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546,196 artículos
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Uribe Sierra, Sergio Elías
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article analyzes mining in the Mexican state of Zacatecas from an ecological, economic and social metabolism theoretical perspective, using a mixed methodology. The qualitative analysis estimated the environmental surplus of the main metals at the national and state levels, while the qualitative analysis used four local case studies to examine the social and cultural dimensions. Findings suggest that researchers need a clearer understanding of the various problems arising from miningextractivism and point to the need for more comprehensive accounting in production which includes factors absent from the macroeconomic data, such as ecological damage, forced displacement, disruptions to the local economy, human rights violations, and social conflict. The article concludes that mining policy should be redesigned with due consideration given to these factors.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Mideros, Andrés
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
The paper reports on an ex-ante evaluation of the long-term effect of the Ecuadorian social transfer programme called “Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH)” on human capital accumulation. A dynamic cohort microsimulation model is used to analyse for cost-effectiveness of different policy scenarios. Results show that cash transfers do promotehuman capital accumulation but with rather small effect. Transfers targeted at critical ages are the most cost-effective to promote human capital accumulation
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Sanchez Torres, Roberto Mauricio; Manzano Murillo, Lizeth Dayana; Maturana Cifuentes, Laura Antonia
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
Labor informality, associated with low income, increases a household’s likelihood of being poor and experiencing precarious living conditions. The aim of this article is to study the relationship between labor informality and both monetary and multidimensional poverty in Bogota, the capital of Colombia, and its Metropolitan Area (MA). Based on the Multipurpose Survey, the article estimates levels of labor informality and pay gaps, as well as indicators of monetary and multidimensional poverty. This article also simulated various scenarios to identify the levels of poverty reduction as a result of a potential formalization and closing of gaps by segmentation, highlighting the heterogeneities between areas of Bogota and its Metropolitan Area (MA).
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Salas-Razo, Guillermo; Juárez-Hernández, Luis Gibran
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article studies the construct validity and reliability of the instrument “analytical rubric for the comprehensive diagnosis of development levels in rural communities”. The instrument was applied to 351 inhabitants of rural communities, using exploratory factorial analysis. Findings show that the factorial model consisted of four dimensions: i) organizational, economic-environmental, and educational access conditions; ii) infrastructure; iii) governance; and iv) social and cultural conditions, which account for over 58% of the differences. Regarding reliability, an optimal value was obtained globally (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.800) and was also significant across all dimensions.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Cajas Guijarro, John
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article revisits capitalist reproduction with a focus on equilibrium, networks, and competition. Thus, after a literature review, a three-stage model of capitalist reproduction is presented: 1) Equilibrium in goods markets is shown to limit the sectoral distribution of employment; 2) Monetary networks are proposed to reinterpret simple and extended reproduction using Markov chains, and 3) the role of intersectoral competition is incorporated to explain the emergence of the long-run average rate of profit, and some factors that could hinder this emergence are brought to light. The article then presents the main conclusions and possible avenues for future research on the complexity of capitalist reproduction.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Santillán Hernández, Alma Sofía; Vargas Sánchez, Juan Roberto
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article analyzes the relationship between child labor and school performance in mathematics in Mexican elementary and high school students at a national level. The analysis employs the instrumental variables method, given that the joint modeling of child labor and school performance can generate endogeneity. Even after controlling for household poverty, educational modality, and the degree of marginalization of the community, findings show that the effect of child labor on school performance is negative, regardless of whether a child is employed in a family enterprise or not, at both school levels. Analysis of gender reveals that there is evidence that this effect is more pronounced in girls than in boys
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Aguilar Barceló, José G.; Acuña Garcés, René A.
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
The literature on the labor matching process tends to focus on developedcountries while ignoring less-developed countries, which are characterized by the absence of unemployment insurance and a high number of self-employed workers. Thisarticle incorporates the occupational choice of self-employment into a labor market matching function (MF) through a choice process using agent-based models and an “entrepreneurial propensity” indicator based on market wages
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Aroche, Fidel; Molina del Villar, Tania; Zárate Gutiérrez, Ricardo
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article analyzes the intersectoral relationships that characterized the economic structures of three countries during the 1980s and the first half of the 2000s (Mexico, 2003; South Korea and Spain, 2005). The present article attempts to explain potential growth trajectories using structural sensitivity analysis and the important coefficients (IC) by tolerable limits (LT) methodology, elaborating a typology of intersectoral articulation in each economy based on the characteristics of the countries’ respective productive structures
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Meneses, Karla; Yanez, Andrea; León-Mena, Jennyfer; Aguirre, Kamila
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article examines how effective education institutions improve educational achievement, regardless of students’ socioeconomic backgrounds. The paper utilizes amultilevel model using data from the Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (TERCE) for Ecuadorian students in reading and mathematics. Findings show that between 31 and 52% of the variation in test results is due to differences between schools, thus underlining the importance of the compensatory effect of schools in promoting equality of opportunity
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Ordóñez, Sergio
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
The global financial-productive crisis of 2007-2009 inaugurated a new era of protectionism, as opposed to globalization, as a process for constructing a new global space in response to a new phase of capitalist development. In this new context, the electronic-computing and telecommunications sector (SE-IT) constitutes the dynamic nucleus of a new industrial cycle, around which the most highly-internationalized global production networks (GPNs) operate; Mexico can be considered a sector of intermediate size. Mexico’s initial effect on the GPNs in the dynamic core accentuates the regionalization processes around the main world nodes of China, Germany, and the US, with Mexico deepening its productive integration and GPNs with the US and diversifying its imports from third countries.
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