Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The present research corresponds to a non-experimental cross-sectional study that analyzed the effects of the trait-state anxiety variables on positive affectivity and satisfaction with life. Following a convenience sampling, participants were 742 university students. The instruments used were the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the positive affects dimension of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Structural Equation Models were conducted to assess the effect of the studied variables on wellbeing. Results showed that the trait-anxiety model presents slight inverse relations (b < 0.10; Cohen, 1988) with life satisfaction and positive affectivity, while the state-anxiety model presents moderate relations (b < 0.30). This last one is a better predictor of life satisfaction and positive affectivity. The overall model presents an adequate fit to data (RMSEA = 0.037, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.049). It is concluded that state anxiety has a stronger effect on wellbeing indicators.

This study focused on analyzing the organization of a multidisciplinary team in charge of managing the school social climate policy, in a municipal high school located in an urban setting in Valdivia, Chile. The study addresses its conformation, as well as the barriers observed in the process of organizing and implementing the school social climate policy. To answer these questions a qualitative case study was carried out, which main tools were 3 participatory workshop meetings with the team, 4 semi-structured individual interviews with other educational actors and a group interview with 3 members of the student council. The information was subjected to content analysis. Results show the need for validation within the internal organization of an emerging school social climate team, in the midst of tensions and contradictions coming from the macro, meso, and microsystemic levels. The conflicts, inherent to the schools life, are manifested in the form of tensions between the order, functioning and organization of the school’s educational practice and the emerging fundamentals that the team tries to agree upon to guide the action, all this in a framework of interactions mediated by the exercise of power.

The increase in extreme events caused by climate change carries the need of building coping capacities and empowerment among susceptible and exposed communities before these risky episodes. The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between collective active coping strategies and post-traumatic growing, considering empowerment as a possible mediator. Using a purposive non-probabilistic sampling, 324 households affected by a climatologic disaster in Copiapó (Chile) were surveyed, assessing their coping capacities, empowerment, their impact-of-the-event perceptions, and reassessment of positive changes. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, and simple mediation analysis were performed. Results indicate that active coping capacities correlated directly with post-traumatic community growth, and this association was partially mediated by empowerment according to a path analysis with bootstrapping method. This research contributes to better understanding adaptive coping strategies, particularly focusing on disaster events as potential opportunities for development and wellbeing within specific empowering contexts. In addition, we propose that it is necessary to critically examine current models of community resilience against socionatural disasters.

The COVID-19 pandemic left more than three-quarters of the world's children and young people unable to physically attend school. The crisis is putting pressure on educators and teachers to change the way they give lessons, which might be creating more stressful situations for teachers. Based on an online questionnaire administered nationwide to 6,064 Chilean teachers—enrolled through a non-probability sampling strategy during the pandemic in 2020—, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and linear regressions were performed, using structural equation modeling, to determine the participants' psychological distress level and how it relates to resources and demands of their educational environment as well as to sociodemographic and contextual factors. Overall, results show that the toll on psychological well-being has been heavier for female teachers, those who take care of minors and adults, and those who work in non-subsidized private schools. In addition, having more time to plan lessons and being able to balance work and home duties was found to reduce teachers' psychological distress index. Contrary to expectations, having more resources to facilitate remote work is associated with an increase in teacher psychological distress. These findings lead to reflection on the need for interventions and policies focused on teacher well-being within the context of the ongoing pandemic.

Exposure to psychosocial risks and workplace violence is associated with a higher prevalence of workers' mental health problems. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of workplace violence between psychosocial risks (ISOSTRAIN, effort-reward imbalance), organizational background (tyrannical leadership) and mental health problems (distress) among 1023 workers in three high complexity public hospitals in three regions of Chile. It was hypothesized that exposure to psychosocial risks and some organizational features (tyrannical leadership) is associated with lower levels of mental health and that part of this effect is mediated by exposure to workplace violence. A questionnaire was applied including the Negative Act Questionnaire Revised (NAQ-R), the Psychological Distress Screening, the Destructive Leadership Scale, the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and the Job Content Questionnaire. Path analysis showed that exposure to psychosocial risks, tyrannical leadership and workplace violence increase levels of workers' distress. Part of the effect of psychosocial risks and tyrannical leadership on mental health is mediated by exposure to workplace violence. The article finishes by discussing the need to move forward in developing protocols and prevention of psychosocial risks and workplace violence, particularly in the context of public health work.

The increasing prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) comorbid with arterial hypertension requests the revision and enhancement of available interventions. The goal of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) and other forms of stimulation on cognitive functions. Using a quasi-experimental design and a convenience sampling, the reception of four natural stimuli (physical and intellectual activities, hobbies, work) was collected from 128 hypertensive patients aged over 55 years with cognitive (at least two areas) and vascular impairment. Forty-four of them willingly participated in CR sessions. The effects of CR and natural stimuli on five cognitive functions were compared, three related to language (comprehensive, denominative, and fluent language), global memory and attention, assessed with the ACE Test (attention, memory, verbal fluency and language domains). Multivariate modeling analysis for repeated measures was used, controlling for potentially confounding variables. Main results show that younger age and higher academic trajectory predict better initial levels of the evaluated functions. CR is associated with gains in attention, memory and verbal fluency. Written home cognitive activities show also positive effects. The larger gains are observed in participants with higher cognitive impairment and lower academic trajectories. The postulate of the remaining cognitive reserve would synthesize these phenomena. The study concludes that CR is the preferred form of stimulation, followed by home intellectual exercises for the maintenance and partial recovery of cognitive functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment and hypertension.

Difficulties in negative and positive emotion regulation (i.e., emotion dysregulation) underlie risky behaviors in college emerging adults. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Positive (DERS-P) are widely used to measure emotion dysregulation; however, they lack Spanish-language versions with consistent psychometric properties. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the DERS and the DERS-P in Argentinian college emerging adults. An accidental non-probability sampling process was conducted, yielding a sample of 392 participants (64.54% women) aged 18 to 28 years (M = 21.40; SD = 2.24) who attended 2 public universities in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Confirmatory factor analyses of the original factor structure of the DERS and the DERS-P revealed excellent and satisfactory fit respectively. For both scales, satisfactory internal consistency values (Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability) were observed. The DERS and the DERS-P exhibited evidence of convergent validity with maladaptive strategies and divergent validity with adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation (assessed with the CERQ). Moreover, they exhibited evidence of concurrent validity with Positive Urgency and Negative Urgency (assessed with the UPPS-P scale) and with Positive Affect and Negative Affect (assessed with the PANAS). Replicating these results in samples of students enrolled in a variety of college programs, incorporating the examination of test-retest reliability, migh contribute to the validation of the DERS and the DERS-P in college emerging adults in Argentina.

Phubbing is a communication disturbance that consists in snubbing the company of another person by paying attention to one's mobile phone. It is common in young people and has implications for the quality of social interaction. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), Facebook addiction, feelings of loneliness, age, and phubbing. Using convenience sampling, 209 students from a private university in Lima, Peru, were selected. Their ages ranged from 17 to 37 years, with a mean age of 21.28 years (SD = 3.42). Most were women (64.1%). The study adopted an explanatory design. The Phubbing Scale, the FoMO Scale, the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and the Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale were administered. The data were analyzed through Pearson's linear correlation coefficients and a linear regression model, which showed that FoMO and Facebook addiction have direct effects on phubbing; that age has indirect effects on its variance; and that loneliness does not significantly explain this behavior.

Though gay and lesbian rights have received increasing recognition around the world, prejudice and discrimination have become more covert. The main objective of this study was to validate the 10-item version of the Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS) in its two parallel forms: modern homonegativity towards gay men (MHS-G) and modern homonegativity towards lesbians (MHS-L). The participants in this study were 182 young Chileans from Santiago, aged between 18 and 25 years, who were selected through convenience (non-probability) sampling. A confirmatory factor analysis yielded evidence for the unidimensionality of both versions of the instrument. Both forms of the instrument obtained good indicators of internal consistency according to McDonald's omega (ωgay = 0.91, CI 95% [0.89, 0.93]; ωles = 0.90, CI 95% [0.88, 0.92]). The multigroup analyses conducted suggest that both forms are invariant for men and women as well as between themselves. We found a positive association between modern homonegativity levels and sexism and conservatism levels as well as a negative relationship with positive affects and intentions of establishing contact with gay men and lesbian women. These results offer support for the use of the 2 Chilean versions of the instrument (MHS-G and MHS-L), making available a useful tool for measuring new expressions of prejudice towards gay men and lesbians in Chilean youth.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between time perspective and self-control in young people and adults from Buenos Aires, Argentina. The study design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, inferential, and correlational. Snowball sampling—a nonprobability sampling technique— was used. Participants (n = 560; 65.5% women), aged 18 to 60 years (M = 30.32; SD = 13.17), completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Group difference (Student's t), correlation (Pearson's linear r), multiple linear regression, and path analyses were performed. Mean self-control scores were higher in adults than in young people. Self-control covaried significantly and positively with future and age, covarying negatively with fatalistic present, negative past, and hedonistic present. Three dimensions of time perspective—future, hedonistic present, and negative past—and age explained 44.8% of the variability of self-control scores. Results provide empirical evidence of the relationship between the psychological processing of time and the capacity for self-control.