Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper aims to place the analysis of indigenous movements within the global development of capitalism and the modern world-system, trying to offer a decolonial reading of these processes. It has been said that neoliberalism represents the current incarnation of that system, but also symbolizes a cultural project that provides criteria for designing governance policies on indigenous issues. Besides, we review the current trajectory of indigenous movements related to the various state governance strategies, implemented in three Latin American regions: Mesoamerica, the Andean countries and the Southern Cone. Finally, we analyze the counter-hegemonic and transformative potential of contemporary indigenous movements, in attempting to renew cultural values and meanings, questioning the system of power relations and promoting an alternative understanding of development.

One of the movements seeking alternatives to the hegemonic system in the beguining of this millennium is  the solidarity economy that, among other proposals, is launching the alternative currency to boost the movement of products and thus an alternative economy that calls for new ethical values __such as reciprocity and redistribution of wealth. Alternative money has the potential to go beyond facilitating exchanges between individuals, allows people to support each other from what they do (products and services) and at the same time acquiring membership to conform communities based on trust and solidarity. However, the use of communitary currencies (as it is called the alternative currency in a context of solidarity economy) has not been widespread in Mexico due to several factors, which may be mentioned: the need for people to gain weight to pay bills and debts, lack of supply of commodities to be bought with these coins and, especially, the lack of understanding of many potential users that these coins can make radical changes in the market and thus in current society

After twenty years since the restoration of democracy in Chile, the transitional model based on the thought concertacionista, has shown a lack of flexibility and adaptability to new contexts. The matrix of governance established by this model, under assumptions of vertical relations and stability in the institutional structure has been challenged by the emergence of new players with veto power requiring social inclusion and participation in decision making, which determines the need to consolidate a new governance pact. The general objectives of this study are to identify factors obsolescence governance matrix in Chile between 1990 and 2012 and at the same time identify opportunities for establishing a new balance in the interaction of strategic actors. To the above will be described, first, the basic lines of the debate on governance and central aspects of the Chilean model of transition. Then characterize social conflict in Latin America in the light of the macro-level political processes experienced in recent decades. Third, it analyzes some factors that explain the growing social unrest in Chile and genetics of political deviation expressed in new players and repertoires of protest. Finally, we analyze different scenarios to rebalance the relationship between institutional political actors and new actors with social veto.

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the educational component of the investigation ‘cosmovision of unity’ in the ‘Nasa de Caldono’ indigenous community in Colombia, whose main objective was to identify practices of the ‘leisure culture’ in the San Lorenzo de Caldono indigenous reservation and its relation with the sustainable development culture. The research was developed from ethnography as dense description (Clifford Geertz, 2003) and the reflexive ethnography of Rossana Guber (2001), with theoretical interpretative support on Maria Cecilia de Sousa Minayo (2005) and the reflexive sociology in Pierre Bourdieu and Loic Vacquant (2005). In so doing, it was found that education is acquired in the community in three manners: education as heritage or own education, bilingual intercultural education and the official education. As a conclusion, these three ways of education express themselves in permanent tension in the deferent community scenarios, which raises the challenge to advance in constructing intercultural projects that can make democracy possible with different sectors in the national society where recognition, appraisal of what each one is and represents in his being, knowledge and way of living, can prevail.

.

In recent decades there has been an increase in female labor participation in Chile. In this context, access to this segment of the population to decision-making and leadership are studied. Taking into account the foundations of the theory of occupational segregation by gender (Anker 1997; Anker / Melkas / Korten 2003; Leitner 2001) various secondary sources of information provided by private and government organizations nationwide were systematized and analyzed. This chapter discusses the results specifically related to education and health sectors, given the high participation of female labor force who currently serves in both sectors.

A critical reflection around paradigms that support higher education and economy is shared. I became aware that the paradigm that supports both is the same one, the old Newtonian-Cartesian; and the raising of awareness leads me to join the voices calling for the need to break with these old paradigms and to look at a new one, holistic and integrative. If, as teachers, we dare to break old paradigms; if, as economists, we dare to think under other approaches, proposing the ecological economics; and if such persons, we re-educate ourselves on the path of awareness and integration, then we can teach the values and approaches of the new paradigm.

The evolution of urban transport through a century in one of the cities with greatest technological transformations due to its port status closely linked to international trade is analyzed. This position facilitates the incorporation of major technological advances which are also part of the infrastructure that the city needs to carry out its economic activity in its external dimension. Indeed, the introduction of electricity in urban transport is an expression of a modernization process driven by the incorporation of such energy mode of the urban activity in Valparaíso. At the same time is brought to notice the geographic and social differences that present the city and its link to the access to transport, and therefore the process of modernization.