Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Review article (see PDF).

In Functional Discourse Grammar, both Ascription and Reference are characterized as actional processes and are captured at the Interpersonal Level of linguistic description. Additionally, the temporal sequencing of Discourse Acts seems relevant to establishing dependency relations among them. However, the remainder of the levels of representation in the theory contain static descriptions of linguistic structures and not of processes. In this paper, I will argue that this is the result of an inherent contradiction between FDG’s characterization as a static grammar and the dynamicity of verbal interaction, which is best solved if the theory commits itself to the procedural nature of the Interpersonal Level. In order to do so, the different categories that have been identified in the literature on the cognitive status of referents should find relevance in the grammar. Elaborating upon García Velasco (2014), I will show that the temporal dimension of the text creating activity and referent accessibility, are relevant for a full account of constituent preposing in Spanish.

Aquest article se centra en un aspecte central en la investigació de la interfície sintaxi-semàntica-pragmàtica: les relacions anafòriques. Més concretament, presenta una selecció dels problemes que plantegen les relacions anafòriques per a la teoria clàssica del lligam de Chomsky (1981), de naturalesa eminentment sintàctics, i per a la versió de Huang (2007) del model pragmàtic neogriceà de l’anàfora, inicialment proposat per Levinson (1987, 1989). Més enllà de l’enumeració dels interessants problemes que plantegen les relacions anafòriques per als diferents marcs teòrics, destaquem la necessitat d’integrar factors sintàctics, semàntics i pragmàtics a l’hora de construir un model teòric de l’anàfora que sigui més adequat.

This paper deals with a special type of anaphoric relation that consists in a reference through/to a part of a fixed idiomatic experience. It is proved that, contrary to what is generally assumed, such references are not necessarily grammatically or stylistically marked. Instead, they are part of several productive usage patterns. With corpus data and a discursive-functional grammatical approach, I provide a theoretically-substantiated analysis of each of these patterns. This analysis shows their production and interpretation processes, accounts for their systematicity and productivity, and puts forth an explanatory proposal of the cognitive effort and communicative advantages of their use.

This paper adopts a radical contextualist approach to the reference of definite descriptions that contain the English expression the same, either without a complement or with a complement in the form of a head noun and/or a comparison phrase of the type as X. It is argued that definite descriptions which contain the same do not refer to a unique entity, despite the fact that the result of a comprehension test carried out seems to give some support to the belief that such descriptions may serve the function of a directly referring term.

Lignin is an industrial waste being worthless in papermaking byproduct of black liquor obtained from the pulping process in some Venezuelan plants. The black liquor is obtained from the Kraft pulping process to extract lignin sulphite by acid precipitation and quantify the amount of total phenols in such lignin products used in this study. Spectrophotometry Molecular absorption in the UV-Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) region were used to carry out these study techniques. The products obtained in the study had the same signs than commercial lignin (LA), along with the extracted lignin present little degradation HCl, confirmed by infrared spectra. Also, the amount of total phenols was quantified in derivative lignin obtained using the Folin-Ciocalteu. In the sulphite process extracted lignin with acetic acid derivative contains more phenols, and in the Kraft process, the derivative lignin extracted with fewer nitric acid present. The amount of total phenolics present in these derivatives are good for making antiseptics, detergents, nylon, resin and many industrial products. , , , , Lignin, waste, precipitation, phenols, antioxidants

In the 80’s, Dr Genichi Taguchi developed a methodology for processes and product parameters design improvement known as the Taguchi methodology. Different proposals have emerged involving artificial intelligence techniques. Our proposal consists of a hybrid methodology that combines Random Forest (RF) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) in three phases: normalization, modeling and optimization. The first phase corresponds to the previous preparation of the data set by using normalization functions. In the modeling, the objective function is determined using strategies based on RF to predict the value of the response in a given set of parameters. Finally, in the optimization phase, the optimal combination of the parameter levels is obtained by integrating properties given by our modeling scheme into the corresponding GA. The results are compared numerically with the contributions recently found in the literature. Our methodological proposal focuses on the most important variables resulting from the RF modeling process, which allows to develop and direct more efficiently the new generations in the optimization phase, and consequently, achieve significant improvements in the quality objective considered.

The objective of this paper is to develop a method based on fuzzy logic for the evaluation of the efficiency of decision units (Decision Making Unit, DMU) using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for the handling of inaccurate data. The Alpha-cut approach is used for efficiency assessment, and the obtained fuzzy parameters are then sorted. For the evaluation of the method's usefulness, the data of a Hospital system and 12 DMU's were used. This research proposes an approach for the valuation and classification of DMU's, useful for the decision making process.

Editorial

In this paper we present some generalizations of the classical inequalities of Fejér for m-convex functions.