Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El cólera, enfermedad originaria de la India, hasta los comienzos del siglo XIX raramente se había manifestado en Occidente. La razón era que por la agudeza de sus síntomas (diarrea, vómitos y deshidratación) los pacientes difícilmente podían alejarse de las regiones afectadas por la enfermedad, pues su muerte era inminente. La Revolución Industrial y sus consecuencias, entre las cuales se encontraba la velocidad en el traslado de pasajeros por tierra o por mar, produjo el efecto indeseado por el cual la enfermedad alcanzó el Mediterráneo y desde allí se esparció por todo Occidente. Clásicamente se describen cuatro pandemias coléricas en el siglo XIX. La enfermedad llegó por primera vez a la Argentina en forma epidémica en 1859. Desde esa fecha, en otras oportunidades el cólera ingresó al país y se expandió hacia el interior, causando graves trastornos, que a veces se sumaron a otros sucesos trágicos como la Guerra del Paraguay o la epidemia de fiebre amarilla.

La investigación clínica que involucra a personas adultas con capacidad limitada o sin capacidad de comprensión plantea problemas éticos y legales, en particular en lo referente a la obtención del consentimiento informado. Ante la incertidumbre creada por las diferentes soluciones que ofrecen las normas existentes, la Dirección de Investigación para la Salud junto con la Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica realizaron un taller para clarificar los requisitos legales de este proceso.

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition (MN) is a global problem. Its causes, mechanisms and consequences have economic, biological and socio-cultural particularities. Studies on indigenous people showed a prevalence of childhood MN higher than in non-indigenous population. However, the nutritional status of women of reproductive age has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: To know the prevalence of MN by deficit (MND) or excess (MNE) and the factors associated with it in Wichí women of General Ballivián, Salta province. METHODS: The prevalence of MN was determined by anthropometry. Socioeconomic, biohealth and food variables were considered. A total of 141 women were studied (Wichí, 12 years of age or older, non-pregnant, without physical or mental disability). A case-control study was carried out, not paired, with case group 1 MNE (80), case group 2 MND (4) and control group: eutrophic (Eu) (57). Data was processed with SPSS Statistics 20.0. RESULTS: The study showed 3% of MND, 40% of Eu and 57% of MNE, with a statistically significant association between MND and adolescence and between MNE and multiparity, absence of teeth, adulthood and inadequate schooling. According to OR (odds ratio), the risk of MNE is greater in multiparous and monolingual women, MNE increases the risk of loss of teeth and inadequate schooling increases the risk of MNE by almost 13 times. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MNE is high, associated with age, multiparity, inadequate education, monolingualism and micronutrient deficiencies

INTRODUCTION: Recycling centers appear as an alternative for the employability of informal garbage collectors. However, there are deficiencies producing harmful effects on human health and the labor environment of these non-conventional workers. OBJECTIVES: To describe the process, conditions and environment of work of recycling centers in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (MABA), evaluating physical demands and health risk. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted in two recycling facilities located in the MABA, one in an urban setting and the other one in a peri-urban area. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out with observation, interviews and group dynamics with projective techniques and eutony, in parallel with biological sampling. RESULTS: External risk situations were identified, along with other worker-related factors defined as demands. No viruses were found, although there are vectors of dengue and Saint Louis encephalitis. There is also circulation of parasites with reservoir in rodents, dogs and cats. Other risks associated with industrial waste, poor water supply and fire were documented. There was an overload on male workers. CONCLUSIONS: Sanitary surveillance is suggested in dogs, cats, rodents and insects, as well as random sampling of incoming materials. Job rotation and use of simple machines are indicated to reduce demands

INTRODUCTION: People with schizophrenia have deficits in their social performance. Emotional processing explains aspects related to the perception and use of facial emotions for a proper social performance. Ocular movements are an indicator of the cognitive status of a person. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the ocular movements made by a person with schizophrenia when processing a facial emotion, taking into account the social functioning. METHODS: An observational, quantitative and analytical study was conducted, including semi-structured interviews and tests validated in Argentina, as well as eyetracking to 38 people (19 diagnosed with schizophrenia and 19 healthy subjects). All data were analyzed through R statistical program. RESULTS: The analysis of the total duration of fixations per subject and region of interest showed the difficulties people with schizophrenia have to use the places of the face and to interpret emotion. In the assessment of the identification of emotions, people with schizophrenia had the highest number of errors and unanswered items. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to controls, people with schizophrenia use a different and poor strategy of collecting visual information to identify emotional expression, that can be measured and possibly standardized as a method of cognitive assessment.

Entre los meses de agosto y noviembre de 2017 se recibieron propuestas para la 16a convocatoria a las Becas Salud Investiga “Dr. Abraam Sonis”, a ser ejecutadas a partir de mayo de 2018. El objetivo de esta convocatoria fue promover la realización de investigaciones en salud sobre temas priorizados por el Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Se recibieron 437 postulaciones: 337 para estudios individuales y 100 para proyectos de estudios multicéntricos provenientes de todo el país. Luego de dos etapas de evaluación resultaron ganadores 98 proyectos individuales y 33 multicéntricos. El 83% de las becas individuales y el 79% de los becarios incluidos en proyectos multicéntricos pertenecían a instituciones públicas, principalmente a establecimientos de salud. Las formaciones disciplinares de los becarios fueron en ambos casos en su mayoría provenientes de las Ciencias de la Salud y de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. Las jurisdicciones que más becarios individuales ganadores obtuvieron fueron las provincias de Buenos Aires (22,4%), Tucumán (17,3%) y Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires -CABA- (17,3%). En el caso de los becarios que integraban proyectos multicéntricos, gran parte era de la CABA (28%) y la Provincia de Buenos Aires (22%). Las mujeres entre 30 y 39 años fueron el subgrupo con mayor representación entre los ganadores de ambos tipos de beca

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Introducción: En México en el 2013 el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía reportó a la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 como la segunda causa de muerte. Para lograr controlar esta enfermedad, uno de los enfoques más útiles es el de ofrecer educación suficiente y actualizada a quienes viven con ella. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre el estilo de vida, el grado de conocimientos sobre Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 [DM2] y la hemoglobina glucosilada [HbA1c],Material y métodos: Cuasi-experimento. Se impartieron pláticas educativas durante cuatro meses a los pacientes con DM2 del Seguro Popular del Centro de Salud de Bokobá, Yucatán.  El estilo de vida se evaluó con el Instrumento para Medir el Estilo de Vida en Diabéticos [IMEVID], y el grado de Conocimientos en DM2 con un cuestionario validado.Resultados: Participaron 39 pacientes. Las medias pre y post intervención: para la HbA1c de 9.25 y 8.14 [p < 0.001], para el IMEVID 63.15 y 77.41 puntos [p < 0.001], y para el grado de Conocimientos 25.73 y 79.70 puntos [p < 0.001] respectivamente.Conclusiones: La intervención educativa logro disminuir el nivel de Hb1Ac. También, mejoró significativamente el estilo de vida y el grado en conocimientos.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic intake of arsenic (As) is associated with cancer. It is known that water from the Puna region of Jujuy contains As, and that many households do not have access to drinking water from public water supply, but the carcinogenic risk for inhabitants due to drinking local water had not been estimated yet. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the carcinogenic risk level for local inhabitants due to chronic exposure to As through drinking water. METHODS: As concentrations in drinking water samples from hamlets of Cochinoca, Susques and Tumbaya was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Carcinogenic risk was calculated with mathematical models of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. RESULTS: As was found in all samples (range 0.041-0.34 mg/l/ As), and 83% exceeded the maximum allowed for drinking water (0.05 mg/l/As). According to mean concentrations of As by department, the carcinogenic risk for inhabitants was between 2.44 x 10-3 and 5.89 x 10-3. Carcinogenic risk for those who consume drinking water from public supply was 2.36 x 10-3, and for those who consume water from other sources was 4.76 x 10-3. All values found exceeded the maximum risk acceptability associated to carcinogen exposure (10-5). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to implement risk communication programs and health policies to reduce risks due to water intake with arsenic content in this region.