Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The purpose of this article is to present the case of Costa Rica in its recent efforts to achieve sustainable environmental sanitation. Mainly, it is based on a theoretical framework that integrates the notion of environmental sanitation practices at multiple levels: the macro level (environmental and social policies), and at the micro level (community actions and individual daily practices). The context of Costa Rica is taken into account, since it presents an interesting case study in terms of environmental sanitation. On the one hand, it is a country widely recognized for its ecological policies framed within a "green agenda", with high social development indexes. However; on the other hand, it faces increasingly greater challenges in terms of sanitation planning, inter-institutional coordination, legislation, financing and maintenance of current sanitation systems.This article takes up some results of the author's doctorate study, which conducted a mixed-methods approach. The qualitative data were obtained from in-depth interviews with national authorities, locals, community leaders, and heads of households. The quantitative data were obtained from the application of a survey in three different communities with rural, urban, and semi-urban characteristics. At the national level, the main result is a paradigm shift in the conception of health, where the joint production of healthy environments should be paramount, within the framework of the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment. At the community level, local efforts to protect their natural resources for tourism or productive purposes are highlighted, and at the individual level a mixture of reactive and proactive daily practices is found.

This paper presents the most relevant results of a systematic review. Its objective is to identify how much diet quality influences obesity. Methodologically, we developed an electronic search for articles that were related to diet and obesity quality in the databases of PUBMED and Google academic; in addition, we used academic groups and the SCI-HUB platform. The results show that most of the analyzed articles conclude that there is a relationship between the quality of diet and obesity; the rest conclude that there is no relationship between these variables, but mention that a better quality of diet is important for health promotion.

Objective: to infer the probabilistic model of the discrepancy between how Mexicans perceive and aspire to be in their figure through the so-called Stunkard, Sorenson and Schulsinger silhouettes at state level. Methodology: we estimate discrepancies between different Body Mass Indexes (BMI): the measured and the auto reported. Then state samples are employed coming from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2012. Goodness-of-fit tests are used, and, with adjusted normal models, specific probabilities are calculated. Some variables linked to discrepancies are taken into account for applying hierarchical clusters to identify similarities between states. Results: the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Anderson-Darling (AD) and Chi-square (χ2) tests were employed to model discrepancies by sex and state. The Normal distribution was recognized as appropriate. Some estimates of probabilities are made and the Empirical Rule is applied, which measures the magnitude of the possible knowing of the real BMI and the existing satisfaction. We identify groups of states that share similarities in their populations in relation to estimated variables. Conclusions: there is an erroneous perception and a systematic aspiration, permeated by heterogeneity in the face of a scenario of obesity or overweight in most mexicans.

Objective: To relate the information of the childhood rate of mortality due to diarrhea and gastroenteritis of supposed infectious origin or TMN A(090-099) with the social cohesion degree (GCS). Methods: It is a transverse and ecological study for the year 2015. The municipal TMN A(090-099) was calculated with the National System in Health Information (SINAIS) deaths records. The approximation towards the social cohesion was done with the National Council for the Evaluation of the Social Development Policy (CONEVAL) through the municipal Social Cohesion Degree (GCS). A bivariate correlation was calculated with Spearman test. The correlation between the TMN A(090-099) and the GCS was obtained. Also a model was calculated: TMN A(090-099) as the dependent variable confronted with the GCS, Gini's index, social blacklog index and the lack of medical services. Results: A negative relation between the GCS and the TMN TO (090-099) was found, with significant but weakly correlation (-0.320 **); the hypothesis is accepted with reservations. The model presents moderate and positive correlation (R=0.554), the square R suggests that the model explains almost 27 % of the cases, and the Durbin-Watson value suggests that the model covers almost 90 % of the studied cases. Discussion: The social cohesion in Chiapas is very subdued. There are municipalities with very high TMN A(090-099) and lower social cohesion degree besides high social backlog degree; this scene prevails, but is necessary to restate the usefulness of the qualitative boarding as recommendation found in social cohesion literature.

Objective: To compare the mortality attributable to tobacco consumption in selected Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico) between the years 2009 and 2013. Methods: In order to estimate the mortality attributable to risk factors, the Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) methodology was used. Years of Life Expectancy Lost (YLEL) were calculated following the methodology proposed by Arriaga. Secondary data from the national statistics agency of each country were used. Results: The highest percentages of all deaths due tobacco were observed among Argentinian and Chilean men (14.4 and 14.3% of the total deaths, respectively), followed by Mexicans (12.5% of the total deaths). Among women, the highest percentage was registered in Chile (8% of total deaths), followed by Mexico and Argentina (5.3, and 5.1% of total deaths, respectively). For both sexes, Brazil recorded the lowest percentages (5.4 and 2.8% of the total deaths, for men and women). In terms of life expectancy, the most affected by mortality due to tobacco consumption were the men and women of Argentina, who lost 1.77 and 0.65 years of life expectancy, respectively, followed very closely by the Chilean men and women. Conclusions: Men and women of Argentina had the greatest loss of life expectancy due to tobacco; this is consistent with the incipient policy against tobacco implemented in that country. In contrast, in the other countries studied, tobacco control policies were implemented earlier. However, tobacco remains an important cause of mortality in all these countries, despite the great efforts to reduce its consumption.

Objective: To determine the level of quality of life of the older adult belonging to the Social Gerontological Program of two provinces of Ica, Peru, 2017. Methods: The study is non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional. The population was older adults belonging to the Social Gerontological Program of the provinces of Palpa (n=65) and Nasca (n=30), Ica, Peru. The unit of analysis was the older adult belonging to the Social Gerontological Program. Quality of life was evaluated by the Health Survey SF-36. Results: 90% of older adults belonging to the Social Gerontological Program of the province of Nasca, have high quality of life according to mental health; while 60% have a regular quality of life according to vitality. It was found that 81.5% of the older adults belonging to the Social Gerontological Program of the province of Palpa have high quality of life according to mental health, but low quality of life according to physical role (63.1%). Conclusion: Quality of life of the older adult belonging to the Social Gerontological Program of the province of Nasca is better than quality of life of those belonging to the Social Gerontological Program of the province of Palpa.

Objective: The aim of this work was to describe the health-related quality of life of rural children in Tucumán (Argentina), detecting and deepening its most affected dimensions and identifying differences according to economic level, age and sex. Methods: During 2015 a quantitative, non-experimental, transverse study was performed in 427 schoolchildren from 8 to 12 years in Simoca (Tucumán). The international questionnaire Kidscreen-52 was applied; it describes ten dimensions of health-related quality of life. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were performed. Results: "Moods and emotions" and "Social acceptance" dimensions presented the lowest means. Girls scored higher when assessing "School environment", while boys showed higher means in "Physical well-being". Differences according to age were found. Children from the higher economic stratum reported superior means in all dimensions of health-related quality of life when compared to their peers from the middle and lower strata. Conclusions: Perceived health was different according to age, sex and economic level. In rural areas, the children's health-related quality of life found greater commitment to “Moods and emotions” and “Social acceptance” (bullying). Rural children from Tucumán related worse perceived health than their peers from other regions of Argentina.

The objective of this paper is to identify the intake of fermented milk in hypertensive people in different population in the world in order to know their effects on blood pressure. Methodologically, we developed an electronic search on PubMed database to identify clinical trials on humans for this review. The selected results show that the most fermented type used in the investigations was from Lactobacillus helveticus with bioactives tripeptides added Isoleucine-Proline-Proline and Valin-Proline-Proline (IPP and VPP); also there were used Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS), Lactobacillus planetarium A7, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, and Lactococcus lactis YIT 2027, Lactobacillus casei TMC0409 y Streptococus thermophilus TMC 1543 for the fermented milk. Better blood pressure- lowering effects were reported in those interventions where IPP and VPP tripeptides were used.

Basándonos en los documentos editados por L. P. Gachard en Lettres de Philippe II a ses filles les Infantes Isabelle et Catherine: écrites pendant son voyage en Portugal (1581-1583), pretendemos revisar y analizar críticamente la metodología empleada por el historiador belga en la edición de textos en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Esta documentación, publicada en 1884, fue reeditada alrededor del 1943 por Luisa Elena del Portillo Díaz y en 1988 por el historiador español Fernando Bouza. Es nuestra intención revisar la edición de Gachard a la luz de las nuevas ediciones y examinar de esta forma la trayectoria y los progresos, si los hubiere, en la edición de un mismo texto a lo largo de un siglo.

Ya en el siglo xviii, y por influencia de la Ilustración, se produjo un gran avance en el estudio científico en una gran variedad de ámbitos. Sin embargo, fue en el siglo xix, como consecuencia, entre otros factores, de la revolución industrial y todos los avances técnicos que esta conllevó, cuando tuvo lugar una verdadera revolución científica. En el ámbito de las humanidades, y más en concreto en el campo de la filología, uno de los fenómenos científicos que se produjo fue la aparición de numerosas ediciones de textos de épocas anteriores. En muchas ocasiones se editaron textos manuscritos tanto de tipo literario, como no literario (cartas, documentos públicos de distinto tipo), en otras, se fijaron primeras ediciones impresas. Fueron también numerosos los eruditos que se dedicaron no tanto a estudiar los textos en su lengua original como a traducirlos a otras, de modo que estuvieran al alcance de un mayor número de posibles lectores. Estas traducciones incluían tantos textos originalmente escritos en las lenguas clásicas, latín y griego, y algunas lenguas semíticas, como documentos en varias de las lenguas europeas utilizadas en el Renacimiento o sus siglos dorados en literatura.Los estudios filológicos y de traducción han evolucionado enormemente a lo largo del siglo xx y en los primeros años del siglo xxi, tanto en su vertiente teórica como en la práctica. Actualmente, disponemos de unos medios técnicos, por ejemplo, para la reproducción de textos, inimaginables hace tan solo unos años. La posibilidad de digitalizar documentos permite ponerlos al alcance de un mayor número de investigadores, la creación de bases de datos ayuda a clasificar y sistematizar los documentos existentes, así como a mostrar el trabajo realizado por determinados investigadores de modo que muchos otros se puedan beneficiar del mismo. El objetivo de este monográfico, centrado en la revisión crítica de ediciones y traducciones de textos en el siglo xix, es valorar y analizar el trabajo filológico realizado por eruditos del siglo xix y principios del xx tanto en su labor de recopilación y edición de textos, como en su trabajo como traductores. Aun reconociendo la importancia y la utilidad que estas ediciones y traducciones han tenido para trabajos posteriores, son también patentes algunas de las carencias que, por las limitaciones de la época, pueden presentar.