Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The emphasis of international trade theories shifted in the last forty years, from comparative advantage, to scale economies and product differentiation. More recently, the “new” new trade theories have stressed the role of firm heterogeneity, which has led to a renewed interest on the study of how credit constraints may hamper the export activities of firms. In this paper, we provide a brief survey of the relationship between international trade and finance, a field that only recently has been the subject of systematic analysis in the economic literature, from both a theoretical and empirical point of view. In general, barriers to external financing play a significant role as an obstacle to the exporting activity of firms, especially for younger and smaller firms; and these results would have been reinforced by the global financial crisis.

The objective of this paper is exploring the possibilities to reduce economic inequality through fiscal policy. The empirical analyses focuses on the period 2007-2014 and the OECD countries. Our quantitative analyses is based on data from OECD dataset and offers the following results. On the one side, the most redistributive capacity corresponds to taxes; and on the other side, that the most redistributive transfers are family transfers, pensions and unemployment subsidies.

Resumen. Esta investigación ha modelizado los factores que influyen en la adopción de innovaciones TIC en las empresas, hipotetizando una red de relaciones directas e indirectas de factores, (coherentes con el modelo TOE), que ejercen influencia en sí mismos y en la adopción de ICT. Las hipótesis se probaron utilizando una muestra de empresas con información agregada a escala de país, y estimadas mediante PLS-SEM. Los resultados concluyeron que la adopción de TIC se explica por el grado de globalización de los países, el acceso a las capacidades TIC en el país, debido a su papel transmisor  de los efectos indirectos  de los otros factores. La influencia indirecta resultó ser más importante que la directa.  Palabras clave: Adopción de  Innovaciones, Entorno-Tecnología-Organización (TOE); Globalización, Efectos Indirectos, PLS-SEM.  Abstract. This research models the factors influencing ICT innovation adoption in companies, hypothesizing a network of direct and indirect relations of factors, (consistent with TOE model), which channels influence on themselves and on ICT adoption. The hypotheses were tested using a sample of firms with aggregate information at the state level, and were estimated using PLS-SEM. The main results were that ICT adoption is very influenced by the extent of countries’ globalization, and the accessibility to ICT capabilities of the country due to its important transmitting role of indirect effects from the other factors. The aggregated indirect influence of factors in the model was more important than the direct influence.

La fragmentación internacional de la producción es un elemento característico de la profunda transformación experimentada por la economía mundial en las décadas recientes. Este proceso de creciente desintegración productiva está estrechamente relacionado con un cambio tecnológico digital que abre una nueva etapa de globalización económica. En este contexto, comprender las diferencias en las pautas distributivas y de especialización entre las economías emergentes y las más avanzadas que participan en las cadenas globales de valor se convierte en objeto de estudio relevante.A partir de la información proporcionada por el proyecto WIOD se ha analizado la evolución del valor añadido generado, el comportamiento de la productividad, la formación de capital y su impacto en el nivel y la estructura del empleo.Los resultados obtenidos nos muestran como la aceleración del progreso tecnológico ha inducido una sensiblemodificación de las tecnologías de producción, cambios de liderazgo en la capacidad de generación y retención de valor añadido, un protagonismo creciente de las rentas de capital y una asimetría en las oportunidades de empleo y la estructura salarial en función de la cualificación laboral.

Development Cooperation, in addition to clear social and political support, originated from a context which represented a coherent contribution within the framework of Development Theory. However, from the 1980s with the rise of neoliberal ideas, debates on development and the international cooperation system and its strategies took different directions. Currently, the definition and monitoring of the Agenda has become the centre of debate, with the consequent abandonment of the theoretical and historical perspectives as well as the traditional perception of development as a process of transformation of reality. This disconnection between ideas on development and cooperation has led to a long-standing confusion over cooperation, with its role becoming increasingly unclear. This paper highlights the need to return to the relationship between theoretical reflection on development and cooperation strategies, through a process of identifying problems, studying their causes and consequently designing strategies. The way in which these links are created will open up the possibility of proposing alternatives according to the risks and challenges to be faced.

This paper examines the extent to which firms’ characteristics are related to export activity behaviour. Using a dataset comprised of harmonized and detailed firm-level data from six European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and United Kingdom) for the period 2007-2009 (EFIGE dataset), we analyse the effects of firms’ characteristics on two different measures of export activity: export intensity and market scope. Firstly, we estimate OLS regressions to analyse this relationship. Our empirical results show that there is a positive relationship between firms’ characteristics and export activity.Secondly, quantile regressions are performed in order to observe whether there are any heterogeneous effects along the conditional distribution of the two measures of export activity. The quantile regressions reveal the existence of heterogeneous effects and nonlinearities among firms’ characteristics and both export intensity and market scope. Moreover, the quantile analysis also shows that, for some cases, the effects of firms’ characteristics on export intensity and market scope differ greatly.

In the last decade, the share of FDI outflows from emerging countries (EOFDI) increased dramatically, and substantially changed the landscape of the world economy. This paper summarises the findings of the flourishing literature about the reasons and consequences of EOFDI. We first review the economic theories that explain emerging multinationals investments abroad, building on the conventional theory of FDI and the institutional theory. We also draw the conclusions emerging from empirical studies. In a second step, we provide an overview of the expected effects of EOFDI on the host. We also report the findings of the scant studies that recently attempted to assess these effects. Clearly, the institutional and economic home contexts contribute to shape firms advantages and in turn, their motivations to invest abroad and their location choice and finally, the impact of these investments. Thanks to recent studies, motivations and location choices are now better understood, but more research is needed to clarify the rest of the process, a promising area of research. In particular, the coverage of studies should be extended in several directions. The results would helpfully guide FDI promoting policies in the South and in the North.

In this paper we show the most relevant changes in the available quantifiable information for the research on world economy. After a historical review, we identify the emergence of a new way of understanding the generation, analysis and publication of traditional data and indicators, as well as the proliferation of a new generation of complex indexes, in many cases still in the conceptualization phase. We conclude with a reflection on the challenges that researchers and teachers must face as part of this movement that can lead to a technical and methodological redefinition of research and global economic policy

Within these 20 years of REM, important events have been ocurred in the world economy. In this paper, the most important changes before 1999 are described; they shaped the global economy of the next 20 years, with a relevant position of the financial crisis of 2008. It had important consequences for the most affected economies, especially for middle and lower classes. There is no agreement between the theoretical analysis devoted to analyzing the causes of the crisis. At the same time, inequality has become one of the most important problems of the world economy.