Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Faced with disagreements between the clinical and laboratory diagnosis, it was decided to make a comparative study between the diagnostic study of central and peripheral blood samples, to compare results. 100 cows were sampled from ten diff erent farms (10 cows from each farm) in the town of Pancasan, Matagalpa, Nicaragua, extracting from each one samples of central blood (jugular vein) and peripheral blood (auricular vein). All the samples were processed by means of a thin smear, thick smear and capillary visualization (Woo technique), dyeing them both with the Diff Quick dyes and with Giemsa. The central or peripheral blood tests have very large errors, greater than 20%, as to fully rely on only one of them in the results of studies on hemoparasites. Peripheral blood is only more eff ective in diagnosis at 2.79%, which is not signifi cant (P <0.1). It is recommended to carry out both simultaneous analyzes (central and peripheral blood) for future diagnoses of haemoparasites in the laboratory.

36 California and New Zealand White rabbits with an average live weight of 554 g and 37 days of age were used in a completely randomized design with the objective to evaluate the eff ect of inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) in rabbits feeding on the productive behavior, carcass characteristics and gastrointestinal tract morphometry. The treatments were: T1 commercial concentrate (CC); T2 CC with 16% of MOLM and T3 CC with 19.64% of MOLM. It was found that the best (p <0.05) LWG and FCI were obtained with T1 (19.22 g/animal/day and 5.69) and T3 (20.49 g/ animal/day and 5.57), which diff er statistically (p <0.05) of T2 (15.61 g/animal/day and 7.13). For live weight at slaughter, carcass yield, loin and chest weight, no statistical diff erences (p> 0.05) were found between T1 and T3, but these diff ered signifi cantly (p <0.05) from T2. In conclusion, the inclusion of 19.64% of MOLM in the concentrate for rabbits, does not aff ect the productive behavior, the characteristics of the carcass and the morphometry of the gastrointestinal tract, being a viable alternative for its use in farms of small producers.

The problem of soil contamination is becoming a priority issue for governments, universities and organizations. The management, regulation and control of chemical products used in the control of pests and in the industrial and business production processes, as well as, the inclusive management of waste discharged to the ground accidentally or intentionally, should be part of the main challenges that society must undertake today. Otherwise, the diversity of functions performed by soils will be aff ected and consequently public health problems will be generated.

The study assesses the nutritional status of the families that are part of the research in the three communities from the analysis of consumption patterns that they have nutritional value and are also values local plants (native) can contribute these eating patterns. Interviews, tours of farms and case studies with small producers of the three communities: qualitative research on this type of data collection instruments including applied. The results showed that in nine consumption patterns of families studied have sufficiency in terms of access to nutritious foods exceeding 110%. The diversity index of the diet in terms of sufficiency in the week reached a range between 0.89 in Tisma Grande which is deficient in Santa Cruz is 0.92 which is acceptable and La Montañita No 2 is adequate food sufficiency with 1.08. In terms of dietary diversity that refers to different types of foods that are consumed by households in the week the results were average ranges between 9.3 to 9.7 meaning the existence of a variety of acceptable diet. For the second case study which was to know about the types of native plants and consumption patterns in order to rescue and use in their daily consumption habits and determined the following plants: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Milkweed (Amaranthus hybridus), Espadillo (Yucca elephantipes), purslane (Portulaca oleracea), Mora (Morus nigra), Cojombro (Sicana odoriferous), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Piñuela (cheap Bromeliad), Panama (Sterculia apetala), Tempisque (Sideroxylon capiri) Caimito (Chrysophyllum cainito) among others. Definitely we define families consume food more calories you consume protein foods such as dairy, meats and sweets in your diet, but it is important to note that this does not indicate that there is a bad nutritional quality in families because protein intake is not defiente, but if you need to include the aforementioned food and food supplement consumption that generate proteins the body of families and a stable nutritional balance in order that the families introduced a state of optimal health and to meet their daily nutritional needs in relation to work performed every day in their small production plots.

This research aims to determine the concentration of pH in the leaflets of 17 clonal cultivars Spondias purpurea L., located in the Arboretum Alain Meyrat of the National Agrarian University. The methodology used was developed at various times, such as the collection of plant material, selection of 20 sheets of each clonal cultivar in good condition (healthy, green and full), weighing using a balance of the green mass of leaflets separating them rachis which were labeled with the name of each clonal cultivar. Regarding the determination of the concentration of H + ions (pH) proceeded to cut the leaflets and the rachis, standard fashion using 3g of each sample were macerated with same as a porcelain mortar until ground matter. Then determined qualitatively solubility of the leaflets, using solvents such as water (H₂0), benzene (C₆H₆), ethanol (CH₃-CH₂- 0H) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), using 3ml of each solvent. A pH meter was used to determine the concentration of H + ions (pH) of the samples before and after the use of solvents. It was observed that the growing San Franciscano has a higher concentration of H + ions, thus increasing acidity, maintaining this behavior in all solvents used, like dry rachis; This result led to the conclusion that the presence of organic acids is high and therefore the species is phytochemically recommended for the preparation of infusions. Regarding dry leaflets, Cook cultivar had the highest acidity.

The destruction of natural resources in the municipality of Mulukuku and in Nicaragua in general is the principal cause of a crisis without precedent for the economy and the society. The national resources have sustained the principal economic activity, cattle raising, but the immediate interest of farmers is the destruction of forests for acquisition of cheap land. In contradiction with this short-term interest, the long-term interest of the producers is the preservation of natural resources, not only as the basis of their productive activity but also as the medium for the acquisition of ecological certifications that add value to their production. This investigation combines quantitative and qualitative methodology and has an explanatory aim.. The principal result of the investigation is that the low-level social capital of the producers makes them victims of public policies that destroy their profits and favor the cartel of export companies. The informal institutional reaction of the producers is the appropriation of national lands that belongs to the state “de jure” but not “de facto”. The prognostic of the investigation is that the situation will be much worse and the low possibility of solution depends on the rise in profits of producers and the rise of social capital to effect change of public policies, as a necessary condition for the preservation of natural resources.

This study aims to determine the situation of food and nutritional security and some associated factors in households in the municipality of Kukra Hill-South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region (RACCS). It is an analytical study of risk factors, with a sample consisting of 107 heads of households. The instrument used was the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale, some additional indicators were added. Among the key findings it highlighted that food insecurity affects a third of the households surveyed. Severe food insecurity reached 32%. There was concern in more than half of households that food would ran out, and lack of money or other resources saw availability and access limited. More than half of households do not have a nutritious diet, there is little variety of food. In relation to the amount of food, half of households at some point ran out of food, many ate less than usual and even stopped eating breakfast, lunch or dinner, for lack of money or other resources. Hunger affected all households, where some of the members, were hungry but had nothing to eat, so they did not eat and sometimes ate only once a day, and some spent the entire day without eating. Food Insecurity in the homes of respondents was associated with geographical location. Living in zones 3, OR = 3.43; = 5.03 Chi² live in zone 5, OR = 3.48; Chi² = 5.64. Education, be illiterate OR = 2.73; Chi² = 3.49. Less than C $ 2.850 monthly income OR = 4.72; Chi² = 4.30. Ethnicity be the Miskito OR = 4.68; Chi² = 5.79. Income coverage, covers less than the minimum expenses. OR = 2.05, Ji = 3.Ji=3.

This paper is an abstract based on environmental and forest Nicaraguan legislation. The objective was deliver a perspective of the approach and efficiency of these laws to improve the forest ecosystems conservation. The methodology to prepare it consisted in the critical review of three laws (Law 647: General law of environment and natural resources, law 462: Law of conservation, promotion and sustainable development of forest activities; and law 585: Law of restriction to cut, logging and commercialization of forest resource) thus complementary legal instruments of these laws takin account the legal elements that consider a general approach (ecosystem level) as well as particular (species level) useful to forest conservation strategies. Based on per se conservation point of view, the law 647 has many legal elements relate with forest resource conservation, emphasizing in institutional role to confer, to observe and to assess forest activities with negative potential impact, and conservation proposals of ecosystems forest, normative to forest soil protection and some elements to create the orientation to taxes incentives. The regulation of protected areas, is an important point of the law 462 being the approach to restrict the use and management of the ecosystems, contrary to needed of conserve ecosystems or species with ecological importance or representative. The analysis of the law 462 suggest that the normative emphasize in the definition of ecosystem to wood production and forest management; the restriction of logging in municipal protected areas and border zone, which is found in law 585 (also known as close law) that pretend to protect six forest species with undocumented threat, and unrestricting y some areas. The conservation perspective of Nicaraguan legislation content restrictive elements, while some regulations pretend sustainable use, but without orientation to application and assessment.

The study was conducted in three rural communities in the municipality of Jinotega (Sisle, Finca San Gabriel and Corinto), all belonging to the micro basin of Lake Apanas, Jinotega, Nicaragua. The objective was to characterize the nutritional status and quality of life of the families. The methodology used was from perspective of quantitative approach with qualitative components. It had a population of 253 families and a sample of 72 families, which were taken at random using the following criteria, families with a child or girl under five years of age, that the family had at least six years living at the community, and householders willing to provide the information. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used. The results establish that the boys and girls under five years of age are born with good weight, mothers take care for the development of the baby by attending the health center and the respective prenatal care at least once a month. Mothers provide breast milk to infants during a period of 3- 6 months, according to suggestion by the health ministry, which provided minerals and vitamins needed for growth of the baby. Families have basic services such as electricity, drinking water and sanitation. Furthermore, families have quality of life, housing in good condition with adequate walls, floor and ceilings, which provide security and preventing overcrowding.

This study was carried out in the Center for Experimentation and Validation of Technology (CEVT) Las Mercedes UNA Located in Managua; the purpose of this study was to generate information on the agronomic performance of 12 cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) produced in net house conditions. The experimental design used was a 3x4m rectangular lattice with two repetitions. The data was evaluated through analysis of variance ANOVA and LSD 95% of confident. The information of ten fruit characters was recorded, seven of them were quantitative and three rest qualitative. The analysis showed that the genotypes evaluated in open field conditions and in greenhouse conditions presented a similar behavior in the case of: polar and equatorial diameter, brix degrees, and number of cores. Whereas the Shanty genotypes CLN3125L, AVTO1032y AVTO1059 gave the highest yields in the greenhouse. Based on the analysis of agronomic performance, the promising genotypes to continue AVTO1032, AVTO1059, AVTO1058, AVTO1078, AVTO1005, AVTO1008 and 1x10).