Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: The design of a nursing-specific theory will support improving care from a gerontological-geriatric approach. Given the rise of the elderly population and the diverse pathological conditions that chronic pain triggers, this theory integrates physical-functional, cognitive-psychological and socio-family aspects, which support care with this theoretical approach. Objective: To construct a situation-specific theory that explains the phenomenon of the trajectory of the disease that causes chronic non-malignant pain in the elderly. Methodology and Materials: This was a five-stage theoretical study: 1) theoretical construction, 2) construction of principal concepts, 3) construction of the theoretical articulation, 4) construction of propositions and empirical indicators to establish causal relationships, and 5) construction of evidence for the nursing practice. Results: The antecedent is derived from Weiner and Dodd’s Nursing Trajectory theory. Four metaparadigm concepts and fourteen main concepts were described, a theoretical articulation was developed, eight propositions were constructed, and seven empirical indicators were developed to establish causal relationships that function as evidence for the practice. The scope of the theory and the implications for the nursing practice are also presented. Conclusion: This theory allows identifying the process and the necessary considerations to accompany an elderly person living with chronic non-malignant pain. It includes the organization, temporality, identity, and body as fundamental concepts. This theory’s proposal establishes a precedent to apply these concepts in gerontological-geriatric consultations and interventions.

Introduction: Life satisfaction (LS) and the quality of aging at work (QAW) influence occupational well-being, especially in age-diverse environments. The applied design provides insight into key factors that affect occupational well-being in adults, providing relevant knowledge for nursing practice. Objective: The objective is to analyze the explanatory percentage of the QAW on LS in working adults. Materials and Methods: An exploratory correlational design was used. The sample size was determined using the G Power® program (164 participants). Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 60 years, working in the formal or informal sector, and living in Mexico. A demographic profile, the LS Scale (á= 0.76) and the QAW Questionnaire (á= 0.90) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Spearman and a simple linear regression model) were used for analysis. Results: The mean age was 35.46 years, and the mean number of years worked was 8.64. The majority were women (58.1 %) and education workers (31.7 %). A relationship was found between LS and quality of aging at work (r= 6.36, p<0.001). Quality of aging at work explained 30 % of LS (F=69.322, R2= .30, p= .000). Conclusion: The quality of aging at work influences LS, which provides useful data for developing occupational health policies and designing nursing interventions that promote a healthy environment and improve workers’ well-being.

Introduction: The diagnosis of childhood cancer is a challenging and frightening moment for children and their families. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of using a board game on the frequency and efficacy of the coping strategies of children with cancer and learn more about the perception of the coping strategies used in the game by these children. Material and Methods: This convergent mixed method involved 35 children (aged 8-12), diagnosed with cancer for at least one month and undergoing outpatient chemotherapy treatment. The intervention used a validated board game for children with cancer. Quantitatively, a quasi-experimental study was conducted, and data collection was performed before and after the intervention using the Kidcope instrument and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitatively, participant observation and semi-structured interviews complemented Kidcope data, analyzed via content analysis. Results: The frequency and effectiveness of the coping strategies, self-assessed by the children, increased from 5.91 pre-intervention to 6.63 post-intervention; the mean effectiveness increased from 5.91 to 9.49 (p<0.001), respectively. Among the types of strategies, there was an increase in the mean use of avoidance and active coping strategies (p=0.001). When evaluating the qualitative data, the children revealed that they try to believe that everything will be fine and not think negatively since the game made them understand that not everything was lost. Conclusion: The game had a positive effect on the frequency and effectiveness of coping strategies used by children with cancer. The child’s interaction with the game helps to reframe the experience.

Introduction: Dysfunctional family processes are associated with negative outcomes in the school performance of children and adolescents, as well as in behavioral and health aspects of their lives. Objective: To develop the nursing process in the care of the families of Nursing students. Materials and Methods: Through a descriptive study, families were assessed using family health instruments (genogram, family APGAR, and ecomap). The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association domain assessment taxonomy, the nursing intervention classification, and the nursing outcome classification were then used for diagnosing, developing and implementing a care plan according to their needs. Results: A total of 101 families were assessed with an average of 3.6 ± 1.1 persons per family, of which 71.3% resided in Cali. Most of the families were nuclear (84.1%), and the most frequent life cycle was expansion (58.4%). The most frequent nursing diagnosis was dysfunctional family processes, with a perception of family dysfunction being around 39.6%; it was identified that as the family moves forward through the successive stages of the life cycle, the members’ perception of family dysfunction increases (p = 0.0176). Another diagnosis was impaired social interaction. The nursing care plan included family support, promotion of family unity, empowerment of socialization, and social skills. Conclusions: The nursing process for the care of families was developed; families expressed satisfaction with the process and willingness to strengthen their self-care based on the tools received.

Introduction: Experiences with the use of nursing care plan (NCP) software and the content requirements for software designed for individualized nursing care plans for cardiovascular patients must be identified to generate a computing tool focused on the needs of cardiovascular nursing professionals in practice. Objective: To identify the experiences of nursing professionals with the use of NCP software and the content requirements that the software for individualized nursing care plans (INCPs) for cardiovascular patients should have for its development. Materials and Methods: A qualitative, phenomenological study conducted in a tertiary care unit in Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, adhering to the planning phase of the SCRUM methodology’s testing process, with a sample of 11 cardiovascular nursing professionals selected through non-random, purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, interpreted using interpretive phenomenology. Results: The categories of nursing professionals’ experiences with the use of ECE software and the software requirements were identified, with subcategories related to hardware: practicality and design, interfaces, use of artificial intelligence, and expected benefits of the software. Conclusions: The experiences of nursing professionals regarding the use of ECP software and the content requirements of ECP software for cardiovascular patients were identified, providing the basis for its development.

Introduction: Advanced age is one of the most prevalent predisposing factors in cases of delirium, particularly in older patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Due to population aging and demographic transition, this study presents a specific sample analysis of a population subgroup. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of delirium in older patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit and to verify correlations with clinical and sociodemographic predictor variables. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the countryside of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between July and November 2023. Older people aged 60 years or older (according to Brazilian law) and hospitalized for at least 24 hours were included. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) was used to screen sedation levels, and the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) was used to assess delirium. Results: The sample consisted of 83 older patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The prevalence rate of delirium was 36.1 %, with a strong association with the predictor “use of mechanical restraint in bed”. Multivariate analysis showed that the use of mechanical restraint in bed increases the odds of delirium in older people by 21.5 times (OR = 21.542; 95 % CI: 6.663-69.641). Conclusions: Reducing the use of mechanical restraint, adequately monitoring sedation, and preventing delirium are essential strategies for reducing healthcare costs and providing a more humane experience for patients and their families.

Introduction: Understanding the concept of sexuality in older people can facilitate the determination of expanded health care, since it is a human dimension that is still underestimated in relation to biological determinants. Objective: To map publications on the concept of sexuality in older people in varying contexts. Materials and Methods: This is a scoping review, conducted between September and November 2023, following the JBI method, using the PRISMA-ScR flowchart. The descriptors “aged,” “elderly,” “sexual health,” and “sexuality” were applied to primary studies with quantitative, qualitative, or mixed designs whose approach addressed the concept of sexuality in older people in varying contexts; without time limitation; published in Spanish, English, and Portuguese; available in full and online. Review studies were not included. The analysis was narrative and comparative synthesis of the included studies. Results: A total of 1,529 studies were identified, of which 731 were duplicates. Thus, 798 studies remained for analysis, of which 714 were excluded. Among the 84 studies read in full, 23 were included in this review. Conclusions: A minimized or non-existent understanding of sexuality in old age is evident in varying contexts. It is urgent to reflect on this issue to promote more inclusive and sensitive training in healthcare practices among professionals, to facilitate the provision of care for the sexuality of older people. The limitations of the study relate to the fragility of understanding the concept of sexuality in older people, beyond physiological aspects, as well as the absence of scientific publications that support health institutions and the training of teams in the implementation of daily care practices.

Introduction: Stigma towards people with mental disorders hinders access to and the quality of healthcare globally. Reducing this situation among healthcare professionals requires specific interventions. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-stigma intervention program for patients with mental disorders at a CESFAM in Biobío. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, analytical, pre-experimental, and longitudinal study was conducted with 40 healthcare professionals selected using stratified random sampling. Participants with more than one year of experience, direct contact with users, and who had attended at least one workshop were included. Those with justified absenteeism from work were excluded. The WHO-HC questionnaire was administered in January 2024 (pre-intervention) and June 2024 (post-intervention). The educational intervention was conducted between March and June 2024. Student’s T-test, Wilcoxon’s W test, ANOVA, Games-Howell post-hoc tests, and Spearman’s Rho coefficient were used for the analysis. Results: The sample consisted predominantly of women (72.5 %) and professionals aged 30-39 (45 %). The mean questionnaire score was 46.2 (SD ± 8.30) at pre-intervention, remaining unchanged at post-intervention (SD ± 9.4). No statistically significant differences were found in the post-intervention questionnaire. Conclusion: No reduction in stigma was evident after the intervention. Differences in stigmatizing attitudes were observed based on age and social class, indicating an increase in stigmatizing attitudes associated with years of service; this suggests the use of more targeted approaches to address the problem.

Introduction: This study presents the research on health improvement in people with chronic cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and type II diabetes, using a salutogenic approach. Unlike other studies, it incorporates the asset-based community development (ABCD) model, which prioritizes community resources and collective collaboration, rather than focusing solely on conventional medical care. Objective: To identify gaps, assets, and challenges in the care of these diseases from the perspective of patients and healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 12 patients from community associations who had hypertension and/or type II diabetes, and 8 healthcare professionals selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the ABCD model, which promotes social networking and collective action. Methodological rigor was ensured through data triangulation and specialist validation. Results: The data analysis enabled the creation of a map of community assets, identifying key actors and their interactions. The ABCD model was used to understand how community resources influence care and the capacity for collective action. Among the challenges encountered, the lack of collaboration between patients and healthcare professionals, misinformation regarding care options, and inequality in access to healthcare services, particularly in rural areas, stand out. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of the ABCD model in strengthening community networks and improving care processes, especially in rural and neglected communities.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that impacts the quality of life of adolescents and their families, and its management requires changes and adjustments to their lifestyle. Whittemore and Roy's adaptation theory provides a framework for understanding this process, as it focuses on how individuals respond to health challenges through adaptation, with particular emphasis on education and family support. Nursing plays a key role in applying this perspective to promote self-care and autonomy, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach in settings such as schools, clinical care, and households.