Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: Las variantes cromosómicas en el estudio citogenético son consideradas como cariotipo normal y las personas infértiles tienen una mayor frecuencia de estos heteromorfismos.Objetivo: Describir variantes cromosómicas en pacientes estudiados en consulta de infertilidad de la región occidental de Cuba entre mayo de 2016 a mayo de 2018.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, de casos y controles. En un universo de 821 pacientes infértiles, la muestra quedó conformada con 130 pacientes (casos), con variantes cromosómicas y los controles con los estudios cromosómicos realizados en líquido amniótico de pacientes fértiles con edad materna avanzada, solicitando previamente, consentimiento informado en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico González Coro de la Habana, Cuba. Resultados: Presentaron variantes cromosómicas 130 pacientes (15,83%), mayor que en la población en general. Los motivos de indicación con mayor porcentaje de variantes cromosómicas fueron abortos recurrentes, infertilidad y alteraciones en el seminograma. En el sexo femenino hubo mayor frecuencia de las variantes cromosómicas. Los grupos con variantes cromosómicas más frecuentes resultaron los heteromorfismos de la heterocromatina de los brazos largos de los cromosomas no acrocéntricos (1qh+, 9qh+,16qh+, Yqh+), las variantes heterocromáticas del grupo D/G (p+, ps+, pstlk) y las variantes mixtas. Los polimorfismos cromosómicos del cromosoma 9 (9qh+, inv (9)) estaban entre las más frecuentes, pero el 9qh+ fue el más habitual relacionado con los fenotipos de la infertilidad en ambos sexos.Conclusiones: Las variaciones cromosómicas pueden estar asociadas a falla reproductiva. El estudio cromosómico convencional constituye una herramienta importante en el examen de los individuos con trastornos reproductivos de causa genética.Palabras clave: Heteromorfismos cromosómicos, variantes cromosómicas, infertilidad. 

Introducción: El uso de medicamentos naturales es fundamental dentro del procedimiento médico-farmacológico de la sociedad actual. Dentro de las plantas medicinales que tienen propiedades analgésicas se encuentran el ajo, la caléndula, el llantén menor y el llantén mayor.Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la tintura de ajo al 20% en el tratamiento de la odontalgia en pacientes tratados en la consulta de urgencias de un área de salud. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, de un universo de 297 pacientes, atendidos en el Policlínico Universitario Mario Gutiérrez Ardaya de la provincia de Holguín, Cuba, en el período comprendido de enero a junio de 2019. Se seleccionaron 150  pacientes a través de un muestreo no probabilístico. Las variables analizadas en correspondencia con la investigación fueron: alivio de la odontalgia según los tratamientos aplicados, intervalos de tiempo para el alivio de la odontalgia, reacciones adversas a la aplicación de la tintura de ajo al 20%.Resultados: El 84% de los pacientes presentó alivio de la odontalgia con la aplicación de la tintura de ajo, mientras que solo el 55,3% mejoró con el tratamiento convencional. El 84,12% refirió alivio de la odontalgia con la aplicación de la tintura de ajo en un período comprendido de 5 a 10 minutos y el 57,5% mejoró con el tratamiento convencional en igual intervalo de tiempo. El 86,6% no presentó efectos adversos.Conclusiones: La tintura de ajo al 20% es más efectiva que el tratamiento convencional con eugenol en el alivio de la odontalgia. Palabras clave: odontalgia, tintura de ajo, tratamiento convencional, fitofármaco

-

In a context of mobility, transnationality, and the resulting multiplication of minority groups, the study of Heritage Languages (hereinafter HLs), multilingualism and Family Language Policy (hereinafter FLP) reveals the conflicting relations between the private family and the public spheres in the management of linguistic and multilingual resources. In this sense, greater attention should be given to families’ diverse experiences, parental actions and practices as well as the language policies and discourses used to tackle the challenges of passing on and maintaining their HLs in a transnational and minority context. This paper examines the discourses of HLs, as well as their evolution and maintenance within transnational Moroccan families, by combining critical sociolinguistics and discourse analysis. The analysis focusses on Moroccan families’ views on the discursive construction of Arabic and Amazigh (Berber) as capitalized and accommodated resources and the parents’ perceptions of the role their cultural heritage plays in their children’s language socialization. The results reveal that families deploy a range of strategies, actions, decisions and linguistic practices in order to promote the intergenerational transmission and use of Arabic and Amazigh, on the one hand, and to face and resist linguistic hegemony in the diaspora, on the other hand. The data analysed in this paper are the results of a qualitative research project conducted by means of semistructured interviews, group discussions and linguistic biographies involving fathers and mothers of Moroccan origin. The paper attempts to further the understanding of HL development and maintenance in transnational and multilingual Moroccan families in Spain.

If heritage languages are defined by their local sociolinguistic status and situation (Montrul, 2016), the case of Latin American Spanish in Switzerland was defined, at the start of this investigation as practically inexistent at the state level. Though Latin Americans in Switzerland seem to be larger in number than Spanish migrants, they face more obstacles when trying to be taken into account by heritage language development policies, especially in early childhood. The reasons are diverse, but perhaps the most important one is that they are not perceived as a group in need of special integration policies. The aim of this paper is to provide evidence of the impact a heritage language and culture development program which includes mixed groups (heritage and foreign language) had on the Swiss society’s attitude towards Spanish speakers, especially (but not exclusively) Latin Americans living in the city of Wil and surrounding areas in the canton of St. Gallen. This work also presents evidence of the identity reconstruction process in migrant families. To this end, several impact indicators are defined and the creation process of the program together with the data record that took place between 2013 and 2020 are explained.

More and more Spanish parents in Spain decide to communicate in English with their children. Despite the fact that this type of non-native bilingual upbringing is a growing phenomenon in the country, it still remains practically unexplored from a scientific perspective. In the present study, we intend to analyze some of the characteristics and motivations of the parents who choose this type of upbringing for their children. In this endeavor, we departed from the hypothesis that, compared to those using the mother tongue to communicate with their children, parents who use English on a regular basis are proficient in the language and have a medium-high socioeconomic status. Therefore, the next step was to find out whether there is a correlation between these variables. To achieve this, 470 Spanish-speaking parents living in Spain were surveyed, and 143 of those parents claimed to communicate regularly with their children in English. Comparing both groups, we found that parents who state that they communicate in English with their children perceive themselves to be competent in this language. However, contrary to what was expected, there is no relationship between self-perceived socioeconomic status and frequency of English use at home. Subsequently, the analysis of the motivation in these 143 families yielded the observation that Spanish parents’ decision to speak English at home is mainly motivated by linguistic, educational, professional, cognitive, social and cultural factors and, to a lesser extent, by economic, emotional, family and identity considerations.

 Recent research on family language policy (FLP) has called for critical approaches that capture the interactional nature of language policy, negotiated among parents and children (Palviainen, 2020). This paper presents an ethnographic study on language practices, attitudes and policies in the context of migration, focusing on a Syrian family who arrived in Manchester (UK) as refugees in 2017. The article not only explores how family members manage their multi-layered language repertoires, including forms of English as well as standard and colloquial forms of Arabic, but also describes how linguistic resources are used to negotiate power positions within the family and in the wider diaspora. The article finds that, along with language users, their language ideologies, expectations and policies ‘migrate’ to the new setting, where they are subject to renegotiation. Drawing on notions of language policy as inseparable from practice (Spolsky, 2009), this paper proposes an understanding of FLP that emerges and operates within wider interactional regimes (Blommaert et al., 2005), taking into account explicit as well as implicit (practised) language ‘policies’, imagined hierarchies of repertoire resources (cf. Karatsareas, 2020), and interpersonal relations of power. Methodologically, long-term ethnographic observation and participation are combined through the researcher’s perspective as language learner (Abercrombie, 2020) with family members’ self-reports expressed during a ‘family focus group’ and photographs of ‘private’ linguistic landscapes. The paper has theoretical as well as methodological implications, addressing gaps in research on family language practices and policy.

The home literacy environment (HLE) involves various oral and written interactions amongst children and parents in a family (Aram & Levin, 2002; Leseman & de Jong, 1998). HLE affects reading and writing development via formal and informal literacy activities (Sénéchal & LeFevre, 2002). Through direct and indirect conditions, HLE may provide opportunities and experiences to children (Burgess, 2011; Burgess et al., 2002). This study examined the HLE of Russian-speaking families in Cyprus and its effects on heritage language (HL) use, maintenance and transmission as well as language and literacy development in minority and majority languages. Eighty families residing in Cyprus participated in the study: 40 mixed-marriage and 40 Russian speaking immigrant families, and data was collected through mixed methods. In other words, data collection instruments included written questionnaires, oral semi-structured interviews and observation, which focused on parental demographics, education, literacy habits and activities, writing and reading beliefs regarding minority and majority languages (Burgess et al., 2002). Results indicated that Russianspeaking parents in this immigrant context realise the importance of (early) child literacy experiences at home and try to enhance these experiences, both in Russian and the majority language(s), via (in)direct teaching and code/meaning-focused shared activities. Different factors affecting the HLE of Russian-speaking immigrants in Cyprus include family type, socio economic status (SES) level of parents’ education, personal trajectories and experience, linguisticm and cultural identities, plans for residency, and their children’s education and career.

This paper endeavours to identify instances of possible grammatical borrowing and replication in the speech of the L1 English speaking bilingual community in Prague. Phenomena found within the data are analysed with regard to whether they can be attributed to language-contact induced grammatical borrowing from Czech, or whether they are influenced by language accommodation to L1 Czech L2 English speakers, attrition, internal variation or the effect of Czech parentage. This study builds on the findings of Porte (1999, 2003) in identifying grammatical phenomena occurring within English as the L1 in a bilingual situation, as well as adding to the debate on whether grammatical borrowing occurs at all and in what circumstances. The method for this exploratory study involved conducting seven observation sessions and thirteen interviews. The findings included: article omission andoveruse, word order changes, noun or verb omission, verb tense instability, preposition instability, grammatical number and person mismatch, and use of suffixes and diminutives. This study focuses on unconventionalities (Doğruöz & Backus 2009) in the speech of each individual participant (Clyne 2003: 96), with emphasis on innovations (Matras & Sakel 2007) rather than community-wide propagation. The analysis reveals that some of the phenomena are potentially the result of contact-induced language transfer, accommodation to L1 Czech L2 English speakers, non-contact related attrition processes, the influence of Czech parentage, colloquialisms and speech performance errors. Some phenomena are attributed to a combination of several of these factors.

-