Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study was carried out in the locality of Tisma, department of Masaya, the purpose of this study was to generate information on the agronomic performance of 12 cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) produced in open field. The experimental design used was a preliminary test with no repetitions. The data collected was analyzed by obtaining mean, standard deviation and relative yield. The information of ten fruit characters was recorded, seven of them were quantitative (number of fruit per plant, fruit polar diameter, equatorial fruit diameter, fruit weight, yield, number of cores and brix) and three qualitative (fruit shape, color of ripe fruit and color intensity in mature fruit). All cultivars had different means and standard deviations. The AVTO1004 and AVTO1023 cultivars showed better yields than cultivar Shanty

The end of the agricultural frontier in Nicaragua means the end of the availability of land to increase extensive agricultural production, which, from 1950 until now, is the main base of the Nicaraguan economy. The objective of this study was to describe the process of destruction of natural resources in the agricultural frontier and to explain the social mechanism that led to this situation. In the research process, bibliography dating from 1950 was reviewed, quantitative data from national and international institutions were used in comparative form and quantitative and qualitative variables were used to explain the phenomenon and make scientific predictions. The thesis presented, shows that the depletion of available land, combined with the serious effects of climate change on the availability of water, leads to Nicaragua for the first time in its history, in an economic imbalance and a possible serious social conflict. The proposal to avoid the crisis, is the alliance between producers, strata of the epistemic community and government, which allows to change the public policies of the state and establish a sustainable agroindustry for sustainable production, replacing the current agribusiness of oligopsonic cartel companies.

An experiment was conducted at Santa Rosa farm, National University of Agriculture in Managua, Nicaragua, located geographically at 12°08’15’’ north and 86°09’36’’ east, in order to evaluate the effect of seed´s weight and size of Moringa stenopetala on growth and development of seedlings in nursery conditions. A completely randomized design with 20 replication and were measured germination rate, survival rate, plant height, basal stem diameter, number of leaves and number of pinnae. Heavy and large seeds of M. stenopetala presented a higher germination rate (25%) and survival rate (100%) than light and small seeds, with 22 and 90.9%, respectively. Seedlings grown from heavy and large seed of M. stenopetala were statistically.

It was evaluated the effect of the partnership of H. rufa and P. maximun cv Tanzania with L. leucocephala and G. sepium in the availability of biomass and crude protein content (PC). The study was carried out in the property Santa María, La Chocolata, Rivas. The area was of 2 579.2 m2 divided into two plots with: three double rows of black and two G. sepium of L. leucocephala, with a distance of 7 m between alley, furrow between 1 m and 0.5 m between plants . The evaluation was carried out between 2009 and 2010 with seven cycles of grazing and frequency of 48 to 53 days of rest. The availability and botanical composition was made with the technique of double-sampling BOTANAL a day before grazing. Defined scales from 1 to 5 based on the percentage of cover, height, relationship stem-leaf (grass); cup diameter, height and number of sprouts (legume). The grass is short to 20 cm and 80 cm the legumes. For the dry matter is took a sample of 200 g and are dry for 72 h at 60 °C. It is performed an ANOVA for repeated measures and a linear regression. It was found that H. rufa is higher on tillering with 95.4 surpassing by more than 11% to Tanzania, however this last exceeded in diameter of tillers in over 16% to H. rufa. Tanzania contains 24% more than biomes that H. rufa and with the contribution of biomass of the legume is difference is 22.2%. L. leucocephala exceeds 90 % and 22% in availability of biomass to G. sepium in both pastures. In the contents of PC, Tanzania is above than 34% and 2.3 % in the edible and non-edible part respectively. Similarly L. leucocephala overcame 13 and 18% to G. sepium in two pastures.

The creole pig is a forgotten genetic resource, which at the moment is extremely threatened by the mestization of its genetic material with different specialized races. The present study was carried out with a total of 36 males and 57 females in the municipality of Nueva Guinea with the objective of characterizing the morphometric, phaneroptic, relationship of variables with sex and age and identifi cation of biotypes. Age and 12 morphological measures were determined, which were used to calculate 7 zoomometric indexes: cephalic (ICF), proportionality (IPD), body (ICP), chest depth (IPRP), thoracic (ITO), pelvic (IPV ), Thoracic metacarp (IMT), and phaneroptic characteristics in each individual. From the descriptive statistical analysis it was observed that the zoomometric measures evaluated reached a range of variation between 13.24% (LK) and 30.68% (DDE), reflecting that they are individuals with a high morphostructural variability. The regression analysis revealed that all body measurements are significantly related to age, but not with the variable sex that only presented positive relation with fi ve variables and in the total of the cases are not significant. With respect to zoomometric indexes, these pigs can be characterized as dolichocephalous (ICE = 42.51), longilineal (ICO = 98.75) and convexilineal (IPE), with a relatively deep trunk between the elliptic and cylindrical, reflecting values of coincident thoracic index With their condition of longils. In the phaneroptic characteristics, it is emphasized that these pigs predominate the layers and black mucous, body with abundant hair, absence of mamelles and syndactyly, with predominance of straight profiles. For the cluster analysis, four groups of animals were classified as having signifi cant differences between each of the morphometric variables evaluated. The results obtained allow us to know that they are individuals with high morphostructural variability and therefore it is diffi cult to do a zoomometric typing of the race, and on the other hand that the groups of individuals differentiated by cluster, even though they present statistically significant differences between the Different variables, cannot be considered as genetically differentiated biotypes, but rather a consequence of the environment, necessitating a treatment at a molecular level and not simply based on zootechnical measures.

With the aim to contribute to the scientific identification of Moringa oleifera Lam., reproductive material, was carried out a morphological characterization taking account the vegetative and reproductive structures as leaves and branches confi guration and, pods and seeds. The methodology were develop through observation fi eld and measurement of the structures during yield period at Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) plantation. The results registered shown values statically different in all variables between the samples, suggesting morphological differentiation.

In Nicaragua there are years of planning experience at the territorial levels, which are translate into challenges for action processes at the territories. The integral zoning of a territory has the purpose of schematize the territorial dynamics, and considers that in the division of space there are relatively homogeneous zones, but different from one another in relation to development problems. The last aspect can be used for the promotion, articulation and harmonization of visions in the face of territorial problems and their approach with local actors. The objective of the present work was to analyze the current situation of the Pochocuape territory and integrally zoning the community. The work transcends a simple inventory of resources in the different dimensions of development, but seeks to understand the logic of the location and spatial distribution of them, as well as the interrelations between the dimensions, to finish with the zoning of the community. The present study was descriptive and analytical, with quantitative approach. It had a sample of 230 households selected for convenience, and was carried out during May 2015. Taking into consideration the particular characteristics for zoning the region, it was identifi ed that despite the proximity to the urban area of district three, rurality still prevails. It was found, according to the dimensions proposed, that for environmental dimension there is a sub classifi cation in three zones, two zones for the social dimension and three for the economic. The environmental and the economic dimensions are coincident, and there is heterogeneity in the social domain.

The bioaccumulation of Zn in the endosperm of popular high consumption crops such as rice has great importance to solve nutritional problems. The present research consisted of different stages of evaluation-selection of advanced rice lines with high zinc content (nursery level, evaluation of advanced lines and multi-environmental evaluation). The experiments were established under irrigation and rainfed conditions in years 2014 and 2015, in the following locations: rice experimental center “TAI-NIC”, Jalapa, Posoltega, Masatepe, San Carlos, Pantasma and Dario. The experimental design was Unbalanced Uncomplete Blocks (Alpha Latice). Agronomic performance data (days to maturity, plant height, tillering, panicle length, grain weight, yield), grain quality and zinc content in the polished grain were measured by X-ray fluorescence (FRX) methodology. Four genotypes that combine desirable agronomic, industrial and nutritional characteristics were selected. A positive relationship was established between the amount of zinc available in the soil and the amount of zinc found in polished grain. Significant differences were determined between genotypes, environments and genotype * environment interaction. Genotypes that exhibit a broad adaptive behavior and genotypes with specific adaptation for each agro climatic and management condition were selected. Two mega-environments with genotypes in common were identifi ed. The first genotype, IR31917-45-3-2-1-1SR-5-M (T4), was formed by Pantasma and Jalapa sites. The second mega-environment was formed by Masatepe and San Carlos sites, with the genotype CT18504-4-5-3Vi-2-3P (T14). In the unique environments of Posoltega and Darío the best genotypes were IR75870-5-8-5-B-2-B- 1SR-8-M (T6) for the first and CT19298- (100) -1-2-3- 1-4MP (T1) for the second. The variable that most influenced the production was days to maturity, confirming the tendency that at a longer cycle, there is higher yield; and panicle length.

Polycultures play an important role in the biodiversity of agroecosystems, they promote ecological services such as nutrient cycling, biological control of pests, diseases and weeds, increased biomass production, soil and water conservation, improvement physical-chemistry soil properties, reduced toxicity by avoiding the over use of pesticides. This study was conducted in the municipality of Tisma, Masaya in the farm “El Chagüite” in the months of September to November 2014, in order to compare two planting systems, monoculture and polyculture, on the population of pests and benefi cial arthropods; as well as the severity of the attack of broad mite in sweet pepper. For the development of this research, four experimental plots were arranged; one with the arrangement of sweet pepper, corn, cassava, quequisque, and tomato; the other three were established in monoculture of sweet pepper, corn and tomato respectively. The weekly evaluated variables were, the population incidence of pests and beneficial arthropods present in the culture of sweet pepper. Broad mites incidence and severity present in the cultivation of sweet pepper were also recorded. Additionally, the production of sweet pepper, corn, and tomato were harvested in order to calculate the land equivalent ratio (LER). A general trend of lower occurrence of pests, lower population density of white mite, higher population density of beneficial arthropods and better land use per unit area in polyculture planting system was observed.

The study of nine advanced genotypes of rice and two commercial varieties was conducted at the experimental center of rice of ANAR at the Santa Rita Farm located in Sebaco, Matagalpa with the aim of assessing genotypes with higher potential yield and excellent agronomic and industrial characteristics. The experimental plots were stablished on July 10, 2014 and harvested since November 17th to November 19th of 2014. A BCA design was used with tree replications. The ANDEVA and Tukey 5% mean comparison test was applied using SAS software 9.1. The rice plants of line 246 and the variety ANAR 97 presented certain index of felt down and the lines 18 and 20 presented a moderate length of excursion facilitating the grain of rice plants. The remainder or rice lines did not present any felt down and showed a good length excersion. From the nine studied lines, six presented the highest productivity, also higher than ANAR 97 and ANAR 470 where the yield of paddy rice found was between 6121 kg/ha and 6818 kg/ha. These six lines can be tested in the future regional experiments. The line 248, presented the highest yield of white rice, the higher percentage of complete rice grain and the better relationship between good grain rice and broken grain rice.