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546,196 artículos
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Álvarez, Carlos
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
Las reseñas no contemplan resumen/abstract
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Ponce de León Atria, Macarena
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
The objective of this article is to understand the process of expansion of the system of public primary education during the period of territorial formalization and consolidation. Between 1840 and 1907 the multiplication of schools and the rate of enrollment increased, but the chronology and geographical distribution throughout the country were not always parallel phenomena’s. This discovery makes it necessary to reconstruct from the evidence certain trends, in order to demonstrate that the extension of schooling and the access to it were processes that were closely linked but whose connection was not mechanical in nature. Moreover the pattern of rural settlement in Chilean society was at the bottom in both the scholarly index and the attendance of students during this period, because it determined the construction of a urban network of schools, leaving two thirds of the population disseminated in the countryside out the system.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Ayala Cordero, Ignacio
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
Using a comparative approach to analyse judicial files on thefts and robberies, in thisarticle’s I study the dynamics of the circulation of stolen objects in Santiago of Chile,and Mexico City, from the end of the nineteenth to the beginning of the twentieth century.These dynamics involved subjects, practices, and urban spaces. In this way, I seekto make visible the actors involved in the economic circuits and their specific roles inthe process, such as cover-ups, buyers of stolen goods, and resellers. I also highlight thepractices of pawning, selling, and gifting as specific forms of illegal business transactions.Likewise, I will highlight a particularity of the loaning of garments, which correspondsto the circulation of pawn tickets. Finally, I identify certain businesses, markets,and neighbourhoods where this circulation would have occurred in each city.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Bonialian, Mariano
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
The mercantile expeditions organized by Lima’s commercial and political elite who tradedwith the Philippines and China during times of notable silver production in Potosíare studied from the last two decades of the sixteenth century until 1604. This analysisemphasizes the roles in this trade of the viceroys of New Spain, Perú, and the governorsof the Philippine islands such as Francisco Tello de Guzmán. Case studies are undertakenof the networks built by Limenian neighbors Juan de Segura and Diego Núñez de Campoverde.This paper ends with an analysis of the merchandise coming from the East destinedfor Lima, Potosí, Sucre, and La Paz. Research for this article has been conducted in theGeneral Archive of the Indies (Sevilla, Spain), the Peruvian General Archive, MéxicoCity’s General Notary Archive, and the Bolivia’s Nationals Archive and Library.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Huidobro Salazar, María Gabriela
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
This article analyses the reflections of Gabriela Mistral (1889-1957) on classical humanismand its importance for the education of youth, through her speeches, interviews andletters written between the 1920s and 1940s. Mistral’s approaches are addressed from ahistorical perspective, in relation to the political and cultural context of the first decadesof the 20th century. Being critical of the society of her time, as well as of the discoursesand practices of violence and totalitarianism that she conceived associated with masculineimpulses, Mistral resorted to classical humanism to appeal for a more humane andcomprehensive education with a feminine perspective.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Reyes Campos, Nora
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
In this article we present an estimation of a series of average real wages in the period ofstate-led industrialization for blue-collar men and women. The series has been calculatedfrom a new primary source, the Yearbooks of the Workers Insurance Fund and the SocialSecurity Service and revised with a price index due to the control price policies and theemergence of a black market in the later years. The results show that the wage series hadlittle capacity of growth and remain stagnant for much of the period and subject to price rises. Comparison of output per worker with the series of wages adjusted by the CPI andby the output deflator reveals a large gap in growth rates, showing an unequal distributionof both growth gains and the effects of economic imbalances, expressed in inflation.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Gouveia Mendonça Muniz, Pollyanna
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
En la sociedad colonial, los indios bautizados, los mestizos, los cafuzos, los mamelucos,los negros y los pardos estaban sometidos a la jurisdicción de los obispos. Todas lasdiócesis contaban con tribunales episcopales, pero sus registros representan un recursodocumental que ha recibido poca atención historiográfica. El objetivo de este artículo esinvestigar el papel del poder episcopal en la represión y el intento de control de los comportamientosdesviados de las poblaciones no blancas cuyos miembros se encuadrabanen categorías étnicas y jurídicas diferenciadas. Los documentos indican una importanteintegración de los indígenas y mestizos en la vida cristiana de las comunidades a partir del conocimiento que demostraban de las normas y comportamientos exigidos a los cristianos.El poder episcopal mostró especial preferencia por la rehabilitación y preservaciónde estos nuevos cristianos en el Maranhão colonial de la Amazonia portuguesa durante elsiglo XVIII.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Cordero Fernández, Macarena
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
The following article focuses on the figure of Commissioner Tomás Pérez, nephew of Bishop Pérez de Espinoza, in order to give an account of the political and social network configured by them, as well as the disputes and oppositions they had with other networks of political, social and family influences in the first half of the 17th century in the diocese of Santiago. This period was, perhaps, the one with the greatest inquisitorial activity in the Viceroyalty of Peru, and corresponds, in turn, to the moment in which the Government of Chile “is in the world”, which implied the translation of knowledge and ideals in vogue to the particular Chilean reality, which entailed, on the one hand, the global linkage and synchrony, and on the other, the local translation and diachrony of the Spanish Monachian vision.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Salinas Urrejola, Isidora
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
This article analyzes the participation of a female group of primary school teachers in theGeneral Association of Chilean Teachers (1922) and suggests that during the time studiedthere was a phenomenon of politization, linked to the functionalist current of educationalpractices and the demands of the social movement, but also the construction of a feministpolitical reflection that was influential in union politics. We analyze the ideas of threeteachers, representative of this group (articles, speeches, letters) that were in labor unionsfrom 1923 until 1934, when in addition to their feminist reflections they adopted a criticalstance regarding legislation concerning municipal women’s suffrage.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
0717-7194
Barría, Diego; Romero Pavez, Diego
Instituto de Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
In 1948, the Chilean commercial aviation sector was reformed. The Civil AeronauticsBoard (JAC) was created, and the Línea Aérea Nacional (LAN), which held a monopolyon cabotage rights, permitted the entry of several private carriers into the industry. In1953 LAN’s monopoly was eliminated opening a competition among airlines. Based onarchival research at the JAC, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and using congressional andpress records, this article analyzes the emergence of private airlines and evaluates how theend of the cabotage monopoly impacted the internal aviation market and modified bothLAN and private carriers’ strategies.
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