Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This work evaluated the socio-environmental vulnerability to the occurrence of landslides in the Paraiba Valley Metropolitan Region, São Paulo state, through the construction of environmental and socioeconomic indices, aiming at the creation of a synthetic index called the General Vulnerability Index (GVI). Indicators obtained in the Demographic Census (2010) from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. The rainfall data and the records of landslides (1990-2016) were obtained at the National Water Agency. The statistical method of Principal Components Analysis to obtain an indicator that represented the relationship between precipitation and landslides. Based on these indicators, the environmental (EVI) and social vulnerability indexes (SVI) were constructed, providing the GVI. In the results, a very high vulnerability index value can be observed in Campos do Jordão and Natividade da Serra regions, due to the contribution of rainfall-landslide and socioeconomic indicators, respectively.

Urban gardens bring social and food benefits, but air pollutants are harmful to health. So the question arises: Are garden foods safe? To this end, this study analyzed the green-leaf lettuce, the most consumed one in the state of São Paulo and a bioindicator of toxic metals. The study was conducted from August to October 2018, in an urban garden on the roof of a large shopping mall in the city of São Paulo, surrounded by heavy vehicular traffic. Two treatments were used: open-air cultivation (T1) and cultivation in a greenhouse with air control (T2), with 9 replicates each. After 60 days, the mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn in the samples were quantified, which did not exceed the maximum limits recommended by ANVISA. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that lettuces grown in an urban garden presented no risk to human health and the greenhouse with air control (T2) reduced the Zn content in lettuces.

Oil exploration involves high pollution potential activities that may impair water, soil and air quality and, consequentially, the quality of life of living beings. The world’s energetic dependence on this industry causes high exposure to environmental disasters in explored areas, which makes the intensification of researches in this field to be urgent. This review aims to identify studies on the deleterious effects on the environment and health of populations in oil spill disaster areas. The results show a relation between the exposure of individuals to oil spills and the consequent emergence of physical, psychological, genotoxic and endocrine effects on them. However, it is still necessary to develop in-depth studies aimed at establishing acute and chronic levels of contamination and their effects on human health, as well as strict processes environmental safety protocols, justified by the relatively high frequency of this type of disaster.

Neste trabalho, realizaram-se a produção e a caracterização do biodiesel comóleos unitários e misturas binárias. As amostras foram caracterizadas segundoas resoluções da Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis(ANP) e com base nas técnicas de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN ¹H)e por cromatografia gasosa (CG). Todos os biodieseis produzidos possuemmassa específica e viscosidade cinemática em conformidade com as normasda ANP. Por meio da RMN, foi possível obter o rendimento da reação de cadaóleo. O biodiesel produzido com óleo unitário de algodão apresentou o menorrendimento (79,50%), porém a mistura binária de óleo de coco e algodãoteve o maior rendimento (93,16%). Verificou-se que a adição de óleo de cocoa qualquer mistura binária ocasiona aumento no rendimento da produção debiodiesel. Por intermédio da CG, foi possível observar quais ácidos predominamnos biodieseis produzidos e como essa predominância está relacionada aosóleos utilizados. No biodiesel de palma, constatou-se o predomínio dos ácidospalmítico e oleico. No biodiesel de óleo de coco os ácidos predominantes foramo láurico e o mirístico, e no biodiesel do óleo de coco e algodão os ácidos emmaior quantidade foram o láurico e o oleico. No biodiesel de algodão os ácidosprincipais foram o oleico e o linoleico. Para a mistura soja e algodão foramencontrados os ácidos mirístico, palmítico, esteárico, oleico e linoleico, e para amistura soja e coco, em sua maioria, os ácidos láurico, palmítico, oleico e linoleico.

O presente trabalho objetivou propor uma metodologia de cálculo de índicede vulnerabilidade socioambiental (IVSA) para áreas que tenham passado porum processo de regularização fundiária em área urbana. Com base no índicede vulnerabilidade social do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)e abordando questões sociais, econômicas, jurídicas e ambientais, o IVSAconstitui-se na integração de cinco componentes: índice de infraestruturaurbana, índice de capital humano, índice de renda e trabalho, índicejurídico e índice de meio ambiente e saúde. Os valores dos indicadores eíndices variam entre 0,1 (baixo grau de vulnerabilidade) e 1 (alto grau devulnerabilidade), e a aplicação dessa metodologia possibilita avaliar seo trabalho de regularização fundiária realizado em um espaço atingiu amelhoria de aspectos não somente fundiários, mas também nos aspectosestudados pelo IVSA, enfatizando a importância dessas ferramentas paraguiar a alocação de recursos e a formulação e implementação de políticaspúblicas mais adequadas ao espaço estudado.

A expansão das fronteiras agrícolas tem promovido o aumento de áreascultivadas e uso de agrotóxicos, e inquietações quanto ao destino destestem sido manifestadas, sobretudo pela exposição a que são submetidos oscorpos hídricos. Admitindo-se a preocupação, objetivou-se avaliar o graude toxicidade, determinado pelo uso dos agrotóxicos glifosato, atrazina eimidacloprido, em organismos indicadores de qualidade da água. Para isso,realizaram-se testes de sensibilidade e definitivos empregando-se dafinídeos(Daphnia magna). Os testes de sensibilidade apresentaram concentraçãoefetiva (CE50) de 0,77 mg.L-1, atestando sua utilização e o preconizado pelaISO 6341. Para os testes definitivos e concentrações testadas, foi encontradaCE50 para o glifosato de 27,4 mg.L-1, para a atrazina CE50 de 8,1 mg.L-1 e parao imidacloprido 217,1 mg.L-1. Como efeito deletério, observou-se que, apósos testes, os organismos imóveis apresentaram deformações nas carapaçase no tubo digestivo. Entre as propriedades mais agressivas dos agrotóxicos,destacou-se sua miscibilidade.

This comparative study tried to analyze whether the predictions of theIntegrated Environmental Assessment (IEA) of the Tocantins River BasinHydroelectric Plants were realized in the medium term, from 2006 to 2015.Were considered the potential scenarios regarding the socioeconomics of themunicipalities of Palmeirópolis, Paranã, Peixe and São Salvador do Tocantins,Tocantins State, Brazil, directly impacted by the Peixe Angical and São SalvadorHydroelectric Power Plants (HPP). As methodology was used the contentanalysis of IEA and analysis of socioeconomic data of the municipalitiesinvestigated. The results indicate that the predicted socioeconomic scenarioswere partially achieved, especially with the increase in municipal revenue.However, other socioeconomic indicators revealed an index of economic andsocial development in the municipalities not corresponding to the forecastscontemplated in the basin planning study.

Nowadays, environmental services related to agroforestry systems are based on qualitative status. However, to occur the consolidation of payment of environmental services (PSE), factors that conditioning SAFs must be characterized. This study was carried out to evaluate if the individual biomass of coffee plants is affect by AFs characterized by distinctive management and design of Arabic coffee plants and grevilleas, in addition to checking the possibility of adjustment of allometric equations to estimate coffee dried biomass. The assay was carried out at coffee fields (Coffea arabica L.) associated with grevilleas (Grevillea robusta A. Cunn.) under conventional and organic management, situated at Planalto da Conquista and Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. From the biomass determination by destructive method of simple separation, estimation equations of individual biomass of coffee plants were established. It was concluded that the management system conventional or organic have minor impact to carbon and biomass accumulation when compared to coffee plants density and grevillea arrangement. The lower coffee plant density is a factor that determine the superiority of individual biomass stocks. Coffee plants density and grevillea arrangement are factor that determine different allometric models to coffee plants biomass estimation.

Se presentan los resultados de la utilización de en conjunto de Sistemas Información Geográfica (SIG) sumados a criterios de protección de recursos hídricos para realizar un análisis en la microcuenca del río Tabacay y de que manera las actividades antrópicas han afectado la calidad y cantidad del agua. La zona de análisis tiene sensibilidad e importancia elevadas pues representa el lugar donde se genera el agua para la población de la ciudad de azogues, además se ha visto altamente alterada por actividades agropecuarias.Se parte de la recolección de datos mediante un inventario ambiental, en donde se identifican las acciones que se realizan en el suelo de la microcuenca y que podrían producir efectos de contaminación. Se analiza zonas de actividades y su afección al recurso hídrico con el uso de las bondades que tienen los SIG para poder identificar zonas en las cuales sean necesarias las acciones de protección. Además, se han utilizado resultados de imágenes satelitales para obtener el cambio que ha sufrido la vegetación de la microcuenca en el criterio de índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada, así se ha obtenido el área que ha sufrido afecciones en un período de análisis.

The Jipijapa canton is crossed by a mountainous system that is part of the Ecuadorian coastal mountain range. For this reason, it has irregular topography with very steep slopes. Consequently, the predominant agroforestry systems in the area (coffee-trees) grow in regions at risk of erosion and landslides. This project was aimed to identify both, the soil features and the actions that contribute to the improvement of soil management as well as to its conservation conditions in 17 coffee plantations located in different areas of this parish, which are at risk of erosion. Soil features were determined through the construction of 1.2 cubic meter trial pits. The main physical characteristics on each horizon were defined and complemented with the results of laboratory chemical analysis results corresponding to another research project that was carried out by UNESUM. Individual terraces were built in the coffee plantations as a strategy for soil conservation. Modified bocashi type compost and microbiological broth were made as management alternatives aimed to recover soil fertility in the 17 farms linked to the project. 41.2% of the soils were found to be deep (>100cm deep); 35.3% moderately deep soils (>60<100cm deep) and 23.5% shallow and very shallow soils. Regarding soils texture, it was determined that 76.5% have a frank tendency, with a slight predominance of clay loams, with 29.4%, which are considered suitable for agriculture.