Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In Chile, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children (WISC-R and WISC-III) has been used massively in the urban and rural school populations, without having studies on its psychometric adjustment in the rural group. The present study explored the psychometric properties (evidence of internal structure validity and internal consistency) of the WISC-V in rural schoolchildren. An intentional non-probabilistic sample of 160 students between 6 and 16 years of age belonging to 4 educational establishments in the Maule region and 9 in La Araucanía, was evaluated. Three factorial models composed of 7, 10 and 15 subtests were tested. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show adequate fit indices in these three models, consistent with the theoretical proposal by the author of the scale and especially better for the models with 7 and 10 primary subtests. Regarding reliability, adequate levels of internal consistency are observed, ranging between acceptable and good, in all the subtests in which this indicator could be calculated. Based on these results and for interpretive purposes, the use of the model composed of 10 primary subtests and the CIT as an estimator of general cognitive functioning in the Chilean rural population is recommended.

This paper studies the perceptions about university access, sense of effort, meritocracy, and social inequalities of students from 8 elite Chilean higher education institutions. Using 1773 responses to a questionnaire that was applied to a stratified sample of students from these universities, regression models that control for differences between socioeconomic groups, types of university and time of stay are estimated. The results show that the type of university is the main axis of differentiation in these perceptions, with traditional university students being more skeptical of meritocracy and individualistic explanations than their peers from emerging private universities. Furthermore, there is a relative homogeneity within each type of university, except in those items related to university entrance. It is concluded that the different types of elite institutions are a relevant distinction for understanding the diversity of perceptions that exist among those who transit through these highly influence spaces at the national level.

Confirmed HIV/AIDS cases are increasing year by year. HIV is mainly transmitted through sexual risk behaviors and other associated behavioral factors such as perceived HIV risk, sexual self-concept, and attitude toward condom use, among others. Given that new HIV cases are concentrated in northern Chile, the purpose of this study was to characterize behaviors associated with HIV exposure in a sample of young people and young adults from the Norte Grande region of Chile using a cross-sectional, descriptive design, with non-probabilistic accidental sampling by quotas (sex, educational level, and city of residence). A total of 1037 young people and adults from the 5 main cities of Chile's Norte Grande (Arica, Iquique, Alto Hospicio, Antofagasta, and Calama) were surveyed. Data were collected using 6 scales relating to behaviors associated with HIV exposure. Detailed item-level descriptions showed that inadequate condom use, mainly with non-penetrative genital contact, multiple sexual partners, and the use of alcohol and drugs as an active agent in sexual encounters are common practices. Most participants perceive themselves as susceptible to acquiring HIV, consider that condom use reduces sexual pleasure, manifest conservative tendencies in terms of sexual motivation, and report being satisfied with typically monogamous sexual practices. Finally, limitations are discussed, and it is recommended to use these results in the design of sexual health programs and the identification of target populations.

The main aim of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Adolescent Sexism Detection Scale in Castilla-La Mancha region, Spain. This research uses a quantitative methodological strategy and a transversal design. The sample, based on a two-stage sampling in 60 educational centers, is consists of 1840 secondary school students (50,1% women and 49,9% men). Factor analysis reports good psychometric properties for a correlated two-dimensional structure. Fit indices are acceptable: 2/gl = 4,17, GFI = 0,91, IFI = 0,92, TLI = 0,91, CFI = 0,92, SRMR = 0,05, RMSEA = 0,06, AIC = 1145,07. These dimensions coincide with the forms of ambivalent sexism: hostile and benevolent sexism. Reliability of scale and subscales is adequate (α > 0,80). Negative correlations between the Adolescent Sexism Detection Scale and the Students' Attitudes towards Equality Scale confirm discriminant validity. Therefore, the ASD is valid and reliable in adolescents from Castilla-La Mancha.

Introducción: la miasis se define como la infestación de animales domésticos y salvajes, así como del hombre por estados larvarios de varias especies de dípteros que se alimentan de tejidos vivos o muertos o del alimento ingerido por el hospedero. Puede encontrarse en genitales, extremidades, cráneo, boca y párpados.Presentación de caso: se presenta el caso de un paciente, masculino de procedencia rural de 56 años de edad. Acude remitido de su área de salud por presentar varias ulceras a nivel del pene acompañado de aumento de volumen del mismo con secreciones fétidas, prurito y dolor. Se ingresa para estudio y tratamiento en sala. Se le diagnosticó miasis genital a nivel del glande. Tuvo una evolución satisfactoria en sala mediante curas locales y el tratamiento con antimicrobianos.Discusión: la miasis genital es poco común, probablemente por el aislamiento que ejerce la ropa al contacto con las moscas, sin embargo, la vestimenta corta predispone una mayor ovoposición en esta zona debido a una exposición más asequible, puede imitar lesiones inflamatorias o ulcerosas. De hecho, esta infestación parasitaria se ha asociado con determinadas enfermedades urogenitales de aspecto tumoral.Conclusiones: indiscutiblemente la inadecuada higiene de los genitales es un factor determinante en la aparición de la miasis.

In this article, the results of a survey of trans childhood and adolescence (RIAT) carried out in Argentina in the pandemic context including isolation and social distancing. This survey was carried out by an Interdisciplinary and Intercultural collective in collaboration with a score of social organizations and state sectors. The thematic axes considered were: identity, affections, education, health, state and social accompaniment, and rectification of documents for which qualitative-quantitative data were collected. Likewise, there is a participatory and collaborative knowledge production process developed and oriented towards the generation of situated public policies that are respectful from a Human Rights perspective.

More than halfway through his term in office, the six-year term of Andrés Manuel López Obrador at the head of the Mexican State is already showing its transit routes. This text supports the hypothesis that the self-styled "Fourth Transformation", the name given to the social movement that brought him to the presidency, is, above all, a change in the terms of the "social equation", a category with which René Zavaleta sought to account for the totality of a social formation. The change is expressed in what is traditionally understood as a reform of the State with very specific emphases. In the history of the Mexican State, rather than a radical overturn or rupture, it is a transformation in very specific ties and segments that generate a reformulation of the political regime.

This article analyzes police violence against sexual dissidents happened during the protests that began on October 18, 2019, in Chile, through three police cases whose reports reveal testimonies and the subsequent actions that involved activists and academics. From a decolonial perspective, this article expands content and reflections on such reports, highlighting their production process and their practical scope with respect to epistemic justice. This study affirms, in its conclusions, that violence against sexual dissidents was supported by racism, revealing its role as a pivot for the reproduction of epistemic injustice.

This article summarizes part of the results of our research on the political and economic dynamics of Brazil and Mexico between 2003 and 2015, comparing progressive-leaning and neoliberal-leaning governments respectively. We characterize the political pact established between the government and social classes in each country during these years, from a critical perspective with emphasis on class-conflict and struggle for hegemony between the ruling classes and popular field. Our conclusions are that a new class coalition could be established during a part of the period in Brazil, taking advantage of a favourable external context, that differed from the neo-liberal arrangement maintained in Mexico. However, those efforts were unable to continue in place once the beneficial scenario ceased to exist.