Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Female leadership in Amazonian indigenous populations has been marked over the last decades by the socio-environmental conflicts generated by the irruption of extractiveindustries. Nevertheless, the presence of women in formal areas of power is still incipient. In 2014, Nuevo Paraíso is one of the five parish governments of the South of the Ecuadorian Amazon chaired by a woman, in this case, a Shuar woman. This article analyzes through conversational techniques, direct observation, and review of scientific literature and official documents of local organizations, how the increase in female participation in this context can complicate political discourses and practices by revealing the need to transform political systems. of internal discrimination that affect women within their cultures.

Digital technologies and the world of the Internet offer an immeasurable informational, dynamic, interactive and pragmatic contribution. However, they also constitute a threat at a social, cognitive, economic, political, mental and academic level, capable of positioning such logic in the pedagogical sector. Thus, artificial intelligence, algorithms and Big Data have begun to demonstrate the great power that these technologies have, in a society that is increasingly oriented towards automation, the presence of smart devices and connections between subjects and things. For this reason, the purpose of this interpretive reflections (analogically) revolves around the configuration that a renewed educational hybrid supposes, particularly within the Venezuelan context, added to the phenomenon of automation and intelligent technologies, due to the global impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and its repercussions.

In this article we address, from a comprehensive perspective, the socio-territorial dynamics that emerged between 1990 and 2020, in the border crossing between Cúcuta  (Colombia) and Ureña (Venezuela), based on the behavior analysis of the migratory flow that runs through this crossing. The methodology used is that of the case study and the sources are qualitative. The information gathered allows us to consider that, during the period studied, social conflict increased in this border crossing, due to the dispute for the control and appropriation of the border zone by illegal actors, interested in making the intensification of migratory flows in the direction of both countries profitable, due to the political instability that has marked the recent history of both sides of the border, during the period studied.

The rural and urban classification in Costa Rica has been a dichotomous practice that divides urban from the “rest”, it divides urban from the agricultural and remote spaces.The Costa Rican institutions, with a need to classify space as urban or rural, have created or modified the methodology to carry this dichotomous practice based on their own needs, their specialization and their benefits. As a result of it, when a comparison of space classification is made into rural or urban (mainly used for districts), the results between institutions are dissimilar and difficult to compare and standardize. A consequence of this is the creation of incoherent public policy and concrete actions where the institutionality does not understand, in the same way, the space typology, its characteristics and its dynamics. This work shows the current differences among some institutions (the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, the Institute of Rural Development, the National Institute of Housing and Urbanism, and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) in their urban-rural classification of districts and consequently, their understanding of spaces in the urban-rural continuum and the socio-cultural characteristics of its habitants.

In this article, a longitudinal study of documentary data was carried out to create an urban well-being index. The urban well-being derived from the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses linked to the multicultural, adequate, sustainable and healthy situation of the cities of Oaxaca, Mexico is assessed. This index was subjected to a descriptive statistical and network análisis. It was evidenced that there is no city that stands out from the rest with a high index of well-being. The hypothesis that the cities of Oaxaca have high urban well-being is rejected, since the cities have low values. The index considered in the article can be as an alternative to assess the welfare of cities, as well as the particular attention they require.

The purpose for this article, is to provide look at the research and reflections about the teaching of history, disseminated through articles published in academic journals, in the last five years (2016-2021), with the aim of evidencing which are the topics of interest and the contributions that are proposed for the development of the field of history teaching in Colombia. From the analysis of the selected articles, it was possible to determine three approaches in which common perspectives converge: The interest in recent history; the concern for didactics and didactic resources for the history teaching; and the possibilities of regional history in school scenarios.

This text tries to show how the Colombian medical language of the late 19th and early 20th centuries makes the body an object of discourse under the rigors of deformingdisease or monstrous conformation linked to a specific field of knowledge: clinical semiology that captures the bodily rhizomatic experience of the pathological. A series of cases and reflections on tumor pathologies allow us to take a glimpse into the way in which clinical semiology involves a field of discursive operations between a plane of expression and a plane of content with the aim of making intelligible, within what can be conceived between the normal and the pathological, the body that displays the face of the deformed and the monstrous, not only before the eyes of the human being, but of a whole society disturbed by the uninformed, the disordered, the Other.

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This article presents a critical balance of the research that has been carried out in the last three decades on the subject of work (i.e. labor); specifically those studies that analyze the transformations in the world of work, to work in the textile “maquila” sector and call centers. Our literature review focuses on these two economic sectors because it responds to a research project whose theme revolves around the working conditions and employment of people working in the textile “maquila” sector and call centers. This focus considers both as two clear examples of socioeconomic activities that respond to the process of globalization of which we are a part today and live the consequences derived from this socioeconomic model. The textile “maquila” is part of new forms ofwork which originated at the end of the 20th century, anchored in the logic of production chains, while call centers are part of the process of outsourcing production in the 21st century, based on the promotion of contracting services. Both sectors contribute to the development of the tertiarization of the economy in the Costa Rica.

The objective of this article is to propose a conceptual and theoretical framework to understand the perceptions, attitudes and types of masculinities, as present aspects among the population and the adoption, or not, of the population measures in Costa Rica during the second middle of the 20th century. The construction of the proposal was made from the review of secondary bibliography. The main reflection is, despite the fact that in Costa Rica there was no policy with specific objectives to control the birth rate, there was the creation of a series of institutions with population objectives. In individual action in the face of these institutions and objectives, mediated by the context and the impulse of the State (of the entire apparatus developed between national and international institutions), gender perceptions, attitudes and roles, as well as the influence of actors like the catholic church.