Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The author refers us to the context of crisis of 'real socialism' and in the West to the conservative attack to the Welfare State, to assert that there has been a weakening of the positions that historically struggled to overcome inequality, and a weakening of social protection. And to this is added an economic model that defines strategies worldwide and has caused an unprecedented increase in inequality. But despite this backdrop, in recent times the discussion on equality has revived. The text then focuses on inequality in Chile, following its history from the neoliberal reforms and analyzing its sectorial expressions to finally alert that it is in this inequality where the real 'country risk' lyes.

What does it really mean to be person-centered? Is it a (‘postmodern’) question of what you like and what you believe? Where are the limits? Is it possible to indicate a core? And if so, what is it? Is it possible to combine orientations, to integrate methods and add techniques? Is there actually a ‘Beyond Carl Rogers’? What are the prospects of the development and influence of what once was regarded a radical paradigm? Where is it going to and what will be its future? What is its place and challenge in the realm of psychotherapy and counseling? A clear stance is argued that it is indeed possible to name the necessary and sufficient conditions of being person-centered. The question of being person-centered ultimately turns out to be an ethical one.

Social movements and natives will lack transforming force, as long as they don’t challenge the anthropocentric view and the essential dichotomies that support the system in power.  They should propose themselves a true deconstruction and reconstruction of the philosophy that has up to now permitted colonization, recovering the native philosophical bases, in their quality of different-similar to the hegemonic vision, with their own knowledge generating science, and not that of « local knowledge».  The native cultural tradition is an alternative lifestyle to that other which is hegemonic, that  all who feel the demand to decolonize ourseleves can adopt, without ethnic discriminations, and without, because of it,  generate dichotomies between native  and  western.  The condition to eradicate the hegemonies is to assume the difference-resemblance as the basis for the relations with other individuals, other cultures and the totality of the cosmic and natural beings, and as expression of a paradigm that does not admit centrisms neither hierarchies of any class.  Therefore, it rejects the relations of domination/subordination and admits living  in equilibrium, complement action, consensus and respect to the identity of the other, whom by no means is antagonistic tous.  

The disfunctionality of the international financial system, expressed with special clarity in the recent argentinean crisis (2001) and of the asian markets (1997 – 98), only confirms, in the view of the authors, the imperious necesity of a deep reform and democratization of credit institutions at a world scale. The main task of the IMF should have never been that of a last instance lender, but that of a warranter of fair conditions that would allow countries on their way to developement a better and more just acces to credit. As a way of recomendation, the authors propose the creation of an International Arbitration Tribunal for Sovereign Debt, who should have the mission of a multilateral entity and counterweight to the power the creditress institutions over the existing organisms (World Banc, IMF, Paris Club). On the other side, the current dominant conception that no longer considers countries as sovereign entities, rather as enterprises, subject to banckruptcy and embargo, is discussed and criticized.

The condor is a common presence that flies over and then settles in our mental territory, like a part of that symbolic memory that is fed for generations through the oral transmition.  These images –visual and oral- reiterate themselves through time since immemorial story up to 21st century’s communication networks.  In that context, the condor   -more as symbol that like tangible natural patrimony- instigates an affinity of acquired views and identifications, that converge in stones, caverns, rites, utilitarian objects, heraldry, numismatics, philately, consumer’s goods, images in cyberspace: from the sacred bird, to the institutional national bird; from the sordidness of  ‘Operation Condor’ to the comic character represented by Condorito.  In humor and in horror.  In reverence and irreverence.  In everyday events.  In the cultural atmosphere, the condor is part of the “breathing” of our common imaginary.  

Courcelle-Seneuil, French, humanist, economist, follower and admirer of Tocqueville, was in Chile for six years, was government’s counsellor, professor at the National Institute, and was admired by all because of his seriousness and experience. This scholar undertook contradictory roles: while an author as Lastarria translates him and often quotes him to fight the authoritarism of liberal governments who apply liberty only in the economic realm, on the other hand his students at the Institute set into practice, on an extremely liberal manner, his economic lessons when they undertook positions of responsibility. His rigidity pushed the country to a great economic crisis because of excessive economic liberalism. How is it possible that the same character and his teachings can be used to fight economic liberalism and on the other hand give origin to free-exchange postures, which are a precedent for neoliberalism?

The article proceeds to the analysis of the historical process that allows the formation of the hegemonic position of the United States of North America on the international system and the role in it of the Cold War’s end and the development of a unique economic model. Next analyses the policies elaborated from the ideological position of the so-called ‘neocons’ with the arrival of the administration of William W. Bush to the command of the state. Then it refers that once these policies took effect, they have had negative consequences to the hegemony and conduced to geopolitical developments that erode the position of the United States. Last it analyses the messo and micro powers that have become a reality in the global landscape, who contribute to a still further erosion of the north american hegemonic position.