Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Despite the accumulated knowledge about mortality and longevity, it is essential to know in the depth of the fourth phase of the Epidemiological Transition in which Spain, like other neighboring countries, is in to anticipate a new step in the Health Transition as well as its impact in the coming years. In this context, the analysis of the data of the causes of death is necessary in order to follow its evolution and changes. However, the codification of causes of death is interrupted by the successive revisions to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). For this reason, the methodology of the reconstruction of causes of death proposed by France Meslé and Jacques Vallin (1988, 1996) is used and applied in the countries that are part of the international network Mortality, Divergence and Causes of Death (MODICOD) and in which the authors participate in representation of Spain. The present work describes the phases of this protocol and exemplifies it with the date of Spanish causes of death for the period 1980 to 2015, reconstructing series between ICD-9 and ICD-10. The results obtained ensuring the monitoring of 6,902 rubrics of continuous and homogenized causes of death at a fourth digit level of the ICD-10, which for the first time is established at a level of the fourth digit of the ICD-10, that are configured as a demographic-epidemiological methodological instrument. 

A model of analysis about the research process as a whole is proposed based on seven basic questions: what, who or what things, where, when, how, for what purpose and why to investigate. The aim is to reconstruct the logic commanding the definition of a phenomenon individuated conceptually, spatiotemporally as an object of knowledge, and also the modes, objectives and purposes of an inquiry. These seven questions constitute a system of basic problems that, according to the hypothesis of a unified method, account for any research process. The said hypothesis is grounded on a dialectical perspective which highlights some of the fundamental tensions running through the process: available and attainable knowledge, theoretical, abstract and general contents as well as empirical, concrete and singular contents; scientific concepts and common sense. Moreoever, a number of practical consequences are highlighted which can contribute to the teaching of methodology, in addition to the planning and formulation of a research project. This is exemplified by an interdisciplinary research project in the Social Sciences of Labour. 

The economic crisis has forced some Spaniards to apply for social aid. Although it is not possible to adequately quantify how many people are in food deprivation, it is a problem that needs to be diagnosed given its severity. This paper explores the way in which this group manages food aid in a context that is new to them in a double sense: it is the first time that they find themselves without resources to solve their daily needs and this is the first time they request aid social. The data come from in-depth interviews conducted with 14 people who have participated in a food emergency program in 2012. It has been shown that people with severe material deprivation manage food aid with expertise. Nonetheless, this effort does not meet their basic needs because they prioritize other payments before food. It has also been seen that they perceive their situation as provisional and show indignation towards a situation of which they feel victims. They hope to leave this situation through the employment and not through the institutional aid. 

In this article we address the empirical study of shared urban photography in Instagram. We study how three Iberoamerican cities, Buenos Aires, México y Madrid, are represented in the social plaftorm through a dataset of five thousands pictures labeled with the hashtags #buenosaires, #cdmx and #madrid respectively. We propose a distant approach (Moretti, 2007, 2015) based on four techniques of data analysis (Gandolmi and Haider, 2015) applied to cultural research. We inquire about the ways in which the cities are represented by the users on the platform, identifying also some social uses of hahstags. At the methodological level, we explore the possibilities of data analytics to conduct a sociocultural study. At last, we draw some conclusions about data-based research methods, the highlights of urban representations for each city in a comparative way, and the social usage of shared photography in Instagram. 

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Within the social sciences, methodological debates contribute to the understanding of social research. This paper discusses one way of understanding the role of the investigator in relation to the approach and analysis of the object/subject of study. The objective is to question the use of the researcher's metaphor as a craftsman. This image appears in the 1950s in order to explain the creativity required by the research process and qualitative data analysis. However, the artisan's metaphor represents a deductive approximation of the researcher to the subject/object of study. On the contrary, the qualitative analysis is oriented by inductive procedures. The metaphor of the hunter after the prey is then proposed as a resource with a paradigmatic and epistemological consistency that contributes to the understanding and training in the qualitative research. 

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In the context of a growing presence of visual methods in social research, photovoice is positioned as a participatory methodological strategy combining photography production and community action, with an explicit influence of the feminist perspective. However, the links between the photovoice methodology and feminist thought have not been sufficiently elaborated and have been mostly limited to the task of identifying community needs for women and other subjects considered marginalized. In this paper we propose a re-reading of the photovoice methodology in the light of conceptual tools coming from the post-structuralist feminism framed in the third wave. We argue that such redefinition allows updating the links between photovoice and its feminist imprint and broadening its methodological scope. To illustrate this, we present a study conducted with photovoice methodology in a Mexican province, whose objective was to explore the relationship between gender and social action in the experience of activist women. In contrast with its traditional definition, we argue that photovoice can be conceived as a methodological strategy that allows: a) emphasizing the agency of participants; b) diversifying and expanding the social actors to which the methodology is directed; c) critically examining politics of representations and intervene in the cultural and symbolic order; d) privileging the emergence of “situated knowledge” and the connections between different perspectives; and e) implementing in the methodological level the feminist principle according to which ‘the personal is political’. We conclude by proposing that this particular re-reading of photovoice allows to enrich its methodological potentialities as it enables a renewed articulation between feminist epistemologies, participatory perspectives, exploration of subjectivity and action-oriented research. 

This article analyzes the notions of social representations and imaginaries through the study of journalistic texts in three case studies belonging to three areas of national events in Chile: the student movement of 2011, the drug-crime association and the Chilean-Mapuche conflict. The main objective is to reflect on the notions of social representations and imaginaries and differentiate them in the analyzed texts with the objective of identifying the contributions of these notions in the construction of a social reality, in the sense of Berger and Luckmann (1976). It is proposed as a thesis that the notions of social representations and imaginaries refer us to levels of differentiated analysis regarding the construction and interpretation of social reality. The representations lead to a plane of the apparent, while the social imaginaries constitute the foundational plane of meaning of society. The methodology used is of a qualitative nature and the Content Analysis is applied to the case study that concerns the student movement of 2011, the Sociological Analysis of the Discourse for the case study that deals with the drug-crime association and the Discourse Analysis for study the mediatization of the Mapuche Chilean conflict. The results of the work highlight the importance of application of the notions of representations and social imaginaries to the study of the written press in what concerns the study of social reality. Likewise, this work deepens in the distinction between imaginaries and representations with the objective of proposing research clues for the study of journalistic texts. 

We present the methodological process of a qualitative, longitudinal and collaborative research on the transition to motherhood and fatherhood in Spain.  We have interviewed double income couples in two time of their life cycle, during pregnancy of the first baby and between one year and a half and two years after birth. This longitudinal research has four advantages 1. The changes of ideas, plans and attitudes can be studied without biases of selective memory, something usual in the access to retrospective information. 2. Working as a team and in a collaborative way allows us to obtain a wide sample formed by two socioeconomically and homogeneous sub-samples, being able to access the diversity of discourses with enormous analytical potential. 3. Studying both members of the couples, -their practices, perceptions and justifications-, enriches the analysis compared to studies that have only the perspective of one partner, and allows us to better analyze topics that suffer from  biases of political correctness such as those related to gender, motherhood and fatherhood. 4.Demonstrating, specifying, and justifying the methodological process guarantees the quality and validity of the substantive research, providing information of archive and back room.