Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The object of this study was the construction and pilot study of an instrument for evaluating factors associated to individuals’ willingness towards organ donation. The Questionnaire about Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs consists of 22 items Likert type of self administration. It was answered by 244 adults, guardians of 10 schools from Concepcion, Chile, who belonged to the middle and lower socioeconomic levels. An Exploratory Factor Analysis was done under the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Varimax rotation, which derived in five factors: a) reliance on the process of donation and transplantation, b) communication about organ donation within the family, c) ideological beliefs on organ donation, d) knowledge about organ donation and transplantation, and e) autonomy on the choice of donation. The reliance was measured through the Alfa of Cronbach and the relationship among the factors, through r of Pearson. It was established that the instrument is pertinent and reliable and a new application is proposed, to be administered on a bigger sample that includes individuals from the higher socioeconomic levels. 

The working conditions in intensive care units (ICUs) are related to a high risk of burnout. In this study we aim to measure the influence of rumination and social support on burnout and psychological well-being in members of the staff of an ICU in a reference hospital in Chile. We proposed a model showing an indirect influence of brooding mediated by social support and burnout on the psychological well-being. We surveyed one hundred and thirty six employees (81.9% of the total) of ages 23 to 59 years of age. This sample consisted of 85.3% women and 14.7% men. We used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being (PWB), Zimet’s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Ruminative Responses Scale by Treynor et al (RRS). Results indicated direct relations between social support and well-being, and between brooding and burnout. They also indicated inverse relations between social support and burnout, and between brooding and well-being. The mediation model showed adequate indices of fit. 

The central interest of this document is to reflect on the ethical responsibility of the nursing educator in the promotion of the health and quality of life of university students, taking into account that nursing is considered a profession that benefits the people which has a close relationship with. To promote a good health in students is a task that implies ethical duties for society, institutions of higher education, of health and essentially for nursing. A nursing professsional is indispensable to produce changes in the lifestyles of the students through the rights and ethical duties that emanate from dignity and that is essential in the education of the youngest. As university educators we must accept the responsibility of promoting healthy lifestyles that protect the health of students and therefore the quality of life of them as future integral professionals.

In this article the psychological experience and needs shown in the discourse of women diagnosed with breast cancer in a psychological group intervention was analyzed. The sessions are transcribed and a discourse analysis is performed, selecting the most prevailing topics. The main psychological difficulties perceived by the participants are the following: body identity change, sexuality changes, new quality of interpersonal relationships, implications of positive thinking culture, fear of recurrence, the relationship with the hospital staff and change after diagnosis. The aspects of the group considered to be helpful are also addressed, i.e. feeling understood by the others, seeing the rest of participants as coping models, changing their relationship with the illness. Several clinical implications are highlighted in order to improve a comprehensive care.

Celiac disease alters emotional state, social relations, autonomy and health perception, affecting the health related quality of life. The objectives were to determine the health related quality of life in adolescents and adults with celiac disease and to investigate the factors that affect it. We included 114 subjects. The mean age was 30 ± 10 years and 58% were female. The quality of life was good in 25%, regular in 49% and bad in 26%. The factors significantly associated with a better quality of life were the female sex, the age group >30 years and carry out activities outside the home. In conclusion, the quality of life of celiac adolescents and adults is regular in 49% of respondents.

The transdiagnostic model is based on the evaluation and treatment of the etiological and maintainer variables of the mental disorders. The objective was to establish the relationship between the transdiagnostic variables, perfectionism, rumination, positive and negative affect, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty, with stress, anxiety and depression.  333 adult participants convened by a non-probabilistic incidental sampling, whose ages range from 18 to 70 years old (M= 28, SD= 8.70), a 37.40% men and a 62.54% women, single (66.27%), University (65.57%) mainly. Was conducted a cross-sectional predictive non-experimental study. In the results were found significant correlations between anxiety and depression, as well as intolerance of uncertainty and perfectionism, and depression with positive and negative affect and perfectionism. In stress were found significant correlations between rumination and emotional style. The predictive model emphasized the intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity and positive and negative affect to predict anxiety (r2 = .43), depression (r2 = .37) and stress (r2 = .17). It was concluded that the results provide evidence for the transdiagnostic model for anxiety and depression and to a lesser extent for stress. 

Urban development together with uncontrolled construction in endemic areas of leishmaniasis has resulted in a series of environmental transformations that have promoted the spread of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with the adaptation sandflies transmitters to these urban environments. This study aims to determine the presence of sandflies and the epidemiological factors associated with the transmission of leishmaniasis in an urban area of Zea, Venezuela. Five methods of catching sandflies were used indoors in two urbanizations in Zea, Venezuela. Through a survey-type instrument, the epidemiological variables associated with the transmission of leishmaniasis in the housing estates were determined. The presence in the urban dwellings of Lutzomyia youngi, Lutzomyia spinicrassa, Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia ovallesi, Lutzomyia walkeri, Lutzomyia venezuelensis, Lutzomyia atroclavata and Lutzomyia lichyi were demonstrated. 62.5% of the species caught in urbanized areas have antropohematophagy habits. A 67% and 80% of infestation was determined in the dwellings of the studied urbanizations. It was evidenced a low level of knowledge in the inhabitants mainly on the sandflies, which increases the risk of domiciliation and transmission of leishmaniasis, the control entities are warned to implement preventive and educational measures. 

We propose the analysis of some behavioral issues which affect communication in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) relative to their environment in order to develop a proposal of communication based on the framework of a relational anthropology. A bibliographical review was developed, along with a theoretical proposal. Behavior is understood as a co-constructive relationship between the individual and their environment, while communication is seen as a condition of this relationship. Several advances and opinions about gestuality and non-verbal behavior in people with PD are reviewed from the perspectives which emphasize both the deficit as a non-motor sign of Parkinson and compensatory strategies. Taking as a theoretical framework the relational point of view of human behavior, this article puts forward a co-constructive approach of non-verbal behavior in people with PD, which promotes the idea of health in the context of a chronic illness through the same possibilities that the characteristics of behavior offer, primarily through the phenomenon of paradoxical kinesia.  

La Porges Polyvagal Perspective introdujo una nueva idea que relaciona la función autonómica con el comportamiento, que incluye una apreciación del sistema nervioso autónomo como "sistema", la identificación de circuitos neuronales implicados en la regulación del estado autonómico y una interpretación de la reactividad autonómica adaptable dentro del contexto de la filogenia del sistema nervioso autónomo vertebrado, haciendo énfasis en la comprensión de los mecanismos neurofisiológicos y cambios filogenéticos en la regulación neural

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to excessive alcohol use in young people in Puerto Rico. A qualitative exploratory study was carried out in which 20 young adults (10 men and 10 women) between the ages of 21 and 29 years were interviewed. The data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis approach. Young people identified more social and cultural factors than individual ones. Some of the most mentioned social factors include the family and the advertising campaigns that are transmitted by the media. They indicated that the values of acceptance and use of alcohol start to be transmitted thorough the family. They mentioned that the advertising campaigns are aimed at highlighting the need to consume alcohol as an essential condition to have fun. They also mentioned that there are young people who use alcohol as a mechanism to deal with the problems they face. This study documents some of the most relevant factors related to alcohol use in young people. Prevention efforts should be aimed at minimizing those risk factors present in the Puerto Rican and possibly Latin American culture