Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: La obesidad predispone a que los ancianos puedan sufrir una caída. El objetivo de este estudio fue contrastar las diferencias entre los factores de riesgo de caídas y el Índice de Masa Corporal en el adulto mayor hospitalizado. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y comparativo realizado en un Hospital de Especialidades de Veracruz, México. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia con una muestra constituida por 122 adultos mayores hospitalizados en las áreas de urgencias, ginecología y medicina interna. Los factores de riesgo de caídas se midieron con la escala de caída de Morse. Además de datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y de salud. Se usó estadística descriptiva e inferencial como Kruskal-Wallis, Chi Cuadrada y V de Cramer. Resultados: La media de edad fue 70.94±7.50 años e Índice de Masa Corporal de 28.66±3.80; antecedente de caídas, tener catéteres intravenosos y la falta de actividad física fueron factores de riesgo predominantes. Se encontró una diferencia estadística significativa entre la marcha y el Índice de Masa Corporal (p<0.05 y V de Cramer=0.204). Discusión: El Índice de Masa Corporal es un dato importante porque se asocia con problemas en la marcha. Conclusiones: La marcha es un factor de riesgo de caída que tiene diferencias significativas con el Índice de Masa Corporal, debido a que los ancianos con sobrepeso tuvieron una marcha alterada, que puede impedir mantener el equilibrio y como consecuencia una posible caída.Como citar este artículo: Santiago ADM, González PC, Solís LIA, Santiago TR. Factores de riesgo de caídas e índice de masa corporal en el adulto mayor hospitalizado. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(1): e621. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i1.621 

Introdução: Os danos nos nervos periféricos contribuem para a instalação das incapacidades físicas na hanseníase, levando a estigma social e sofrimento. Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre as variáveis clínicas e os graus de incapacidade física em casos novos de hanseníase. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal e analítico, realizado na Unidade de Referência em hanseníase do Estado do Pará-Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos em 323 prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com hanseníase, no período de 2005-2014. Para verificar a força de associação entre as variáveis utilizou-se o cálculo da Razão de Prevalência (RP). Resultados: O percentual de Grau 1 e 2 de incapacidades físicas somou 28,1% e as variáveis clínicas que tiveram associação à sua instalação foram: ser multibacilar (RP=7,2); ter baciloscopia positiva (RP= 2,0); apresentar episódios reacionais (RP=2,4); e possuir 4 ou mais nervos afetados (RP=17). Discussão: O predomínio da forma clínica contagiosa e potencialmente incapacitante aumenta o risco de reações e comprometimento neural, levando às incapacidades. Conclusões: São necessárias ações mais efetivas para o diagnóstico precoce e redução das incapacidades, bem como, potencializar a capacidade operacional da atenção básica para fortalecimento das ações do programa de hanseníase. Como citar este artigo: Silva JSR, Palmeira IP, Sá AMM, Nogueira LMV, Ferreira AMR. Variáveis clínicas associadas ao grau de incapacidade física na hanseníase. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(1): e618. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i1.618

“Nada sucede por accidente. Cada acontecimiento aislado es parte de lo que necesita suceder ahora” David BonhEn esta edición de la Revista Cuidarte, presentaremos manuscritos Científicos de autores internacionales y damos a conocer a todos nuestros lectores y miembros de la comunidad Científica los cambios generados a partir de la presente. 

La diabetes mellitus (DM) se considera una de las emergencias sanitarias mundiales del siglo XXI, por lo que constituye un tema de gran preocupación para la comunidad académica. Según estudios, la prevalencia de DM está aumentando notablemente en todo el mundo, debido al aumento de factores de riesgo como el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la falta de actividad física. Se estima que de continuar el aumento en los factores de riesgo, para el 2045 aproximadamente 693 millones de personas padecerán DM.La DM impacta de forma directa a quien lo padece en las diferentes esferas de su vida y se asocia con múltiples alteraciones físicas, psicológicas y sociales; causando una gran carga económica para las personas, las familias y para el sistema de salud, debido al uso incrementado de los servicios, la pérdida de productividad y a las múltiples complicaciones a largo plazo. En esa lógica, están presentes situaciones adversas como el estado funcional deficiente, hospitalizaciones innecesarias, eventos adversos de medicamentos, síntomas persistentes, asesorías contradictorias por parte de profesionales de la salud e incluso la muerte.Como citar este artículo: Garizábalo-Dávila CM, Rodríguez-Acelas AL, Cañon-Montañez W. Soporte social enfocado a personas con diabetes: una necesidad desde enfermería. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(1): e697. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i1.697

An agricultural pest of economic importance is Spodoptera frugiperda, in Tamaulipas it is common the incidence in corn, causing foliar damage which reduces the yield of grain, a solution to this problem is to use resistant cultivars; the native germplasm of Tamaulipas co-evolved with this insect, causing resistance to it. In order to evaluate the genetic effects and resistance of maize cultivars derived from native germplasm, foliar damage caused by S. frugiperda was determined in six inbred lines and their 30 crosses, under application conditions and non-application of insecticide in the Location of Güemez, Tamaulipas (spring-summer, 2015), a dialelic analysis was carried out with Griffing’s design I. For foliar damage, there were significant effects of general combinatorial aptitude (ACG), specific (ACE) and ACG interaction×insecticide treatment; there were only significant effects of ACG in the non-application treatment. The genetic expression of this germplasm determined by the mean values of the leaf damage showed a wide variation, the line LlHL5S3 had significant and negative effects of ACG and the crosses TGL2S3×LlHL5S3 the greater effects of negative ACE and less leaf damage (1.12), the crosses PWL1S3×TGL2S3, PWL1S3×LlNL4S3, TML3S3×LlNL4S3 and TML3S3×PWL6S3 excelled with leaf damage greater than 1.70; however, they had a reduction of less than 15.5% of grain yield. The variation of leaf damage depended on additive and non-additive effects and there was resistance to S. frugiperda, both due to non-preference and tolerance to leaf damage.

In 2014, two forms of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), one wild and the other domesticated, both of undetermined growth habit type IV, climber, were cultivated in the greenhouse. The culture was performed in hydroponics allowing the maximum expression of its genetic potential. The wild and domesticated form of P. vulgaris is an important reservoir of genes for plant breeding. The objective was to make a mutual comparison of phenological, morphological characters and yield components, as well as some physiological variables such as leaf area duration, net assimilation rate, pod filling index and harvest index. The wild form has a longer cultivation cycle than the domesticated one and a greater number of pods from the stage of filling the pod to the maturity of harvest and in the latter a greater number of seeds per plant, although the seeds of a smaller size and individual weight; likewise, the percentage of germination was similar in both forms without the need to scarify the seed. In the wild form, the total production of dry matter per plant and the duration of the leaf area are greater, this last characteristic due to the fact that its foliage remains functional longer compared to the domesticated one. The net assimilation rate is higher in the domesticated, which indicates its precocity. The traditional and modified harvest index (including and excluding the root in both cases) is higher in the domesticated form due to selection under domestication.

The cuatomate is a plant that belongs to the Solanaceas family, of the subgenus Leptostemonum, also called “spiny Solanaceae”, because it has thorns in different parts of the organs of the plant. It is a cultivated and wild species with a high potential to be exploited in new systems of productive reconversion in the Mixteca Baja Poblana region. In order to assess their productive capacity and characterize it agronomically, an experiment was established with a completely random design, with four replications, in Atlixco, Puebla, under controlled conditions of red tezontle as a substrate in hydroponics under shade mesh. The plants evaluated were one year old, the density was one plant per m2, with a distance between rows of 1.25 m and 1 m between plants. Four concentrations of the universal Steiner solution 25, 50, 75 and 100% were evaluated. The evaluated variables were number of bunches, total number of fruits accumulated and number of fruits harvested, polar and equatorial diameter of fruit, weight of fresh and dry fruit accumulated, as well as the average weight of fresh and dry fruit. The concentration of nutrients clearly influenced the number of fruits harvested and fruits accumulated, as well as the accumulated fresh weight; the other variables were not affected. The conditions of shade and hydroponics can be an alternative to encourage the cultivation of cuatomate and the increase in production; with economic potential for the Mixteca region of Puebla and other parts of the country.

The objective of the article is to contrast the practical knowledge that women and men possess about the quality and use of corn and beans, with the theoretical knowledge to evaluate the quality of these grains in the laboratory. There were 27 semi-structured interviews and two participatory workshops, in the mother tongue ‛triqui’, in Santo Domingo of the state, region triqui high, Oaxaca. The hectolitre weight (PH) and flotation index (IF) were evaluated in 20 corn collections. In beans, cooking time (TC), water absorption capacity during soaking (CAA) and percentage of solids in the cooking broth (PSC) in 15 accessions were evaluated. The results were analyzed with a completely randomized design, comparison test of tukey means and correlations. The interviewees indicated preference for white corn, with hard grains (IF= 0-12) and intermediate grains (IF= 38-62), followed by blue, pinto, yellow, red was less preferred. All the pigmented maize was hard grain (IF= 13-37). The pH was between 74-81 kg hl-1. In beans, the species Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common) and Phaseolus coccineus L. (ayocote) were identified, the one with the longest tradition and preference for consumption was the ‛dry bean’ (ayocote) which requires 317 min for cooking. The practical knowledge of men and women of Santo Domingo del Estado on the quality of corn and beans, showed an association with the theoretical trends of quality in corn; in the bean there was an association with the cooking time.  

The cultivation of corn in Mexico is one of the most important highlighting the High Valleys of Mexico, in this region the main problem of cultivation are diseases, mainly those that cause ear rot which decreases yield and represents large economic losses. One of these diseases is caused by the fungus Claviceps gigantea which is commonly known as horsetooth. This disease can invade the whole cob, preventing the formation of grain. In recent years, climatic conditions have favored the proliferation of this fungus in farms cultivated with corn Zea mays L. The present work was carried out in plots of one hectare of five municipalities of the State of Mexico, with the natural incidence of the fungus during three growing cycles (2013-2015) using geostatistical techniques and performing the conditioned and unconditioned simulation process to predict the spatial behavior of the disease over time. The results show that the simulation techniques used to predict the behavior of Claviceps gigantea are an effective tool to prevent the infestations produced by this fungus. This type of study aims to help the development of integrated management programs.

The indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides increases the risks of contamination to the environment, damage to health and reduction of populations of beneficial organisms, as well as selection of resistance of pests to these products. Given this scenario, efficient and less harmful alternatives are required for humans and non-target organisms. In this research the acute toxicity of botanical insecticide-acaricide BIODIe® (based on plant extracts of castor bean, chicalote and berberis) was evaluated on two pollinators -bees and bumblebees- and on the predators Chrysoperla carnea and Orius insidiosus, three methodologies were used of exposure: direct contact, residual contact and oral toxicity. The botanical insecticide was slightly toxic to the pollinators and predators studied, and was classified in category 1 of the international biological control organization (IOBC) due to low mortality (<25%). This suggests that this product represents low risks for non-target organisms in their implementation in integrated pest management.