Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: This paper is aimed to determine the relationship between the competitiveness model of Mexico (NCM) and a proposal for a digital marketing innovation model (DMIM).This is of special value for SME experts and academics, both related to the practice of digital marketing, in order to obtain a tool capable to identify different variables involved in the design and driving of a digital marketing campaign, in order to increase their levels of competitiveness.Method: The theoretical framework for the DMIM proposal, was based on a documentary, exploratory, descriptive, correlational and transversal research (academic vision). Thus, it was applied focus group using Panel Delphi and Analytical Hierarchy Process, among the specialists of digital marketing sector (expert vision) to identify different variables and indicators registering their different importance rates as well as the order of occurrence of each one into the DMIM proposal construct, for both visions. The final DMIM proposal construct, was correlated with the NCM, previously known. Therefore a pilot questionnaire, with a test of validity and reliability, was applied during the period of January-April 2017, to 400 specialists related with digital marketing and competitiveness (200 SME experts, 100 consultants and 100 academics). As a quantitative stage (empirical evidence), multiple linear regression and correlation techniques were applied to determine the relationships in this model. Results: It was obtained an original and generalized model, able to explain the relationship of variables and indicators involved among 8 NCM variables and 10 variables of the DMIM proposal as a measuring tool, and final suggestions for the improvement of such relationship.Conclusion: An empirical model of NCM-DMIM that showed positive effects of correlation in 2/10 variables of the DMIM: among the mission, vision and values (MVS) as well as the knowledge and application of the tools of digital marketing, (DMT) both variables belonging to the DMIM over to the NCM. The rest of the (8/10) variables of the DMIM, show low correlations which means that they are not yet sufficiently widespread and known in the sector for what they represent the sector's opportunities. Finally, academic and expert visions about the variables of the construct NCM-DMIM, with several suggestions for improvement.

Introduction: Lodging SMEs operate in a complex environment whose restrictions undermine their ability to adapt to disturbances. In this context, the human capital management is affected turning the operations and permanence of this organizations vulnerable. It is considered that human capital is nodal for the equilibrium in the whole system, nevertheless, the revised literature did not report specific systemic models for SMEs.                       Method: The systemic method was and its treaty, with the development of the Soft Systmes Methodology to generate a diagnosis on the current situation perceived as a problem, detect components, actors, conflicting interrelations and propose a conceptual model to outline a solution.                 Results: Each of the relevant systems obtained 90% of consistency within the AHP. This means that the proposed model represents congruence with the reality that the lodging SMEs studied and generated the guideline to propose new interrelations that improve the organizational dynamics aimed at the viable equilibrium of these companies With their environment.                       Conclusion: The Systemic Method allowed to identify relevant actors, place them in a recursion level and to recognize the conflictual relations. The conceptual model does not pursue the redesign of the organization chart but to restate the current relations to reduce obstacles and to support the continuous adaptation of the organizations in matter.  

The expansion of cities in Mexico is on the agenda of government agencies in charge of territorial policy, which see in the compact city model the solution to horizontal overflow and disorderly growth. The objective is to construct a methodology that allows to identify the types of urban voids by their dimensions and locational context. The need to have an inventory of vacant intra-urban space is the first step in guiding population containment and concentration efforts; and as a result, a proposal is suggested with five categories, of which, in the main cities of Mexico, 55% of the vacant intra-urban land represents. This work was carried out with the use of geospatial technology (Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing), from which a methodology was designed to identify, from 11 stages, the type of vacant intraurban land classified. Photointerpretation and photoidentification were used on high resolution spatial satellite images of 60 centimeters in pixel size to digitize the area of each urban void; and, the spaces of difficult identification with remote perception (Dron Phantom 3 and 4 pro) were validated to reduce the error and facilitate the categorization established. The methodology starts from designing a typology with five empty spaces inside the cities that privileges its location, size and context; Later, to identify each category, 11 stages are suggested, ranging from conceptual definition to spatial analysis to determine concentration patterns. It was found that of the five categories, 55% of the urban voids are concentrated in the type Batch Lots.

The present work objective is to understad the changes in the planning and administration of land uses in Mexico and to explore its possible relationship with the current environmental crisis, this is carried out within the context of the complex relations between society and environment and politics. The work hypothesis assumes that Mexico, like other Latin American countries, has based its planning of land uses on the recommendations of international organizations for the benefit of society as a whole and this has eroded their natural capital. It presents in general the panorama of the biodiversity at world-wide level and the antecedents in the investigation of the factors influecing the changes of land use of the soil in Latin America. The results describe the complex of changes in the administration of land use and the state of natural resources in the period analyzed. Finally, we discuss international contexts and the role of social actors in landscape transformation in Mexico. Our approach to the analysies will provide feedback of the successes and errors in the design of Mexican public policies in land use, hopefully providing a gateway to opening-up a more honest debate on the subject.

Introduction: During the industrial processing of the mango is wasted close to 40 % of by-products (BP, peel and paste). These BP contain carotenoids that benefit to the consumer’s health, such as, the carotenoids. Hence, it is a matter of interest to know if the carotenoids can be bioaccessible. Hence, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has proven to be a tool to increase their bioaccessibility of diverse bioactive compounds. In this sense, it is proposed to develop beverages where BP were used applying the UAE, evaluating in vitro the bioaccessibility of carotenoids.                      Method: Four beverages were developed, a control (CB), and three with UAE (B-UAE1: XET: 30 min, XSA: 30 %, XDC: 0.8; B-UAE2: XET: 15 min, XSA: 70 %, XDC: 0.4; B-UAE3: XET: 12 min, XSA: 100 % and XDC: 1). The carotenoids profile was analyzed by HPLC-DAD and in the in vitro bioaccessibility. The kinetics of the release of these compounds was evaluated in the gastric digestion (GD) and intestinal (ID), as well as, its retention in the soluble indigestible fraction (SIF) and insoluble indigestible fraction (IIF). In this way, it was determined the percentage of bioaccessibility (%BA) of carotenoids. Finally, it was determined the release kinetics during 180 min, estimating the kinetic parameters (final velocity and constant kinetic).Results: The carotenoids content were ranged from 0.01 to 3.29 µg/100 mL in the mango beverages. The xanthophylls showed significant differences in all beverages with UAE in the ID. The UAE had a negative effect on the β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene content in B-UAE2 and B-UAE3. On the other hand, the α-carotene content was similar in all beverages. During ID, the α-carotene and β-carotene content were higher in CB and lutein and zeaxanthin contents were higher in the B-UAE1. The %BA of lutein, zeaxanthin (Zea), α-carotene and β-carotene in the B-UAE1 was 95.63, 56.88, 65.20, and 90.54%, respectively. Therefore, βCr and Zea were the most not bioaccessible in BC and B-EAU3, respectively. The B-UAE1 presented a greater rate of release of β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and β-carotene.                      Discussion or Conclusion:  UAE caused a decrease in the carotenoids content due to isomerization reactions. The release of the xanthophylls and carotenes can be due to components of the food matrix, interactions of the carotenoids with other compounds, and the preparation of beverages. However, the UAE favors the release of these compounds. On the other hand, the presence of carotenoids in the SIF and IIF was due to dietary fiber of the peel, and the xanthan gum. In this way, UAE contributes to increase the %BA of carotenoids. Therefore, the release kinetic parameters show that there are diverse factors that influence this phenomenon such as the synergistic or antagonistic action between the carotenoids and other components.

Introduction: Calcium is an important nutrient to increase quality and yield in horticultural crops, is considered the most important mineral for the quality of apples, some research has shown its incidence in the reduction of certain physiological alterations (such as bitter pit, watery heart and internal decomposition), in maintaining the firmness of the pulp and preventing the incidence of fungal rotting. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the industrial calcium carbonate by-product (CaCO3) on the quality atributes, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of apples cvs Golden Delicious and Top Red.Method: Trees of 21 years of age cultivated in the region of Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua were used. Mexico, the treatments were Kg ha-1 of CaCO3 (and its equivalent in Ca per ha): Control without application T1, 282.70 (100) T2; 565.30 (200) T3; 847.90 (300) T4; 1130.60 (400) T5; 1413.20 (500) T6; 1695.90 (600) T7; 1978.50 (700) T8; 2261.20 (800) T9; 2543.80 (900) T10; 2826.50 (1000) T11; 3957.00 (1400) T12, respectively. The variables evaluated were: Ca (%) content, yield, diameter, weight, color, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids/acidity relation), total phenols and antioxidant capacityResults: Results showed statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) between cultivars, treatments increased Ca content, firmness was significantly higher, the Top Red variety presented the highest values of phenolic compounds with 3.587 mg g -1 of gallic acid, while the Golden Delicious variety had the highest antioxidant capacity with 2.27 mg g-1 of Trolox.Discussion or Conclusion: It is concluded that the application of CaCO3 influenced the parameters of quality, content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in Top Red and Golden Delicious.                      

Introduction: The forage production in the Comarca Lagunera is intensive, so there is not enough time that allows the soil to recover. Silage corn crop in this region is second in importance with respect to the harvested area; that is why it is essential to search for strategies to recover the quality of the soils without affecting the yield.Method: The production of silage corn was evaluated with the hybrid P3258W, from Pioneer. A commercial bio-inoculant was applied to the soil at doses of 0, 20 and 40 l ha-1, in combination with seven sources of fertilizer: vermicompost at 5 and 10 t ha-1, dairy cow manure in 80 t ha-1, inorganic fertilizer (191-75-30 NPK), and a commercial organic fertilizer at doses of 2.5 and 5 l ha-1 and the control. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, and the treatments in a split-plot arrangement, where the main plot was the bio-inoculant and the subplot was the source of fertilization. The variables evaluated were fresh and dry forage yield, plant height at harvest; soil samples taken after the harvest were evaluated for: organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. In plant samples taken at harvest, total nitrogen and phosphorus were determined.Results: There was significant differences in yield with respect to the fertilizer source and the best treatment was manure applied at a dose of 80 t ha-1. In the characteristics of the soil: organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus showed significant differences among doses of soil bio-innoculant and among fertilizer sources. For plant nitrogen, differences were significant among doses of bio-inoculant and among fertilizer sources. In the case of plant phosphorus, the analysis showed a significant interaction among doses of bio-inoculant and fertilizer sources.Conclusion: The production of silage corn can be carried out using bio-inoculants and organic fertilizers without affecting the yield and improving the content of organic matter, nitrogen phosphorus in the soil.

Introduction: The analysis of designs of experiments with bivariate answers can be a challenge for the researcher, especially when some data of the answers are censored. Chowdhury and Aggarwala (2007) presented a set of techniques to impute values to the censored data, in this work those techniques are compared. A method proposed by Chiao and Hamada (2001) is used to identify the optimal setting of parameters. The case with the data here is the one reported by Harper, Kosbe and Peyton (1987) about the imbalance of a plastic wheel cover component.                       Method: The data of the experiment are not censored originally, these are analyzed in order to have a base of comparison. Criteria are then implemented to censor 16 and 21 percent of the responses, generating two new data sets, to which the imputation techniques are applied: 1) conditional expectation after regression of the responses, 2) order statistics and 3) simulated observations. For each generated data set, the optimal setting of parameters (Xopt) is determined and the sum of squares of the error (SCE) is calculated.                       Results: With the censored data at 16%, the imputation techniques: conditional expectation starting with Y1, order statistics for Y1 and simulated observations for Y2, generate values with which a Xopt is obtained that agrees with the original data. With the censored data at 21%, none of the techniques obtains a Xopt that matches the original data. The sum of squares of the error of the response 1 (SCE1) of simulated observations for Y2 is significantly smaller compared to that of the other methods. The difference between the SCE2 resulting in all the techniques is not considerable.                    Conclusion: After comparing the Xopt and the SCE resulting from the data sets imputed with the mentioned techniques it can be said that the simulated observations method with Y2 works better to deal with censored responses of the bivariate experiment design that is being worked on here.                    

This study reports the synthesis of mesoporous nano-fibrillar alumina prepared by hydrolysis-precipitation route from aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate analytical reagent (AR) compared to aluminum sulfate technical grade (TG) of low purity under similar conditions using ammonia as the precipitating agent. The phisicochemical properties of these samples was studied with the assistance of characterization techniques such as Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTGA–DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, particles size and Transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (TEM/EDAX). The TG-DTA and XRD results show greater stability and a slightly greater crystallinity in Al2O3-TG sample than Al2O3-AR. N2 adsorption-desorption results show for both materials greatly surface area of 311 m2/g for Al2O3-TG and 272 m2/g for Al2O3-AR exhibiting characteristics of mesoporous materials. The FTIR results show a lower percentage of surface OH groups for Al2O3-TG showing a lower acidity due to the lower concentration of Al-OH species (AlIV). TEM measurements confirmed fibers size ranged from 20 to 100 nm for Al2O3-TG and 20-80 nm for Al2O3-AR. EDAX shows the presence of 0.20 % atomic of Mg as an impurity in Al2O3-TG, is attributed that this amount is sufficient to generate structural defects and decrease slightly acidity, likewise, extended the fibrillar chain of the alumina.

The present work explores and discusses the derivation and application of a generic mathematical model (Multiple Continuum Interacting Model, MCIM) in the prediction of the effectiveness dynamics for a trickling biofilter treating toluene. A computational solution strategy is presented, including the proper validation study case. Then, numerical studies for dimensionless Péclet and Sherwood numbers (Pe and Sh) are discussed; the effect of these over the efficiency biofilter behavior is shown. For Two Interacting Continuum phases (TIC), three sophistication levels are compared, concluding that the growth phenomenon (including the inoculation process) is crucial for designing and modelling of biofiltrations systems by MIMC’s. Achieving with MDC 2 an ER< 8% being the approach that comes closest to the experimental data reported in literature.