Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The research illustrates the history of the technological substitution process in urban transport in the second industrial town of Asturias, Avilés. Unlike what happened in Oviedo or Gijón, where urban growth itself fed the demand for mobility, in Avilés the manufacturing activity and the real estate interests by Royal Asturian Company as well as the Indian capitals promoted the tramway. Indeed, initially both the steam and the electric tram where a mere appendix to the daily work trips demanded by the mining and port activities. Subsequently, the demand for residential land on the area owned by the Royal Company turned the tram into a vehicle to make them profitable. When the time really came for Avilés's urban growth to take the leap as a trigger for the tram, its promoters left the company because the presence of the bus questioned its financial viability. In all three cases, the transition from blood to mechanical traction went through similar cycles: the turn-of-the-century peak (1895-1900), linked to the repatriation of Indian capital, encouraged the transition to steam tram; the war-business boom (1914-1918) did so with electrification; the autarky period (1940-1950) marked the introduction of the trolleybus, and “developmentalism” (1960-1974) encouraged the final transition to the bus.

Spanish mining cities have been facing a continuous decline for decades. The end of the cycle threatens them with contraction. To face it, reindustrialization policies demonstrate their limitations.  Mieres (Asturias) is a paradigmatic city among the Spanish ones and has references between the Europeans. It slowly has lost its traditional role and lengthens its transition process, in which different approaches are known. The one described here is committed to comprehensive urban regeneration, understood as a process, marked out by executed projects, and has been operated by cooperation between the local administration and the CeCodet at the University of Oviedo. M-Movydus is the latest milestone in an action-research application to organize the urban transition.

A georoute with augmented reality is designed and elaborated in the volcanic zone of ​​Campo de Calatrava, with the aim not only of disseminating to society the relevant value of its geomorphological heritage, but also contributing to its development sustainable through geotourism in volcanic landscape. The methodology used has basically consisted of field work, the selection of the most interesting and representative volcanoes and the elaboration of augmented reality graphic resources. As a result, a georoute consisting of seven points of interest is proposed, showing the wide variety of forms, deposits, and types of volcanoes, such as cinder cones, maars formed in Paleozoic basement and in tertiary sediments, as well as thermal springs. The itinerary stimulates scientific dissemination and learning, fosters respect and conservation of heritage, and serves as the basis for the dissemination and development of the UNESCO Global Geopark “Volcanes de Calatrava-Ciudad Real” project.

This work presents the design of a didactic itinerary aimed at students of the Primary Education Teacher Degree. Conceived for the mountainous area of Las Villuercas (Cáceres, Spain), the route constitutes a sample that tries to offer instruments and mechanisms to face the teaching-learning process of basic geographical characteristics of this space. It is made up of a total of 9 points of interest (one of which is a 5 km long pedestrian route) and takes place over a nine-hour day. The work uses a methodology based on constructivism in which students are responsible for their own learning. The itinerary incorporates augmented reality as a complementary didactic tool, so that students can acquire additional information to that provided by the teacher and by their own observation in the field.

Castilla y Leon's fields and plateau have always been best known for their cereal crops. Yet vineyards have also sprung up along the Duero River valley at the same time as the winemaking industry began building wine presses and wineries. Wine growing has had a significant impact on the economic, social and cultural history of the Duero's towns and cities, and still does today. For instance, it has given rise to a characteristic vine-and-wine landscape that is deeply rooted both in the land and its inhabitants and has been depicted in popular culture by important landscape painters. Their artistic representations capture different elements of the geographical space found in these lands and the work carried out there, enabling us to define and categorise them, obtaining valuable information to interpret what has happened in the territory.

Analyzing and interpreting the public space in a city is a complex mission. This intricacy arises from the built and urban characteristics of those sectors of the urban space defined as such, as well as the uses given to them and their social meanings, all of which are quantitatively and qualitatively measured by several indices, indicators, dimensions and qualities. This article shows a methodology to proceed with the study of squares, understanding them as public spaces, and takes the city of Valladolid as an example for its implementation; more precisely, one of the most expressive neighborhoods or zones in the evolution of urban structure is taken into account.

In the Mediterranean region the main natural hazard is flooding. For this reason, the explanation of this topic in the Primary Education classrooms (object of this study) must be a priority as established in the current curriculum (Social Sciences). This interest is accentuated in the case of education because this is a non-structural factor that is usually ignored when analyzing risk. The objective of this research is to analyze how the risk of flooding is explained in the textbooks of Social Sciences (3rd cycle of Primary Education) in the Valencian Community (Spain). From the main editorials used in the study area, the results indicate that these resources pay little attention to the risk of flooding; mainly highlighting the danger factor (the atmospheric event) without considering the action of the human being, which is the main agent of climate change. Therefore, it would be a wrong explanation of these phenomena (so characteristic of the Mediterranean climate) where the human factor is not considered as the main element of risk assessment in a geographical space.

Geographical space reaches its highest state with the creation of landscapes. Landscape is the visual manifestation of the degree of civilization in a society; it is the way of organizing a territory that exposes spatially the culture of a community. Sometimes this organization is not correct and reflects ignorance or forgetfulness on the behaviour of natural environment, sometimes extreme. Thus, risk landscapes are generated; and these are characterized by the high degree of vulnerability on the population that occupies them. The human factor is a key fact to characterize a risk landscape. This paper proposes an activity for teaching risk landscapes at different educational levels, as a particularly suitable element for understanding the risk existing in a geographic space and for reducing the degree of exposure. The need to incorporate landscape units in the territorial planning processes is emphasized.  

The Calzada de Caoro is an old mountain road that has been considered as of Roman origin, either for military incursions or for the extraction of minerals, and that today shares a declining cattle use with a growing hiking use. The study of the bibliography, the documentation and the archaeological remains distance it, however, from Roman times and rather attribute a medieval origin, in relation to the consolidation of the settlement in the council of Cabrales (Arenas, Tielve, Sotres) and the acculturation of the mountain in the surroundings of Puerto de Era. The Modern Age documentation would suggest this, by giving it an occasionally mining functionality, to a greater extent carrier and councilor as a royal road, and above all cattle, as a sheepherding way of access to the numerous meadows and sheepfolds scattered around the port and its environment. Something that also corroborates the study of the preserved road vestiges, which tend to relate it to a traditional bridle path that only required significant work (reinforcement, paving, bumps) and periodic repairs in those more complex sections due to their slopes or very rocky substrates.

The analysis of cultural representations of landscape, especially those of a visual type, constitutes an excellent tool to know the historical evolution of the territory as they highlight its main transformations as well as the permanence of its elements through reproductions in different formats: artistic, technical, photographic or filmographic. This work has addressed one of the tourist areas with the greatest territorial transformation: the western coast of the province of Malaga. For the study of this coastal space, approximately 1,500 images have been selected and their georeferencing and dating have been carried out, as well as the analysis of its landscape characteristics. Those relevant elements of landscape that are shown as landmarks or referential spaces are appreciated. And the study of visual perspectives, orientations, visual breadth or typology of landscapes is carried out.