cepa L. bulbs. During the period in which the analysis was carried out, it was noted that the values of total and thermotolerants coliforms were > 0.16 x 103 NMP / 100 mL, which  far exceeds those allowed in the reference standards. The contents of nitrite and ammonia show values higher than the concentrations established in the current CS. Th erefore, water is evaluated as not suitable for agricultural irrigation ofcrops and vegetables that are consumed directly without cooking. In the acute toxicity test in A. cepa, the water samples analyzed turned out to be phytotoxic at concentrations higher than 25% in the case of Point 1, while the samples corresponding to Points 2 and 3 showed their phytotoxicity after 75%. The results show the need to use a wider battery that includes other biomodels in addition to subchronic and chronic tests.

The search for natural sources to produce organic fertilizer, even when they are waste products, constitutes a sustainable environmental solution as well as efficient for the organoleptic quality in crops yield. The aim of this study was to experimentally produce organic fertilizer by means of household and market solid biowaste to improve the biomass of Solanum tuberosum L. Residues of purple corn, barley, eggshells, bananas, potatoes and avocado seeds were collected from January to December 2017. Th e residues were dried at room temperature (72-96 h) and then ground for mixing until pulverization of fl our was obtained. Th e characterization was based on 100 g: 25% of purple corn, 25% of barley, 5% of eggshell, 20% of banana peel, 10% of potato skin and 15% of seed of avocado. The multi-component mixture was used as an organic fertilizer applying to S. tuberosum cultured soils. When comparing two groups of treatments withoutorganic fertilizer and with organic fertilizer, the results indicated that there were statistically signifi cant diff erences (p <0.05) in the biomass (g) (269.012 ± 1.70 and 274.88 ± 0.76). It was concluded that, under experimental conditions, a significant biomass of S. tuberosum was obtained from the composition and mixture of bio-waste that was used for the preparation and application of organic fertilizer.

Every recognizable and competitive result is based on interactive cognitive actions so that universities base their social responsibility on the dynamics of professional recognition and its realization in research projects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the collaborative communication of teamwork as a key indicator in scientific research. Three general questions were asked: 1st) Who knows what you do to the ones you know?, 2nd) Who of you recognizes the scientific knowledge about what you do to the ones you know? and 3rd) How many of you recognize the scientific contribution of those who recognize your scientific work? The questions were indicated in three graduate training programs where the low percentage of recognition interpreting possible difficulties on the scientific policy was measured; for this, the Likert-type scale technique was applied where 4 aspects were considered: 1st) institutional research culture, 2nd) explicit commitment of decision makers, 3rd) functional association between research areas and 4th) facilitation of means of communication for the informative update, being little valued the scientifi c policy on the part of the teachers. The number of multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary projects related to water pollution in the HuacachinaLagoon was analyzed and total absence was observed. It was concluded that there were limitations in the collaborative communication of teamwork, influencing visibility and impacts in scientific research, recognizing the need to move from individual to collective thinking.