Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: to analyze the relationship between Quality of Life and consumption of psychoactive substances in the students of African Continental Ancestry Groups. Method: this was an epidemiological, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study carried out between August and November 2017 with adolescents enrolled in an Afro-Brazilian school in the northeast region. A simple random sampling procedure was adopted. For the data collection, the following instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, a survey on the Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref), and a survey about consumption of psychoactive substances (DUSI - Drug Use Screening Inventory). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups. Results: the population consisted of 203 students; 123 (60.3%) of them were female; 108 (53.2%) were aged between 16 and 19 years old, and 157 (77.3%) considered themselves black. As for drug use, 101 (49.8%) adolescents reported to have used at least one licit or illegal drug. Alcohol was the most used drug (88 students in total). The adolescents who reported using psychoactive substances in the last month had a lower Quality of Life score in the physical (p<0,05), psychological (p<0,05), and environmental domains (p<0,05). Conclusion: the consumption of licit and illicit substances proved to be a point of great importance for the quality of life of adolescents of African ancestry and the perception of aspects related to the context in which they are inserted.

Objective: to verify the relationship between the time spent in providing care and the main needs of the family caregiver of hospitalized elderly people in palliative care. Method: this was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. It was carried out with 205 family caregivers of elderly people undergoing palliative care in a large hospital in a Northeast of Brazil capital. The data collection took place between August and October 2019 using a validated questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, care time, and 21 questions related to basic human needs. A chi-square test was used to verify the relationship between the aspects of each dimension (physical, emotional, social and spiritual) and the length of care; a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: family caregivers had high percentages of needs related to emotional control, conflict resolution with themselves, difficulty leaving home, making plans and being able to carry them out, and suppressing their economic and financial demands related with the longer time spent in monitoring their beloved one. Conclusion: the results of this study provide a profile of the main needs for family caregiver. This makes evident that caregivers need support from the health team in order to develop strategies for their emotional control, minimize their conflicts with themselves, review their personal demands, and maintain a routine of leisure activities while also feeling good to perform future plans.

Introduction: chronic renal failure is considered an important public health problem since both the disease and the treatment have profound impacts on the entire life context of the affected person. Objective: to understand the repercussions of chronic renal failure in the biopsychosocial context of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methodology: this is a descriptive, qualitative study developed in a regional reference hospital for the treatment of hemodialysis in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Twenty people with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis took part in the study; all of them were over 18 years old. The data collection was carried out in December 2019 through a semi-structured interview. Subsequently, the data were systematized through Content Analysis. Results: the study showed that renal failure brings multidimensional repercussions to the patients due to the difficulties in entering the world market, difficulties related to food and water restrictions, limitations related to leisure and the physical activity practices, and the impact on sexuality. However, despite the limitations caused by the disease, patients showed themselves resilient in highlighting the importance of the treatment to guarantee their quality of life. Conclusion: the study points to the need of building specific policies aimed at reducing the impact caused by chronic renal failure since it is a chronic and irreversible disease that requires permanent treatment. Furthermore, the findings confirm the need for individualized assessment and the provision of holistic and humanized care by health professionals as a way to minimize the impact of the illness.

Introduction: During the pandemic, access to digital healthcare information expanded. Objective: To evidence the themes related to health education activities most accessed by Brazilians during the pandemic. Method: This was a descriptive, exploratory, retrospective, and mixed study carried out in January 2021. The data were collected through a remote questionnaire with nurses and later applied via Google Trends (GT) for the April to August 2020 time period. The themes were distributed in three dimensions: prevention measures, signs and symptoms, and post-positive testing care. The analysis took place according to the GT methodology based on geographic distribution. Results: Regarding prevention measures, there was a greater tendency to access the masks’ theme, especially in the state of Amazonas. As for signs and symptoms, the topic of fever was the most accessed, especially in Bahia. Regarding care after COVID-19 positive testing, the theme of quarantine prevailed, concentrating on the state of São Paulo. Conclusion: The identification of the health education themes most accessed by Brazilians during the pandemic provides subsidies to think about strategic plans. In addition, professionals must dialogue with the various digital technologies available in contemporary society, so that such themes have a positive impact on the population's health.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a disabling event of worldwide importance with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objective: The aim was to analyze the international scientific evidence on the nursing process of caring for adult patients with traumatic brain injury. Method: This was an integrative review conducted from February to March 2020 in six databases. The descriptors "hospitalized patients", "critical care", "nursing care", "nursing process", "traumatic brain injury" and "multiple traumatic brain injury" were matched through the Boolean operators AND/OR. The studies were analyzed through a data reduction method: they were contrasted with each other. This in turn generated the synthesis. Results: The results highlight the hemodynamic monitoring, the application of the Glasgow coma scale, and the update of a care package as part of the nursing process. Furthermore, the results also highlight the need to develop nursing diagnoses and interventions. Conclusion: There is a gap regarding the formulation of nursing diagnoses and interventions linked to the nursing process, as well as the description of the ideal parameters to be checked when monitoring patients.

The paper identifies the level of importance determined by the consumer as far as traveling and discovering new destinations are concerned, after the lockdown caused by the health crisis triggered by the coronavirus pandemic. A sample of 445 respondents is used, and an ordered logit econometric model is applied to estimate the importance level of travelling and enjoying a new destination considering the respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and the level of importance attributed to meeting new people, visiting their families, going back to work, meeting their friends, eating out in a restaurant and attending musical and other cultural events. The main conclusions are related to consumers who believe it is very important to travel for specific reasons, such as meeting new people and friends or visiting their families, eating out in a restaurant or attending musical or other cultural events. Family and friends play an important role, considering that to visit them is seen as a priority. This study provides a relevant assessment regarding the priorities defined by the consumers in the scope of the discovery of new destinations, thus providing inputs to the different stakeholders involved in the definition of strategies for the promotion of tourism destinations.

El artículo presenta dos estudios, uno desarrollado en el año 2019 y otro en el 2020, que tuvieron como objetivo general describir la percepción de estudiantes de nivel superior de educación sobre el clima de clase -presencial y virtual- y el compromiso académico antes y durante la pandemia. En total participaron 211 estudiantes argentinos, 102 del primer estudio con una edad media de 20,55 años (SD= 3,7), y 109 del segundo estudio, con un promedio de 22,3 años (SD=4,1). La investigación se desarrolló bajo una metodología mixta, utilizando para la recolección de datos tres instrumentos, dos estandarizados, para valorar clima de la clase y compromiso académico, y el otro de preguntas abiertas. Los resultados encontrados, en términos generales, mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la comparación por año, especialmente en todas las dimensiones del compromiso académico y del clima del aula, a excepción de equipamiento, a favor de la educación en pandemia. Asimismo, dan cuenta de la importancia de expandir los contextos educativos, promover la agencia y repensar la evaluación. Concluyendo sobre la importancia de pensar una educación en transición que valore aspectos positivos de la presencialidad y la virtualidad.

A classroom session with children with ages between 5 and 6 years old in which learning of communicative aspects of writing is promoted (what is it written for, for whom, where, etc.) is analysed. Emergent Literacy is understood as a complex process that transcends the mere graphic technique and aims to study textual production as a sophisticated product. For this purpose, a didactic sequence is designed within the framework of a project that is implemented in the classroom, with which audio recordings are obtained and are later transcribed. The results show, taking the analysis of emerging categories as a reference, that children access the linguistic knowledge promoted due to the fact that the literacy activity takes place in the socioconstructivist framework, focused on the dialogic activity. To conclude, the main findings are presented and discussed in the light of different connected research. In addition, the implications of this research for the didactics of the written language in the first school years are considered.

Aim: To analyze the professional competence of nurses in trauma units. Methods: This was a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study developed with 47 nurses who work in four areas of the trauma unit of a public hospital in the Northeast of Brazil. A validated Likert Scale questionnaire was applied to evaluate the professional competence of nurses during emergencies; this scale included sociodemographic variables, professional training, a fictitious case, and a self-assessment of daily activities related to the reality of work. The data collection was carried out from July to September 2019. To analyze the data, the researchers employed descriptive statistics or the SPSS software and a qui-square test to verify the significance using a p value of <0.05. Results: It was observed that the majority of the nurses were female specialists who had more than one employment relationship. Regarding the domains “Work Relations” and “Professional Practice”, the nurses assessed themselves as “highly competent” or “extremely competent” in all the actions that portray the reality of work in which they are immersed. In the “Professional Excellence” domain, the action “periodically participates in realistic simulation in emergencies” was the only one evaluated as “little competent”. In the fictitious case, across all three statements, more than half of the nurses rated the nurse's behavior in the case as “extremely competent”, “very competent”, or “competent”. Conclusion: Most of the nurses do not correctly judge the actions performed by the nurse in a fictitious case, even when they self-assess themselves as competent in the actions they perform daily. The study also raises the need for the service to invest in permanent professional training endeavor to guarantee competent labor and high-quality care.

Aim: To characterize the perception of mental workload in administrative employees of a municipality in Chile. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a descriptive and cross-sectional design. A two-part questionnaire (bio sociodemographic background and subjective scale of mental workload (SMWS)) was used to survey a total of 47 administrative employees of a municipality in Chile. The 25.0 version of the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the data analysis; this was followed by descriptive statistical calculation of mean, standard deviation, and range. The ethical principles of Ezequiel Emmanuel were respected, and the authorization of the scientific ethical committee was obtained. Results: Those who worked presented a high average global mental workload level (x̄: 3.38). The factors with the highest mental workload exposure were task characteristics (x̄: 4.09) and cognitive demand and task complexity (x̄: 3.89) whereas the work rhythm factor showed the lowest results (x̄: 2.47). Conclusion: The characteristics of the work performed by the administrative personnel force them to perform a mental effort associated with the completion of the task exposed to interruptions and distractions. These characteristics tires them and causes them difficulties to relax after the end of the day; this could cause negative effects on their physical and mental health.