Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Greater demand for food and the scarcity of natural resources reinforce the importance of research at universities and the transfer of their technologies to firms, particularly in the case of crops. In this context, the general aim of this study is to analyze the alignment of the object and means of university-firm technology transfer in Brazilian and American agriculture schools. The research is qualitative in nature, with multiple case studies of two American universities and a Brazilian university, selected using criteria such as excellence, accessibility and technological similarities. Among the results and contributions to the field, the innovations that were generated and the identification of the differences and similarities in formal and informal processes of university-firm technology transfer may be highlighted.

Title: IT impact on small and medium enterprises ¿is its effect moderate by intensity of IT use of industry?This article aims to demonstrate that the impact of information technology (IT), on organizational performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), varies according to the intensity level of IT use of industry. For this we use microdata from the Second Longitudinal Survey of Business (ELE2), through which we established variables of intensity of IT use and organizational performance. Then, using X-Means we define indicators of intensity of IT use in SMEs and industries. The results showed that the intensity of IT use has positive effects on SMEs. Also, prove that the effects of the intensity of transactional IT use on performance, varies according to level of IT use of industry.

Lignans are secondary metabolites with diverse chemical structure, and are frequent in food grains. A lignan rich diet have a positive health impact over chronic diseases and protection against certain types of cancer. To enhance the intake of lignans the addition of this compound in processed food could be a solution, so the best approach is to find a source of lignans, especially one that is discarded as waste. In the olive oil production there is a large volume of phytotoxic waste generated, among these is the olive stone (OS), that it is generally burned for fuel. It has been reported the presence of lignans in olive stones extracted with methanol reflux.Three extraction methods for lignans and polyphenolic compounds were assessed: solid-liquid ultrasound assisted extraction with basic hydrolysis, methanolic extraction with Soxhlet, and CO2 supercritical fluid extraction with methanol as a modifier. The determination of lignan content in OS samples were evaluated by HPLC with a core shell C18 column and the detection was in tandem with DAD and MS/MS. The extracts were also evaluated in their antioxidant capacity with ABTS, CUPRAC and ORAC assays and total polyphenol concentration.The aim of this work is to evaluate different methods to extract lignans from OS discarded from the olive oil industry. The main lignan identified in OS extract was pinoresinol. The SFE method to extract pinoresinol was more efficient than Soxhlet and ultrasound assisted solid liquid extractions, producing a higher amount of pinoresinol in the extract in less time and with less amount of co-extracted interferents. The extract produced with Soxhlet had a higher antioxidant capacity.

In areas with agricultural activity, the excessive use of pesticides can contaminate water resources. That is why a multi-residue method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (GS-MS) was used to determine eleven pesticides and five degradation products in surface water of Central Chile. The parameters that can affect the efficiency of the SPE process were optimized considering the information available in bibliography. As in other studies, the best results were obtained when 500 mL of water was pre-concentrated using Oasis HLB polymer cartridges and acetone and acetonitrile were used as solvents for the elution. To ensure good quantification, matrix-matched standards were used, providing good linearity in the studied concentration range (0.10-1.5 μg L-1), with recovery percentages > 60%, precisions < 19% and quantification limits < 0.1 μg L-1. The surface water samples were collected at the end of summer and winter seasons, considering rivers, creeks and irrigation canals of Cachapoal River basin. A percentage > 87% of the pesticides analyzed in this research were detected in more than one sampled site in both seasons. The most ubiquitous compounds were desethylterbuthylazine (DET), pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and diazinon, and the compounds detected in highest concentration were simazine and degradation products derived from triazines. Las Cabras and Tahuilla irrigation canals presented the highest concentrations of pesticides. Significant differences were found in the total concentration of pesticides for sites sampled at the end of the summer and winter season.

A novel 1- naphthalene sulfonic acid (1-NS) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated stir bar for sorptive extraction of four naphthalene sulfonates (NSs) from seawater samples was prepared. 1-NS was applied as template molecule. The extraction conditions, including pH, the absorption and desorption times, stirring speed, amount of NaCl and temperature were optimized and the optimum conditions were established as: the absorption and desorption times were fixed respectively at 10 and 15 min, stirring speed was 600 rpm, pH was adjusted to 4.1, amount of NaCl was 1 mol L-1 and extraction process was performed at a temperature of 45 0C. The linear ranges were 5-250 μg L-1 for 3, 6-NDS-1-OH (1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid), 2-NS (2-naphthalene sulfonate) and 1-NS and 10- 250 μg L-1 for 5-NH2-1-NS (5-Amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid). The detection limits were within the range of 1.20- 2.97 μg L-1. Under the optimum conditions, with the enrichment factor of the NSs were 27, 10, 14 and 7 fold for 2-NS, 1-NS, 3, 6- NDS-1-OH and 5-NH2-1-NS respectively. The RSDs was within 1–9.4%. The method is very suitable for the determination of naphthalene sulfonates (NSs) in seawater samples.

Ion exchange resins based on the water-insoluble polymers poly(acrylamide-co-styrene sodium sulfonate) (P(AAm-co-ESS)), poly(2-acrylamide-2-methyl- 1-propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylicacid) (P(APSA-co-AAc)),poly(2-acrylamidoglycolic acid-co-2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) (P(AAGA-co- APSA)), and poly(2-acrylamidoglycolic acid-co-4-styrene sodium sulfonate) (P(AAGA-co-ESS)) were synthesized by radical polymerization. These polymers were employed to remove Cr(III) from an aqueous solution. The optimum sorption parameters of amount of resin and sorption time were obtained through batch-mode sorption tests. Following batch elution tests to identify the best eluting agent. Finally,the column-mode sorption/elution behaviors of ion exchange resins were studied.The ion exchange resins exhibited excellent removal of Cr(III). The P(AAGA-co-APSA) resin exhibited 89.4% removal, while P(AAGA-co-ESS) displayed 88.3%, P(AAm-co-ESS) 86.8%, and P(APSA-co-AAc) 89.3%. The column-mode was studied by theP(AAGA-co-APSA) resingave a breakthrough capacity of 1.5 mg Cr(III)/mL resin in the first cycle. The elution efficiency was almost 100%. The breakthrough capacity was 1.2 mg Cr(III)/mL resin in the second cycle. The elution efficiency was 90.2% in the second cycle.

Total phenolic substance, flavonol amounts, antioxidant capacity and antiradical activity values of Karabaş thyme extract were determined as 74.52-163.10mg GAE/g,773.62-1006.69 μg RE /g, IC50=572.60-1035.6 μg/ml and 42.31-101.52mg/ g AAE, respectively.Total phenolic contents and amounts of flavonols of S.cuneifolia were found between 121.17 and 198.93mg GAE/g and 1050.17-1562.21 μg RE/g found and maximum amounts was obtained with U3 application. The total phenolic substance, flavonoid amounts, antioxidant capacity and antiradical activity of black thyme extracts values were found between 82.97 and 115.09mgGAE/g,657.68-999.44 μgRE /g,IC50=388.24-701.23μg / mland91.14-123.34mg AAE/ g, respectively. Total amount of phenolic substance of S.hortensis was found low quantities in all extracts, highest amount obtained with U3 application71.13mgGAE/g.The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid amounts of C.capitatus were found between 104.94 mgGAE/ g and 568.32 μgRE /g, respectively.

An amidoxime containing 2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole derivative, 4-(1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-benzamidine, was synthesized by conversion of nitrile group of previously synthesized 2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole by treatment with hydroxylamine under alkaline solution. Characterization of both compounds was carried out by using UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopic technique. Its photophysical behavior was compared in methanol and DMSO under basic condition.

Two coordination complexes, Co(HIMC)2(H2O)2 (1) and Co(H2IMDC)2(H2O)2 (2), were synthesized by mixing the complex precursor Cobalt(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate (Co(hfacac)2) with 1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid (H2IMC) and 1H-imidazole-4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid (H3IMDC) ligands.These compounds have been isolated as neutral, air and thermal stable solid and have been characterized by FT-IR and powder X-Ray diffraction analysis. The thermal stability and magnetic properties were studied in the solid state.Compounds (1) and (2) are mononuclear complexes, where the cobalt ions adopt an distorted octahedral geometry. At low temperature they exhibit a weak antiferromagnetic interaction. The contribution of the angular momentum to the magnetic moment as well as intermolecular interactions were taken into consideration for the quantitative modeling of their magnetic properties.

The simultaneous determination of phenol, cresol, polyphenol and their degradation products was important to evaluate the biodegradability of real wastewater. In the present study a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of phenol (PhOH), o-cresol (o-C), p-cresol (p-C), hydroquinone (HQ), benzoquinone (BQ), catechol (CTL), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBZO) and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-BZAL). The developed method was successfully applied to quantitative analysis of these compounds in raw and treated wastewater by CWAO. The highly toxic compounds, HQ and BQ, were totally removed; whereas 52.5% of PhOH, 59.4% of o-C and 57.7% of p-C in coking wastewater were degraded by CWAO over activated carbon catalyst. The degradation products including low-toxicity p-BZAL and p-HBZO were detected in the treated wastewater. The pH of wastewater was important to avoid generation of highly toxic compounds. CWAO using activated carbon as catalyst was feasible for pretreatment of coking wastewater. The established HPLC method was also used to simultaneously analyze phenols in other wastewater.