Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The present study aimed to analyze the dynamics of phytoplankton functional groups and the degree of trophic degree in the Brazilian semi - arid reservoir during prolonged drought. The study was carried out in the Cordeiro reservoir, in the municipality of Congo, Paraiba, with samples from June to December 2015, with a quarterly frequency, near the reservoir bus. The phytoplankton species were identified and quantified to obtain the density, later the species were classified according to their strategies and functional groups. The trophic state was determined from the Index of the trophic state, for tropical environments. The study period was characterized by the reduction of water levels accumulated in the reservoir. The transparency of the Secchi was low, whose values were less than 1m. Total phosphorus concentrations during the study period were high (above 200 μg / L). Chlorophyll-a concentrations had a minimum of 8.17 μg/L in July 2015 and a peak of 93.67 μg/L in October 2015, with fluctuations throughout the study period. The environment was classified as mesotrophic in the month of June and eutrophic in the months of October and December. Ten descriptive species, grouped into four life strategies (CS, C, R, and S) and 08 functional groups (D, F, H1, N, P, X1 and Z) were identified. The functional groups reflected the environmental changes, being typical the presence of typical groups of meso-eutrophic shallow lakes. The potentially toxic species found in the study may pose health risks to people who use this water for consumption.

Baby corn is the name given to the female inflorescence of maize before pollination, that is, it is the ear of corn in development harvested two to three days after the issuance of the styles-stigmas. With a fine, delicate texture and sweet taste, the baby corn has become a promising product for the domestic and foreign market, especially since in Brazil the processed product was mostly imported from Thailand. The objective of this work was to perform productive analysis of maize genotypes for the production of baby corn in organic production system. The experiment was conducted at the Alegre campus of the IFES, with a randomized block design with seven genotypes in four replicates. The Alliance creole variety and the double hybrid BM 207 presented the highest yields of commercial ears, with an average of 2.92 t ha-1, and a higher number of commercial ears (365,495 ears ha-1). Although the creole Alliance variety did not present a final stand of plants within the ideal range for corn production, it had a prolific behavior with one of the highest number of ears per plant (3.35 ears plant-1) and besides the largest lengths of commercial ears (8.10 cm). In view of the data obtained, the creole Alliance variety is a great option to be used by small producers due to their low cost of seed acquisition and also because they have a wide adaptation in systems of low level of technological investment besides maintaining the genetic variability in the natural conditions of cultivation.

O uso da madeira da poda agroflorestal surge como uma forma de incentivo ao manejo das árvores nos sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) e como fonte de matéria prima para artesãos, proporcionando maior visibilidade ao componente arbóreo. O objetivo com esse estudo é avaliar o uso da poda como estratégia de manejo dos SAFs e na confecção de artefatos em madeira. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma propriedade da Associação de Produtores e Produtoras da Agricultura Familiar do Município de Tomé-Açu, e com artesãos da Associação de Artesãos da Amazônia, de Belém, Pará. Coletaram-se dados sobre a poda do componente arbóreo e sobre a compreensão da sustentabilidade no uso da poda no manejo dos SAFs e na atividade de artesanato. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva. A poda agroflorestal gerou 2,3 m3 de resíduos que foram utilizados para cobertura morta e a confecção de artefatos, portanto, o uso da madeira de poda se estabelece como mais um produto dos SAFs familiares, incentiva o manejo das árvores, e cria um canal de comercialização entre agricultores e artesãos; como estratégia de manejo, a poda contribui para a sustentabilidade ambiental, econômica e sociocultural, entretanto, a sensibilização dos agricultores para esta prática depende do conhecimento sobre os benefícios relacionados à sustentabilidade dos sistemas.

Landscaping modifications in land use and land cover may cause changes in the dynamics of ecosystems and in the local climate. Therefore, the aim was to verify if the land use and coverage pattern contribute to the existence and/or increasing of heat islands in the district of Mosqueiro-PA. Qualitative data were collected took place through non-formal interviews with residentes to know the ways of using and managing the properties. The quantitative data were obtained through thematic images of the island corresponding to the less rainy period of the region in the years of 2010, 2013 and 2015. The classification of land use and land cover in Mosqueiro island followed the unsupervised criterion. The surface temperature data (TS) were obtained by averages of spectral radiance values of thermal band of the Landsat satellites. The heat island determination considered the resultant of the temperature difference between the urban and forest area. In the period from 2010 to 2015, there was a reduction of 9.1% in forest area due to the increase in urban infrastructure and deforestation in the region, which is supported by the perception of sites residents. These modifications resulted in changes in TS, with an average increase of 5.15 °C, even though the occurrence of heat island in the urban space of the island was not detected. Accordingly, it is concluded that TS variations are entirely related to changes in land use and land cover classes on the island and that it tends to intensify without adequate environmental planning.

Success in growing forest species, such as sage (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth), depends essentially on the use of good quality seedlings. At this stage of production, several materials have potential for use, mainly, organic waste. However, there is little information about the potential for the use of these residues in the production of seedlings. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the initial development of sapiens' seedlings due to the use of organic substrates. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the Soil Science Department (SSD) of the Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Ceará. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments, as follows: bovine manure + sand (BM), goat manure + sand (GM), rabbit manure + sand (RM), all in a ratio of 1: 1, and control the sand base (S) with six replicates. At 84 days after sowing the plants were collected for the determination of the following variables: leaf number (LN), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), root length (RL), shoot dry mass (SDM) and root dry mass (RDM). With the exception of the RL variable, all variables were significantly influenced by the use of the substrates. LN showed higher averages when grown in goat or bovine manure. In relation to PH and SD, LN-like behavior was observed, however, for SD, rabbit manure was statistically similar to bovine and goat. Thus, sage seedlings can be produced on a substrate basis of bovine and goat manure in a mixture with sand in a ratio of 1: 1. The best initial development of sage saplings occurs with the use of substrate based on bovine manure.

Essential oils have secondary metabolites with antibacterial and antifungal properties. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the phytopathogen incidence and the physiological quality in seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. BRS Splendor, treated with different essential oils in different packages and storage times. The essential oils of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), clove (Syzgium aromaticum), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), ginger (Zingiber officinale), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), peppermint (Mentha piperita) and lemon-taiti (Citrus aurantifolia), commercial fungicide and the control, packed in kraft or pet. At 0, 60, 120 and 180 days after storage of the seeds, the water content were evaluated; first count of germination; percentage of germination; emergence of seedlings; speed germination index, dry matter and blotter test. The treatments with essential oils of C. aurantifolia and C. zeylanicum did not affect the percentage of germination of the seeds during the storage when packed in kraft packaging. At 120 and 180 days after storage, treatments with essential oils of C. aurantifolia and C. zeylanicum did not affect the percentage of germination of the seeds when packed in kraft packaging. There was a significant effect among the packages within the same storage period for the essential oils of C. zeylanicum; C.sinensis and M. officinalis that decreased the incidence of the fungus of the genus Aspergillus spp. The essential oils of C. zeylanicum and S. aromaticum decreased the incidence of Penicillium spp., both stored in pet, the essential oil of C. zeylanicum being similar to the commercial fungicide. The kraft packaging was more efficient in preserving the physiological quality of the treated seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. than the pet package. At zero storage time, treatments with C. sinensis and S. aromaticum promoted a negative effect on the physiological quality of the seeds compared to the control. The essential oil of C. citratus influenced negatively the percentage of germination of the seeds in relation to the other essential oils when stored in a kraft packaging.

The present work had the objective of producing the cartographic production of 4 thematic maps that compose the physical physical inventory of the watershed of the stream of Veado, located in Presidente Prudente - SP. The choice for referring maps was due to their individual particularities. The maps related to the topography of the study area (hypsometry and slope) are justified because there is a high number of floods in the region. As for the maps of land use and anthropogenic investments (land use and land cover and possible sources of contamination), it is justified by the current silting state of the basin. The choice of the study area represents the concern regarding the recovery of environmental aspects and conservation of the Veado stream basin area, mainly due to its local importance. Therefore, through geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques, the main physical characteristics and the main factors of possible contamination of the basin under study were collected and mapped. The results of the thematic maps discussed confirm the need for the preservation and recovery of degraded areas in the basin, which are almost completely degraded and urbanized, and it is necessary to establish adequate environmental planning techniques for their efficient restoration.

The present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using undecylenic acid, extracted from castor oil (Ricinus communis), as an antiseptic in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). For this purpose, a prototype of a treadmill, made of castor resin, covered with an acid impregnated adhesive mat, on which the animals of the study were walked, was used. The work was developed with 54 dogs and the samples of the swabs of the cushions were collected from the right (control) and left (test) anterior limbs, and the control and test samples were collected, respectively, before and after the use of the treadmill. After the collection, the swabs were packaged in isothermal boxes with recyclable ice and sent for processing in the Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology. After incubation at 37ºC for 24 to 48 hours, the individual counts of each CFU / ml plate were performed, the results were obtained from the means of the duplicates for each dilution and organized into tables and figures. Of the 54 animals, 81.48% presented a reduction of the microbial population, 14.81% presented absence of variation of the microbial population and 3.70% presented increase of the microbial population. Considering only the viable results, 95,65% presented a reduction of the microbial population, therefore it can be concluded that the undecylenic acid has an antiseptic action, considerably reducing the population of microorganisms present in dogs' cushions.

The preparation of nodulated fine roots of cowpea is an alternative of inoculation with strains that perform the biological fixation of microbial community nitrogen locally adapted to the climatic and soil conditions, as well as to the local varieties. This work intends to evaluate the effect of inoculation from a fine root preparation on the vegetative growth of cowpea in comparison to commercial inoculation, urea fertilization and combinations thereof. The design was completely randomized with four replicates and the following treatments: T1: Witness; T2: Inoculum with roots; T3: Commercial inoculum; T4: Inoculum with roots + fertilization with urea in coverage; T5: Commercial inoculum + fertilization with urea under cover and T6: Fertilization with urea under cover. Root inoculation treatment plus cover nitrogen fertilization provided higher root length (57.25 cm) compared to treatment with only nitrogen fertilization in the cover (42.00 cm). In relation to the number of nodules at the 48 DAE, it was verified that the inoculation with roots was superior to the control and the nitrogenous fertilization in coverage. It was also observed that the SPAD index was lower in the control (40.25 g kg -1) and in urea fertilization (40.55 g kg -1). Fertilization with 20 kg ha-1 of urea resulted in lower root and shoot growth, number of nodules, dry mass of the plant part and SPAD index. The use of root inoculation is a viable alternative for the family farmer and agroecological based producers, but it needs to be evaluated in the field.

There are several sources of organic inputs that can be used in the agricultural environment for the production of seedlings. The objective of this work was to evaluate the percentage of emergence of jealous seedlings (Calotropis procera) and their initial growth in different substrates, in order to determine which of the substrates presents the best behavior for this species. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Ceará Campus Sobral, with twelve sand substrates; Ground; Goat manure; Bagana; coconut fiber; Sand + manure; Sand + coconut fiber; Sand + bagana; Soil + goat manure; Solo + coconut fiber; Solo + bagana; Soil + goat manure + bagana) with four replicates. The percentage of emergence, plant height, stem diameter and leaf number, root length, dry shoot mass and root dry mass of jealous plants were measured. The substrates when combined with coconut fiber, bagana and goat manure provide better conditions of vigor and better development of the aerial part of the plants of jealousy. The substrates considered not ideal for emergence of C. procera seedlings are manure goat and soil + goat manure.