Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Anthrax is a zoonosis caused by a spore-forming bacterium, called Bacillus anthracis. Naturally it is of global distribution, with a predilection in agricultural zones with few norms of public veterinary health. Human contagion occurs through the consumption of diseased animal’s meat or through a doorway into the skin or through the spores inhalation of products derived from the affected animal (wool, leather, bones). The most frequent infection in humans occurs in the skin, followed by the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. We present the last outbreak of cutaneous anthrax diagnosed in Chile with a description of the first two clinical cases of the outbreak. Control disease is based on prevention, hence the importance of surveillance in detecting cases and outbreaks.

The request of blood cultures in medical care is frequent, especially in Neonatal Units, where it is performed routinely in case of suspected early or late sepsis. The purpose of this document is to standardize the sampling technique in order to increase its performance and establish criteria to interpret a positive blood culture.

Investigations first by Markham, and then by Spruce, performed in the middle of multiple risks, in the deep of dense jungle, through the wild rivers and facing up natives many times hostile, brought the knowledge of the life cycle of Hevea brasiliensis, the rubber’s tree, necessary for take its seeds to Asia, its adaptation to this continent and its culture at industrial level. Undoubtedly these men were the heroes of this history, but they were wise, modest and quite people, so the glory was for an entrepreneur decided and of scare scruples, like Wickham. And Brazil, as a good Latin American nation, sinned of naivety, improvidence and negligence, allowing itself the lost of an unimaginable fortune: the monopoly of the rubber. Because the many applications of rubber in medical practice, the history of this tree may interest our colleagues.

In the thermal entrance region, a thermal boundary layer develops and also reaches the circular tube center. The fully developed region is the zone in which the flow is both hydrodynamically and thermally developed. The heat flux will be higher near the inlet because the heat transfer coefficient is highest at the tube inlet where the thickness of the thermal boundary layer is zero and decreases gradually to the fully developed value. In this paper, the assumptions implicit in Leveque's approximation are re-examined, and the analytical solution of the problem with additional boundary conditions, for the temperature field and the boundary layer thickness through the long tube is presented. By defining a similarity variable, the governing equations are reduced to a dimensionless equation with an analytic solution in the entrance region. This report gives justification for the similarity variable via scaling analysis, details the process of converting to a similarity form, and presents a similarity solution. The analytical solutions are then checked against numerical solution programming by Fortran code obtained via using Runge-Kutta fourth order (RK4) method. Finally, others important thermal results obtained from this analysis, such as; approximate Nusselt number in the thermal entrance region was discussed in detail.

In the transfer of students with visual disabilities at the Technical University of Manabí (UTM) accidents have been reported when going through some ramps and other obstacles, especially on rainy days. This article belongs to an investigation into the realization of an alert system for students with visual disabilities. The objective of the implementation of this system is to guide students with visual disabilities on different obstacles that exist in their transfer through the university. To carry out the implementation of this system, the alert systems and the technologies that are currently used as a result of a recording studio in the national and international scope were analyzed, the tools and technologies used in the developed solution are described. (Definition, technologies for the change of people, software, programming languages, etc.) that allowed an efficient implementation in a short time of the proposed system by means of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. The above is reflected in the positive orientation for the transfer of 32 students with visual disabilities through the university and by those who have contributed to improving their quality of life.

The gas pipeline is used for the transport of natural gas at a great distance. Risks derived from the handling of a combustible material transported under high pressure, by pipelines that pass close to where people live, makes it necessary to adopt prevention, mitigation and control measures to reduce the effect in case of ignition of a gas leak. This work shows the development of a new mathematical model to determine areas of high consequence and their application, using widely available and easy to use software, such as Google Earth and Excel, to determine and visualize the area up to which the level of radiation can affect the integrity of people and buildings. The model takes into account the pressure drop into the gas pipeline from the compression station, the gas leakage rate and possible forms of gas ignition. This development is an alternative to the use of specialized software and highly trained personnel. The simulation is applied to a traced of the Miraflores-Tunja gas pipeline, using a macro developed in Excel to determine the impact area and compare it with the coordinates of the vulnerable areas. The zones where these areas intersect are constituted in high consequence areas and are identified along with the sections of the pipeline that affect them, to provide the operator with a risk analysis tool for the determination and visualization of the gas pipeline and its environment.

The exploitation that has had the fuzzy systems related to advances of 5G networks (Fifth Generation Mobile Networks) and how this development has been framed by the paradigm of SDN (Software Defined Networks) architectures are reviewed in this article. The first part will review terms required for understanding the technologies and their evolution; on which different scenarios are evaluated because they have contributed to the development of the definition of 5G networks. Following, the research and development of the fuzzy systems applied to telecommunications, specifically 5G technology and SDN architectures will be described. Finally, the respective conclusions of the fuzzy systems in the 5G networks and SDN architectures will be exposed.

This article presents a global analysis of the results from four studies on pre-service secondary science teachers’ understanding of epistemic aspects of the nature of science (NOS). To this end, four controversies from the history of science (HOS) were used as teaching/learning context, and whose implementation in class was conducted through a critical and reflective approach. The analysis focused on determining the references that pre-service science teachers made in their responses to the different epistemic indicators established in the assessment rubrics, and the number of times that these were alluded. The findings obtained allow to conclude that, in general, the pre-service science teachers significantly improved their understanding on the influence of the epistemic aspects of NOS in the four controversies of HOS which were employed.

The paper presents an analysis linked to one of the sustainable energy alternatives that are currently being adopted with worldwide success, in order to improve the quality of electricity service, save natural resources, reduce losses and contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The results of a study related to an application of technological innovation to improve the quality of the electric service in an isolated community are presented, by the introduction of photovoltaic technology connected to the low voltage network of a group of 20 houses that were studied. The results of the study of charge and hourly energy consumption of dwellings are shown and an own methodology for the design of the photovoltaic technology connected to the low voltage grid of the houses studied is shown, with potential to avoid the energy consumption of The conventional network, with the possibility of improving the quality of the electric service, while reducing the amount of the electric bill and reducing losses.

Currently the most promising application of remote sensing in ecology concerns the field of biodiversity. One of the main threats to biodiversity is the fragmentation and loss of habitat, due to deforestation caused by human activities, accelerating extinction rates in the species. However, biodiversity is difficult to quantify and measure, which is why remote sensing is a valuable tool for ecological research, since, due to its characteristics of spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolution, it is possible to try to measure certain biodiversity variables. However, ecologists and space agencies, in a joint effort, have defined a list of essential variables with which biodiversity can be monitored from space. Due to this, there is a need to use new approaches and tools for its study and conservation, using remote sensing as a tool to support decision-making processes in biodiversity conservation efforts throughout the world.