Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Se realiza un breve recuento de la COVID-19 con el objetivo de presentar el enfrentamiento a la pandemia desde el diagnóstico de los tres primeros casos el 11 de marzo de 2020 hasta la fecha.

Introducción: La biotecnología facilita la construcción de herramientas que buscan mejorar las debilidades que presentan los medicamentos alopáticos.Objetivo: Describir aspectos relacionados con la nanomedicina con mecanismos para la mejora en la atención y la calidad de vida de las personas.Desarrollo: Se consideran aspectos conceptuales sobre nanotecnología, nanomedicina, nanoterapia, nanopartículas, nanomateriales, nanoportadores y la clasificación por áreas prácticas (diagnóstico, terapia, medicina regenerativa), dimensiones (cero, uni, bi, tri), mecanismos de acción (administración, estabilidad, liberación lenta y controlada, entre otras), nanosistemas, origen (natural, secundario o fabricado; metálicas/inorgánicas, no metálicas/orgánicas, organometálicas). Se enuncian retos a los que se enfrenta la nanomedicina y sus diversas ramas.Conclusiones: En nanomedicina se diseñan, investigan e implementan diversas aplicaciones que buscan un mejor abordaje de situaciones que afectan la calidad de vida de las personas aun cuando persisten desafíos teórico-conceptuales, metodológicos (procedimientos estandarizados) y práctico-clínico (eficacia, seguridad, calidad, eficiencia) que deben ser superados.

It is of great interest for establishments that offer a product or service, for example museums, to know the number of possible visits as a function of other variables that customers will make in a specific period. This to evaluate the degree of demand that exists and at the same time, evaluate if the dissemination strategies are working or otherwise, make more appropriate decisions to improve the quality of attention and satisfaction with visitors. To implement the generalized linear model to estimate the number of annual visits to museums in Mexican territory as a function of predictive variables, a database of 110 museums taken from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) for the years 2017 and 2018 was used. The models used were regression ordinary linear (RLO) and Poisson regression (RP) and these were applied to all the principal components of eleven predictor variables (web page, reception and service capacity, main theme, permanent collection, ownership, entry, adult fee, discounts, type of visits, open days of the year and temporary exhibitions) to counteract multicollinearity. Besides, the coefficient of determination ( ) was measured between the observed and estimated data to determine the method with the best fit. The functions were used to estimate the number of visits for the years 2019 and 2020. With the model that best fit, an analysis of estimation errors was performed. Comparing the observed data for the years 2017 and 2018 with the results estimated with the characteristic functions of each model, the determination coefficients were  0.61 for the RLO and 0.86 for the PR, respectively. For the years 2019 and 2020, the coefficients of determination obtained were 0.68 and 0.31 for the RLO, and 0.87 and 0.84 for the RP, respectively. The maximum error of estimation registered was between 10 001 and 20 000 annual visits. It is shown that the most suitable model to forecast future annual visits to any museum in Mexico is the Poisson regression. It is believed that the high adjustment to the data observed with the PR method is because these did not have an excess of zeros and fulfilled the assumption of equidispersion. Finally, with the proposed characteristic function, the number of annual visits can be estimated with a maximum error of around 10 %, which is low compared to the maximum number of annual visits that a museum receives.

This work contributes to research on the continuity of family businesses, by providing empirical evidence of the coexistence and feedback between the processes of succession, professionalization, and institutionalization, based on elements of strategic planning, human resources, and governing bodies. A qualitative methodology was used, with a descriptive scope, through the case study method. The work was conducted in a small family business located in Mexico City, dedicated to specialized technological services. The succession process occurs from a family institutional logic. The founding father has served as the successor's mentor and under his leadership —although not consciously— has conducted professionalization and institutionalization with the successor's participation. With the professionalization of the successor and the incorporation of external professionals in key areas of the business, greater operational efficiency and better financial performance are expected. Although the company has been in the market for 15 years, it does not have a systematized organizational structure that allows it to be more efficient and obtain better financial results, so from institutionalization, the structural elements that support the business model, so that the decisions that management makes are not reactive but proactive, especially in dynamic and hostile economic environments (such as the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic). This work reveals the elements that contribute to increase the percentage of companies, mainly of micro and small sizes, to achieve the generational transfer of the founding father to the children, from visualizing the coexistence and feedback between the processes of succession, professionalization, and institutionalization for the continuity of the family business. The importance of formalizing the family protocol to give certainty of the transfer of control and ownership is rescued. The institutionalization process can generate conflicts between the founding father and the successor in their ways of taking risks and of strategic management. The COVID-19 pandemic crisis showed that one of the main strengths of the family business is the solidarity and commitment of family members in crisis situations. Finally, the succession process, in order to have a higher probability of success, requires the professionalization of the successor, and this, in turn, generates the institutionalization of the organization.

Unsafe management practices and overuse of pesticides have led to environmental contamination and farmworkers poisoning. For this reason, the problem of pesticide exposure must be framed in the socio-cultural and environmental context of the affected communities, analyzing the factors that contribute to the greater risk of exposure of farmworkers and their families, in order to propose educational strategies and develop effective public health strategies. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding local pesticides handling of farmworkers from Singuil town, Catamarca province, northwestern Argentina, and the possible impact of these behavioral patterns on Singuil River. Farmworkers from Singuil town participated through a cross-sectional, face-to-face survey. Subsequently, samples from Singuil River were taken for determination of pesticides residues. Approximately 83 % of those surveyed have worked with pesticides for more than 10 years. Although most workers prepare their pesticide formulations, 25 % of them never use any personal protective equipment, while the remaining 75 % usually use face masks and gloves to protect themselves. Post-spraying personal hygiene practices, such as changing clothes or showering, are often not applied. To reduce health risks, many respondents perform sprinkling at sunset (66.7 %) or early morning (50 %), and avoid it during windy and sunny weather. Besides, they usually burn (58.3 %) or stockpile (41.7 %) empty pesticide containers. In case of poisoning, 91.7 % of workers would go to hospital for medical attention. Glyphosate, mancozeb, and propamocarb are the most commonly used pesticides. Finally, no pesticide residues were detected in the water samples collected from Singuil River.        

The COVID-19 crisis has led to the mandatory closure of schools. As a consequence, emergency remote teaching has been implemented. However, this accelerated change has made visible the digital gaps and the difficult economic situation of some families. For their part, universities work in uncertainty, innovating and seeking solutions that may promote quality digital education. The objective of this article was to analyze the perceptions of young university students about the negative emotions they have felt during the pandemic, their feelings about the benefits and obstacles of studying online, and their views on the performance of teachers during confinement. It is a qualitative study. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews; the analysis was performed using the ATLAS.ti software. Twenty interviews were conducted with students from four Mexican higher education institutions located in Mexico City.                     Young people were found to have felt fear, depression, anger, anxiety, frustration, and homesickness; coupled with the fact that the most complicated moments have been the illness in their families caused by the virus, and unemployment. Additionally, students have faced power and internet failures, poor teamwork culture, difficulty focusing on homework, and increased workloads. The benefits that students have perceived are savings in travel times, and that, in some cases, they have managed to become self-employed students. Finally, it was found that some teachers show empathy; however, many of them have increased activities and require technology training. It is concluded that emergency remote teaching has promoted innovations in teaching-learning processes—however, accelerated change can lead students to drop out due to lack of technological resources, and decreased interest and motivation for learning. The possible return to classrooms has led to thinking about working on hybrid systems, without forgetting the development of evaluations that make it possible to identify the knowledge acquired during these times of pandemic. Finally, it is essential to study the impact on the labor market that it will have for young people who are graduating in the age of coronavirus. 

Since the arrival of varroa (Varroa destructor) in Mexico, more than 33 % of the hives in the highland and northern regions of the country have been lost annually, due to the excessive use of synthetic acaricides, which have developed resistance in the populations of these mites. Due to this, the objective of this research was to evaluate the fall of V. destructor mites, as well as the percentage of infestation through the application of botanical grinds of garlic (Allium sativum), laurel (Laurus nobilis) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) in Apis mellifera colonies in winter season. 16 jumbo-type hives were used, thus four hives per treatment, where each hive was the experimental unit. The treatments were: 1) Control (no treatment); 2) garlic; 3) laurel, and 4) oregano. Treatments included powdered sugar in a 1:1 ratio. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. The percentage of initial infestation (covariate) does not represent significance (p > 0.05). Laurel presented the highest value (42.46 ± 12.07) for the number of fallen mites. From day 7 the infestation percentages decrease, highlighting laurel (p < 0.01). The group of control hives showed an upward trend, with averages higher than 5 % (5.32 ± 1.16). At present, the research area regarding the efficacy of botanical grinds in beekeeping is limited, therefore, the use of bioacaricides as botanical grinds represents an alternative for the control of the V. destructor mite, since they are ingredients of easy accessibility, they present a low cost and a simple methodology of elaboration and application. In addition, being an organic treatment, it guarantees environmental, obtaining safety in honey and by-products derived from the hive previously treated.

In the current context, being young and a university student poses new challenges and transformations that give rise to stressful situations that can be reflected in the perception of happiness and well-being. Gender also influences this perception, based on what is socially expected for each sex. The differences in the gender role, expressed from the attributes socially assigned to each sex —whether masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated— can influence the way in which problems are perceived and faced in everyday life, giving rise to a different perception of happiness or well-being. Therefore, the following objective is proposed: to analyze, based on the Pemberton Happiness Index, the relationship between the perception of well-being and the gender role in university students in Sonora. The results show that the coexistence of positive feminine and masculine attributes, regardless of sex, give a favorable perspective of the interaction with their environment and the way in which the young people of the studied sample solve their problems. The social construction of gender explains the persistence of traditional roles, but also the emergence of more balanced ways of incorporating attributes considered feminine and masculine, for a better perception of happiness and well-being.