Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Background. Shrimp farms are increasingly vulnerable to aflatoxin (AF) negative effects as frequent inclusion of plant-based ingredients is used in the diets. Goals. Evaluate the impact of a bentonite-based AF binder on growth parameters, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) activities of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp fed AF contaminated diets for 42 days. Methods. Juvenile shrimps were randomly assigned to the following study groups, including a non-contaminated diet (NCD), an AF contaminated diet (ACD), and ACD supplemented groups with either 1, 1.5 or 2 g/kg feed of Mycofix Plus (MyP), a clay-based mycotoxin binder that contains bentonite, enzymes, algae, and plants extracts. Results. Shrimp from ACD had a significantly lower mean weight, growth rate, feed intake and nitrogen retention percentage when compared to shrimp from the NCD group. All MyP treatments resulted in similar mean weight, growth rate and nitrogen retention efficiency to NCD animals, at the same time, only the ACD + 1 and ACD + 1.5 MyP had ALP and GST activities similar than that of shrimp fed NCD. Interestingly, shrimp from ACD + 2 MyP had high ALP and GST activities, even higher than the ACD animals. Conclusions. MyP protected shrimp from adverse AFs effects, however, at the highest dose, it increased metabolic enzyme activities, likely due to other bioactive compounds present in MyP.

Background. Tropical and subtropical estuarine ecosystems are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet, their seasonal fluctuations, their permanent or ephemeral connection with the ocean and freshwater discharges, generate a high biodiversity that provides numerous ecosystem services. In these ecosystems, biodiversity research has focused on macro-organisms and less attention has been paid to prokaryotes, particularly the archaea group. Goal. Based on a bibliographic review of the Archaea Domain in estuaries, coastal lagoons and mangroves located in tropical and subtropical zones, to provide a synthesis of the factors that influence the presence and distribution of archaea in these ecosystems and the role they play in biogeochemical cycles. Methods. A search was made of the articles published with the keywords Archaea + tropical coastal ecosystems and Archaea + subtropical coastal ecosystems. Results. The analysis of the environmental sequences obtained, from molecular techniques, in studies of the diversity of prokaryotes in coastal lagoons, estuaries and tropical and subtropical mangroves, have revealed a high diversity of archaea belonging mainly to methanogens and anaerobic methanotrophs (Phyla Euryarchaeota), ammonium-oxidizing archaea (Thaumarchaeota) and representatives of the Superphyllum Asgard. These groups can potentially participate in the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles, in aerobic or anaerobic conditions, with heterotrophic or autotrophic metabolisms, and their abundance and distribution are related to the physicochemical conditions of the ecosystems. Conclusions. The diversity of Archaea in tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystems is greater than previously recorded. These microorganisms play a vital role in various biogeochemical cycles as well as climate change

Recent advances in interpreting technologies are increasingly attracting researchers and practitioners, which has rose after the restrictions from COVID-19. Although interpreters have not traditionally benefited from technological advances compared to translators (Costa et al., 2018), the remote interpreting market had a turning point in March 2020 and since then, has undergone a major evolution and transformation. In this context, this new way of interpreting needs systems, platforms, and software for professionals to carry out interlinguistic mediation. In this paper, we aim to obtain an approximation of the main remote interpreting systems available from the perspective of professional interpreters. Consequently, from a selection of remote interpreting systems based on the criterion of use, we establish the parameters of analysis to check if these systems meet the needs of professional interpreters. We evaluate each system according to the established parameters, compare the results and draw conclusions.

This article focuses on demonstrating how poetic translation is closely dependent on linguistic typology. Poetic translation is characterized by its focus on the aesthetic function of language, which is the reason that the form is especially relevant. It is precisely for this reason that this article is about Japanese haiku, a poetic form characterized by its brevity and its conceptualism, so that the minimum expression must convey the maximum content. Specifically, a famous haiku by Bashō is going to be analysed, considered the paradigm of the haikus of this author's school, to demonstrate how the linguistic typology of the Japanese language facilitates the expression of the aesthetic sense that the poem transmits. It is true that this famous haiku has been analyzed on countless occasions, but what is proposed in this work is an analysis from the linguistic typology, a demonstration of how the typological characteristics of Japanese are intimately related to the aesthetics of Bashō's haiku, and a demonstration also of how this adaptation between the source language and the meaning of the poem constitutes a real problem for the translation, the solutions of which will be evaluated in two typologically different languages, English and Spanish. The work is divided into the following parts: First, the typological characteristics of Japanese are exposed compared to those of languages of other linguistic types. Next, the abstract meaning transmitted by the poems of the Bashō school is made explicit, which will allow us to establish the characteristics of their aesthetics. Next, the adequacy between the linguistic typology of Japanese and the essence of the content that the poem intends to convey will be shown. Finally, several translations of the poem into two languages of different typological groups, English and Spanish, will be analysed, and it will be judged to what extent it is possible to achieve the translation in each language. Keywords: Translation, Linguistic typology, Haiku, Bashō

Translatorial habitus is a key term incorporated Bourdieusian sociological concept of habitus and Translation Studies’ translation norms. In light of Bourdieu’s theoretical model of sociology, this study sought to address the translatorial behaviour of the Iranian translators of English romance novels in terms of the translation strategies of Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) before and after the Cultural Revolution of 1980 in Iran. 4282 sentences containing CSIs were obtained from Rebecca, Sense and Sensibility, the Great Gatsby, and their two Persian translations. Based on how each CSI was translated, they were grouped under one of Liang's proposed categorization. The frequency and percentages of each procedure were calculated using SPSS software. Moreover, the results were cross-checked with a qualitative analysis of some archived interviews printed in Motarjem [the translator] journal, newspapers, and WebPages. The evidence from this study suggests that there was a clear foreignizing trend among Iranian translators of the English romance novels when translating CSIs not only in the Pre-Cultural Revolution era but also in the Post-Cultural Revolution era. Also, a significant difference between various strategies utilized in the two eras was detected.

This paper presents a quasi-experimental field study, performed in the translation classroom, aiming to analyse the influence of teacher’s feedback on the students’ self-efficacy beliefs. This study was performed in three groups of a specialized translation course (Spanish-English) and adopted a mixed-method approach where the following techniques were implemented: classroom observation, interviews conducted with teachers, focus groups with students and the survey, which included The Translator’s Self-efficacy Beliefs Scale (Haro-Soler, 2018a). According to the results obtained, constructive feedback, including indirect, elaborate and dialogic feedback, fostered the self-efficacy beliefs to adequately solve translation problems of the students in two of the groups in this study. On the contrary, direct negative feedback provided by the teacher in a transmissionist learning environment decreased the students’ confidence to solve translation problems in the third group. Therefore, despite the difficulty in performing quasi-experimental field studies in the classroom (Nunan, 2007), this study will contribute to satisfying the need, identified by Bolaños-Medina (2014a), to perform (quasi-)experiments to empirically shed light on teaching practices that allow for the development of the students’ realistic self-efficacy beliefs in translator education.

This article focuses on advertising strategies of female empowerment in the marketing communication of global cosmetic brands. The starting point is that commercials do not acclaim any more eternal youth or propagate a female body with a perfect but unreachable size. On the contrary, the advertising strategy is based on promoting the empowerment of female beauty with advertising messages in favour of the diversity of the female body. This new type of advertising, referred to in the specialized advertising terminology as femvertising, is not intended to convey a stereotyped and idealized image of female beauty, instead, empowerment of women is pursued. Feminist and gender translation applied to audiovisual translation in general and, in particular, to the subtitling of audiovisual advertisements constitutes the frame of reference for this study. Specifically, applying the method of a case study, the commercial of a global cosmetic brand will be analysed and compared to its translation from English into Spanish. Firstly, the ideological load of the commercial will be determined to showcase how the discourse of female empowerment is constructed; secondly, it will be compared to its articulation in the automatic subtitling process offered on YouTube. This virtual platform offers two modes of automatically generated subtitling that determine intra and interlinguistic subtitling. The analysis will reveal a) the discursive construction around female empowerment and will shed light on whether the concept of beauty redefined by femvertising is one of feminine empowerment as opposed to the established canons of beauty, b) to which degree the automatic subtitling on YouTube conveys pro-female messages, and, finally, from a broader standpoint, c) if the subtitling on this platform, because of its global reach, is a suitable means for transnational feminist activism and works as a bridge in intercultural advertising communication.

That the leper was a well-known figure during the Middle Ages is shown by many literary texts from the 10th century on, as well as many academic studies published afterwards on this topic. However, the terminology used for people suffering from lepra in translations of the New Testament into old Germanic languages before the 10th century is a less studied field. In this article, the terms for «leper» are analysed in the source languages (Greek and Latin) as well as in the target languages (Gothic, Old English and Old High German) to ascertain whether similar terms are used in the target languages, or whether the same term in the source language is always translated with the same term in the target language. In addition to morphological analysis of the terms used in the target languages, since there is presumably no proper noun for «leper», this study aims to identify the image of the leper provided by each term by focusing on the aspects that these terms highlight, such as those concerning a physical-medical scope compared to other ones focusing on social aspects or the physical aspect, such as clothing. As for the conclusions of the study, it is worth noting the lack of terminological homogeneity in the target languages, as well as the wide diversity in semantic origin and content of the terms for «leper» in these very languages. This seems to indicate the existence of remarkable differences regarding the view of the people suffering from this disease, which is conveyed by the different terms.