Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In Argentina, Compulsory Secondary Schooling (CSS) is a component of the National Education Law No. 26.206 enacted in 2006, and it is translated into a set of intervention strategies designed by the national government and the provincial governments. This paper aims at analyzing policies oriented to educational and social inclusion, which are translated into plans, programs, and projects that are enacted (Ball et al., 2012) at schools. Speeches given and texts produced by the Federal Council of Education in 2003 and subsequent years were revised. Then, plans, programs, and projects designed within the CSS framework were identified, and the enactment of these social and educational policies in different provinces of Argentina was approached by recovering local and own investigations. Finally, some conflicts related to management by projects were addressed, as a constant variable in CSS policies, promoted in the school every day and over the challenge of ensuring the democratization of compulsory schooling.

The objective of this research is to observe the impact that the use of educational software with educational strategies within the field of academic aptitude concerning the numerical, verbal and abstract reasoning in education, considering the cognitive theory of instructional design of Robert Gagné, which fosters the development skills and learning skills. It was worked with 175 students in the last year of high school of four educational units in Riobamba city, were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the research, with similar to those applied for college entrance tests. As a result of the investigation it was observed that 155 students increased their score after preparation with the developed software, representing an increase of 94.12% in the score obtained, which allows the conclusion that computer technologies are tools to support the development of academic skills.

This article presents the following objective: Analyze the practices that hinder the processes of didactic transposition that teachers develop in the classroom in schools located in vulnerable contexts of the commune of Curacautín de la Araucanía. For this posed a descriptive qualitative design based on grounded theory and method constant comparative. The study subjects were 28 teachers of rural schools. The data collection techniques were ethnographic observation and semi-structured interviews. Study results indicate that among the practices impeding the didactic transposition rigid planning models teaching are evident, the teaching strategy that is imposed on the process of classroom teaching is expository class that focuses on teaching, with a focus on the vertical. At the same time, a weak management of the disciplinary and pedagogical domain of the content is visualized. The evaluation process does not focus on continuity, and on improving the learning process. In addition, lack of pedagogical leadership is displayed. Therefore it is concluded that the processes of didactic transposition have a behavioral orientation and decontextualized. In this regard, teachers are expected to break with the traditional way of teaching to facilitate the processes of didactic transposition based on contextualized strategies and teaching resources to improve the teaching-learning, and thus provoke social transformations in contexts of vulnerable.

The objective of this work is to contribute to the identification of the competencies that professionals in the field of administration and finance in Latin America and the Caribbean require to move towards a knowledge-based economy. A quantitative and qualitative methodological fusion is carried out to study a sample composed of 74 participants from Ecuador. Based on the Model of Analysis of the Environment, the Likert Questionnaire for the Self-assessment of the Professional Profile and the Table of Competencies for Professional Development in a Knowledge-Based Economy have been developed. The results allow identifying the progress reached by the participants and the routes to follow. It is concluded that the competences to be strengthened in the group studied are: Coordination for knowledge management; commitment to contribute to the improvement of the company; communication to enhance the exchange of knowledge; creativity and initiative to innovate products, services and processes; manage workload capacity; understanding of the architecture of the organization; use of ICT in business management; environmental management and vision of global sustainability, and availability to obtain international accreditations.

The text evaluates the relevance of understanding the characteristics of the educational reform in Chile, in continuity with the idea of a paradigm shift in public policy in education. In this sense, the article points out the importance of the student mobilizations of 2006 and 2011, headed by secondary and tertiary level students, respectively, as critical social instances on the basis of the generation of such change. The notion of "paradigm", coined by Kuhn, serves as a heuristic concept that allows to explain the phenomena and their impact. In relation to this objective, the situation is analyzed of the Chilean educational policy in order to account for its main lines of action. These axes show a state of crisis, as well as the need to solve it. However, the eventuality of reaching a solution to the difficulties of the sector collides with the starting point by which explanations are formulated about why the Chilean educational system presents these features. This is what is called a "neoliberal draw" and is what in our opinion, requires a change in standards of rationality.

The main objective of this research is to describe the pedagogical practices and the attitudes that teachers have towards the students participation. For this, an ex post facto descriptive study has been developed with 177 teachers belonging to Secondary Education High Schools of four Autonomous Communities of Spain. The research focuses on three aspects of the participation practices that teachers develop: the selection of content to teach, the teaching strategies to be carried out and the assessment of learning. The results suggest that teachers allow students to participate mainly in the selection of teaching strategies but very little in assessment or selection of content. In addition, among the three participation practices analyzed, the option most chosen by the teachers is to inform the students in advance of what is going to be carried out during the classes. On the other hand, very few teachers claim to give space to the consensus or the implication of these.

This work represents an approach to the situation of Mexican secondary education, which has, in recent decades, been experiencing a tension between expanding coverage for all adolescents in age of studying it, and the educational gap, characterized by several indicators such as desertion, failure, grade repetition, and age discrepancy, among others. Regarding poverty and inequality, the Mexican government must deal with the challenge of continuing to expand coverage in order to ensure equitable access to the level and improving quality through educational and social policies that can bring about substantial advances in this direction.

Dibujar es una actividad que fomenta el pensamiento y el desarrollo de habilidades en el campo morfológico como la histología. Por este motivo, se llevó a cabo un estudio correlacional y descriptivo, para identificar si existe una relación entre la calificación de los dibujos realizados en la práctica de histología con la calificación final de los alumnos en la materia Biología Celular e Histología Médica. Se trabajó con 155 alumnos (cuatro grupos) del primer año de la licenciatura Médico Cirujano de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM (2011-2012). Realizaron la práctica observando las laminillas al microscopio. Se elaboró una tabla cualitativa de referencia de línea bosquejo, color y representación histológica para evaluar la calidad de los dibujos cuantitativamente. La calificación final se utilizó como un indicador del desempeño del estudiante. Se realizó la estadística descriptiva y se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y de correlación ETA. Las calificaciones más frecuentes fueron 2 y 3, y 7.5 y 8, puntuación de dibujo y final, respectivamente. El análisis de AnoVa mostró diferencias significativas en todos los grupos evaluados. La correlación de Spearman expuso que hay una relación positiva entre la calificación del dibujo y la calificación final. Así mismo el coeficiente de correlación ETA fue de 0.71 en grado de asociación para la calificación de los dibujos con la calificación final. La buena realización de dibujos en la práctica de histología mejora el desarrollo de aptitudes en los estudiantes de medicina, las cuales se reflejaron en la calificación final obtenida.

En el presente trabajo se examinaron las ideas de estudiantes de la Escuela Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) procedentes de los cuatro grados escolares (N = 348) sobre las causas de la obesidad, así como las actitudes que guardan hacia la misma. Para recabar las ideas y actitudes de los participantes se utilizaron dos instrumentos diseñados ex profeso. Los resultados obtenidos con el cuestionario Creencias sobre las Causas de la Obesidad indican que los participantes tienden a ponderar factores como la voluntad por sobre los genéticos, ejercicio, etc., F(4.689, 1627.115) = 108.691, p < .001. Dicho resultado, asimismo, indica que para los participantes las personas que padecen obesidad son responsables de su condición, t(347) = -6.936, p < .001. Por otra parte, los resultados obtenidos en el cuestionario Actitudes hacia la Obesidad Infantil mostraron que los participantes tienden a estar en desacuerdo (84,84%) en atribuirles características negativas a los niños que padecen obesidad y solo un 35.25% está de acuerdo en atribuirles características positivas. Por último, se examina el papel de la educación formal en las ideas que sostienen los participantes acerca de las causas y las actitudes hacia la obesidad.

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the reality of itinerant hearing and language teachers, in their performance with the educative community, with teams of educative counseling, by the analysis of the collaborative and coordinative dimension in their labor, as well as the obstacles for its development. This research paper is approached from a naturalist methodology, using information gathering techniques such as interviews, observation and documental analysis. The study has been carried out in a provincial context, with seven analyzed organizational units, which corresponds to the same number of counseling teams and ten key informants. Among the main findings, it has been found that the educational model based on the collaborative work and teacher coordination as a basis for the intervention of itinerant hearing and language teachers is still a pending challenge. In accordance with the previous idea, coordination between hearing and language teachers and the educational center is scarce, confirming the lack of dedication to the center and/or educational communities for planning tasks, coordination, attention, etc., which hinders the coordination among these, to which it joins an apparent family disinterest and the conception as an external specialist by the educational centers. Considering this situation, it is necessary to rethink the lines of action of these teachers in order to enhance mechanisms that channel collaboration strategies, with the diverse actors involved in the educational process of the students they serve.