Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: To understand the social representations of family members of children and adolescents with mental disorders about the Psychosocial Care Center. Method: This was a qualitative and exploratory research based on the theoretical and methodological Social Representations framework developed with 19 family members in a service located in the middle backlands of Pernambuco, Brazil; this happened after the Ethics Committee (CAAE 66524717.2.0000.5196) approval. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews processed by the Iramuteq software; they were later interpreted through the Bardin's Content Analysis, displaying them graphically through a dendrogram. Results: The family members base their representations on the routine established by the service, which becomes part of their daily lives and plays an important role in: the social interaction of the participants, the possibilities that the service develops for the child/adolescent and in the whole family that attends the space through welcoming and monitoring, and the challenges that are still faced for a more effective care. Conclusion: The participants represented the service as important for establishing a routine that, despite the fact that it modifies the daily life of all family members, plays a valuable function in the user’s social interaction.

Objective: To map the production of knowledge on the main nursing care provided to newborns undergoing phototherapy in neonatal units. Method: This is a scoping review protocol carried out following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred checklist Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The following the following steps were followd: selection of the research question, search for relevant studies, selection of studies, data extraction and analysis, and, grouping, summarizing and presenting the results. The following databases will be consulted to identify the documents: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, SciVerse Scopus, Database of Nursing, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Library, Capes Theses and Dissertations Catalog, and Google Scholar. The result of this methodological step’s selection flow will be presented in figure form as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results: The data mapping will allow the grouping of care and it will also highlight the need for care in newborns undergoing phototherapy. Conclusion: It is expected to highlight the indispensableness of nursing care for this public and reinforce the need for continuing education in professionals.

Introduction: There is worldwide constant concern because of the increasing number of people with chronic diseases every day. When it comes to approaching this situation, a series of measures have been proposed to emphasize the preponderant role that the people have has in achieving the self-management of their health and disease. The objective of this work was to reflect on the elements that favor progress from the stages of change towards self-management in people with chronic conditions. Development: To achieve self-management, it is essential to consider - among other aspects - the process of behavioral change and the degree of perceived self-efficacy in the care of chronically ill people. Likewise, primary healthcare and nursing professionals need to develop specific and highly suitable skills for comprehensive, timely, and continuous care. All these aspects interrelate to converge together in a collaborative, consensual, and person-centered healthcare plan. Conclusion: To favor the advancement of self-management, there are elements that both the person and the professional need to articulate, for instance, the existing bidirectional relationships between them must be seen as a continuous functional process and not as discrete elements in healthcare.

Aim: to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of people undergoing hemodialysis in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study carried out with the application of a structured questionnaire and the review of the medical records of 335 adults undergoing hemodialysis from seven hemodialysis clinics distributed in five municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul from March 2016 to March 2017. The researchers evaluated the sociodemographic data, family history, lifestyle, etiology of the disease, and comorbidities; descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. Results: Of the 335 adults undergoing hemodialysis, 59% were men, 47% elderly, and 59% with low family income. Diabetes mellitus was the main etiology of kidney disease (28%); 50% reported an unrestricted diet and 59.8% ingested more than 800 ml of liquids daily, including 10% alcoholic beverages, and 77.0% reported anuria, 42% were previous smokers and 24% reported family history of the disease. In regards to expenses related to the hemodialysis treatment, 80.3% reported some type of expenditure, especially with medicines for 88.4%; the occurrence of infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B, C and HIV was found, respectively, in 3.9%, 7.5 % and 2.1% of the sample. Conclusion: The findings pointed to the need to reorganize the care for chronic kidney disease within the scope of primary and secondary care services; this with the aim of early detection of chronic kidney disease and the clinical control of risk factors, including diabetes, in in less favored socioeconomic groups mainly. This would facilitate the population's access to the services of the healthcare network.

Un mayor flujo de inversión extranjera directa (IED) en México puede servir de financiamiento para la fabricación de bienes y servicios que contribuyan al crecimiento económico; sin embargo, los inversionistas enfrentan riesgos que pueden llevarlos a bajos niveles de ganancias o incluso pérdidas. A través de un modelo de transferencia, este documento tiene como objetivo revelar la relación entre el Índice de Riesgo-País (IRP) y la IED en México, y con ello contribuir al conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de los capitales extranjeros. Los resultados confirmaron la relación inversa entre estas variables; así mismo, la función de correlación cruzada indica que el IRP tiene un efecto retardado cuatro trimestres sobre la IED. Por tanto, si este país quiere colocarse como una alternativa viable para los capitales extranjeros y beneficiarse de las inversiones a largo plazo, se deberán implementar políticas que lo coloquen como una economía de bajos índices de riesgo.   Abstract   A greater flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico can serve as financing for the manufacture of goods and services that contribute to economic growth; however, investors face risks that can lead to low levels of profits or even losses. Through a transfer model, this document aims to reveal the relationship between the Country Risk Index (IRP) and FDI in Mexico, and thereby contribute to knowledge about the behavior of foreign capital. The results confirmed the inverse relationship between these variables; Likewise, the cross-correlation function indicates that the IRP has a lagged effect of four quarters on FDI. Therefore, if this country wants to position itself as a viable alternative for foreign capital and benefit from long-term investments, policies that place it as a low-risk economy should be implemented.    

Este trabajo usa teoría de control óptimo para determinar el nivel de extracción de agua, de un acuífero, de manera racional. La función objetivo evalúa el valor presente del beneficio social neto de la explotación a lo largo del tiempo. En el beneficio intervienen la demanda y los costos de suministrar agua. La restricción representa la dinámica de la cantidad de agua en el acuífero, dependiendo de los niveles extracción y recarga. El modelo se aplica al acuífero 2411 de San Luis Potosí utilizando información empírica del consumo de agua de la población perteneciente a la zona conurbada de la capital del estado. La condición inicial se deja como parámetro para analizar la posibilidad tanto de óptimo interior como de óptimo de esquina. El óptimo interior recomienda un nivel de extracción de 42,854 miles de metros cúbicos y un precio de 0.00003658 pesos por metro cúbico de agua. El acuífero se encuentra actualmente muy sobreexplotado. Para mantener la sustentabilidad del acuífero se recomienda revisar la normativa de las tarifas y mejorar la micro medición de los consumos para construir un modelo más preciso. Abstract Optimal control theory is used to determine the level of water extraction, from an aquifer, in a rational way. The exploitation of the aquifer generates a net social benefit that represents the objective function. The benefit involves the demand and the costs of supplying water. The restriction represents the dynamics of the amount of water in the aquifer, depending on the levels of extraction and recharge. The model is calibrated with data on the 2411 aquifer of San Luis Potosi. Empirical information on water consumption of the population belonging to the metropolitan area of the state capital. The initial condition is left as a parameter in order to study the possibility of both an interior solution or a corner solution. The optimum interior recommends an extraction level of 42.854 thousand cubic meters and a price of 0.00003658 pesos per cubic meter of water. The aquifer is currently highly overexploited. To maintain the sustainability of the aquifer, it is recommended to review the tariff regulations and improve the micro measurement of consumption to build a more accurate model.

We develop a theoretical model of partial equilibrium where firms, located in a country, compete and produce differentiated goods in a duopolistic market. Emission of pollution is related to production, and firms produce their output using different levels of polluting technology. To control pollution emission, the government applies discriminatory pollution quotas considering the benefits for firms, consumers, and environmental damage. The results show that if the disutility to be polluted is very high, the government imposes a zero-emission quota on the companies. But, if such disutility is not significantly high, it allows a certain amount of emissions, imposing different quotas on firms depending on the levels of technology they use to control their emissions. The proposed model stresses the importance of the rational establishment of strategic environmental policies, which benefit all economic agents in the market, firms, consumers, and the environment.   Resumen Desarrollamos un modelo teórico de equilibrio parcial donde las empresas, ubicadas en un país, compiten y producen bienes diferenciados en un mercado duopolístico. La emisión de contaminación está relacionada con la producción, y las empresas producen utilizando diferentes niveles de tecnología contaminante. Para controlar la emisión de contaminación, el gobierno aplica cuotas de contaminación discriminatorias teniendo en cuenta el beneficio para las empresas, los consumidores y el daño ambiental. Los resultados muestran que si la desutilidad a contaminar es muy alta, el gobierno impone una cuota de cero emisiones a las empresas. Pero, si dicha desutilidad no es significativamente alta, permite una cierta cantidad de emisiones, imponiendo diferentes cuotas a las empresas dependiendo de los niveles de tecnología que utilizan para controlar sus emisiones. El modelo propuesto subraya la importancia del establecimiento racional de políticas ambientales estratégicas, que actúen en beneficio de todos los agentes económicos en el mercado, las empresas, los consumidores y el medio ambiente.

En este documento, se propone examinar teóricamente el comercio de la calidad de productos con un marco de competencia oligopólica a la Hotelling, en lugar de un marco de competencia monopolística o competencia perfecta como es el estándar en la literatura del comercio internacional. Este marco permite identificar la calidad de los productos, al tiempo que captura simultáneamente la preferencia por la variedad y la preferencia por la calidad de los consumidores. Los resultados teóricos permiten construir dos índices que capturan la calidad a través de los precios y de las cantidades. Usando datos altamente desagregados a nivel producto, se prueban los índices y se presentan resultados sobre el comercio de la calidad, en productos y países seleccionados. Por ejemplo, México y Francia exportan calidad en el caso de los vinos, sin embargo, los indicadores muestran que los vinos de Francia poseen mayor calidad. Abstract This paper proposes to theoretically examine products’ quality trade with an oligopolistic competition framework a la Hotelling rather than a monopolistic competition or perfect competition framework as is standard in international trade literature. This framework makes it possible to identify the quality of products while simultaneously capturing consumers' preference for variety and quality. The theoretical results allow the construction of two indices that capture quality through prices and quantities. The indices are tested using highly disaggregated data at the product level, and results on quality trade-in selected products and countries are presented. For example, Mexico and France export quality in the case of wines; however, the indicators show that French wines have higher quality.

El método FLQ es uno de los más populares para obtener matrices insumo-producto regionales, debido a que requiere de poca información y a su precisión. En este trabajo, los supuestos del método son contrastados econométricamente con información de nueve países europeos y de la Unión Europea. Se encuentra que, la elasticidad de la cuota cruzada es la mitad de lo previsto por la fórmula original; además, las cuotas simples del sector vendedor son más importantes que las del comprador. Aun así, el poder predictivo del FLQ es ligeramente inferior a modelos más complejos, lo que reivindica su eficiencia práctica. Abstract Flegg's location quotient (FLQ) is one of the most popular non-survey methods for obtaining regional input-output tables. This method is widely adopted due to the minimum information requirements and the precision and accuracy of estimates. In this work, the assumptions of the method are econometrically contrasted with information from European Union and nine European countries. It is found that the simple location quotas of the seller's sector are more important than the ones of the buyers. Still, the FLQ model's predictive power is only slightly lower than more complex models, which reinforces the practical efficiency of the FLQ formula.

La presente investigación analiza la eficiencia de 24 departamentos colombianos en el uso de sus recursos para cumplir con los objetivos de los programas educativos del país, durante el período 2007-2018. La valoración de la eficiencia se llevó a cabo mediante el Análisis de la Envolvente de Datos, diseñando tres modelos orientados al output y estructurados con rendimientos variables a escala. Los resultados de los modelos muestran que únicamente los departamentos de Bogotá D.C., Antioquia y Quindío emplearon de manera eficiente su personal docente y sedes educativas para incrementar el alfabetismo, la matriculación, y la equidad urbano-rural; por ello, es recomendable el establecimiento de políticas públicas orientadas a fortalecer el sector educativo, y con estas contribuir al bienestar de la sociedad. Abstract This research analyzes the efficiency of 24 departments of Colombia in the use of their resources to achieve the objective of the national educational programs, during the 2007-2018 period. The efficiency assessment was carried out through the Data Envelope Analysis (DEA), designing three models oriented to output and structured with variable returns to scale. The results of the three shows that only the departments of Bogota D.C., Antioquia, and Quindio efficiently used their teaching staff and educational facilities to increase literacy, enrollment, and urban-rural equity. Therefore, it is advisable to develop public policies aimed at strengthening the education sector, and thus contribute to the well-being of society.