Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: in order to strengthen and renew the knowledge of general practitioners, all health care demands and needs from population area huge importance, more over in a context where this area of knowledge is constantly updated. Objective: to assess the development strategy implemented for the improvement of the professional performance of primary health care physicians for a better care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, attended in both teaching polyclinics, Policlínico Docente "Jorge Ruiz Ramírez" and Policlínico Docente de Playa, located in Playa municipality, Havana, Cuba, in the pointed period September 2020 to June 2021. Method: an observational and descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, supported with the implementation of a development strategy in a group of 32 physicians, who were selected as sample. The observation of professional performance, the pre-experimental design, the expert consultation and satisfaction test were used. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov technique, the Delphi method and the Chi-square statistical test were applied. Results: it was found that the experts consulted evaluated all the indicators as quite adequate; in the pre-experimental design, the cognitive, care, and attitude dimensions, very positive changes were observed. With the implementation of the intentional development strategy, the group satisfaction index was rate as Very satisfactory. Conclusions: the outcomes reached marked the scientific value of the study, in which the variable used: professional performance of primary health care physicians for a better care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, had positive changes at the time of the development strategy was implemented.

Introduction: aging is a phenomenon present throughout the life cycle, from the beginning to end of life, where the use of dental prostheses may have a great impact on the quality of life. Objective: to determine the influence of the use of dental prostheses on the quality of life of the older adult patients treated in the private dental clinic Dental C&S Dr. Luis Fernando Criollo, located in the city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 23 elderly people selected by non-probabilistic sampling. The information was collected by means of a survey validated by experts. It was analyzed the use of total prosthesis, time of use, chewing problems, easily misaligned and the causes, affectation of the buccal mucosa caused by chewing, time in taking food and its characteristics. Results: the use of total prosthesis was predominant (62.5%) in the adults studied and 59.1% of them referred have been using it for more than 2 years. The 59.5% reported chewing problems when using the prosthesis, 54.5% reported a frequent prosthesis misalignment, in which 50.0% of them reported the consumption of hard foods as main cause. The 56.5% of respondents was found with gums problem and they took approximately 40 minutes to eat their meals. Conclusions: the use of prostheses have a great impact on the quality of life of older adults, causing on them chewing problems and misalignment when eating hard foods, presenting lesions in the oral mucosa and taking more time to eat.

Introduction: the tracking of the pupil center using videoculography images is widely used for the diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system. The difference between the automatically detected value of the pupil center and the reference value marked by a specialist (annotation) determines the accuracy of the diagnosis. The manual annotation process is very laborious, tedious, and prone to human error. Annotations are essential to develop and evaluate algorithms in the area of artificial vision, mainly those based on supervised learning, however, there are few interactive tools to perform reliable annotation of the center of the pupil.Objective: to develop an open source tool to annotate the center of the pupil. Method: The functional and non-functional requirements of the tool are defined and two algorithms are implemented for the semi-automatic annotation of the center of the pupil based on the ellipse and circle adjustment methods, from several points marked by the specialist.Results: The software application, called PUPILA, was developed in Python, from March 2020 to September 2020, and provides various auxiliary functions that facilitate the annotator's task. Conclusions: The new tool provides an agreeable and interactive environment to record the center of the pupil, guaranteeing comfort, accuracy and reduction of subjectivities in the specialist's work. It is open source and cross-platform, allowing it to be compatible with various devices and free to use. It has made it possible to annotate images from public databases and others acquired experimentally.

Introducción: la invaginación intestinal es causa frecuente de síndrome oclusivo en etapa de lactante, y la reducción hidrostática guiada por ecografía es una opción de tratamiento conservador. Objetivo: determinar la eficacia de la reducción hidrostática guiada por la ecografía en el tratamiento de la invaginación intestinal en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente “General Pedro Agustín Pérez”, de Guantánamo, durante el período enero de 2017 a enero de 2022. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en el servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica de dicha institución. El universo se constituyó por el total de pacientes tratados con esa terapéutica (n=59), en los cuales se estudió: edad, sexo, manifestaciones clínicas, número de intentos de reducción, tiempo de evolución de la invaginación y la reductibilidad, complicaciones durante o después del proceder y necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico y la causa del mismo. La información se obtuvo mediante la revisión del registro estadístico del Comité de Intervenciones Quirúrgicas del centro y las historias clínicas. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino (62,7 %), la edad entre 3 a 6 meses de edad (59,3 %) y los síntomas vómitos e irritabilidad (59,3 %). Se logró la reducción hidrostática en el 91,5 % de los casos, de ellos, en el primer intento el 83,0 %. El 100,0 % de los pacientes tuvo menos de 24 horas de evolución y se logró la desinvaginación en el 81,4 %. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio muestran que este tratamiento es conservador, seguro y efectivo, no expone al paciente a radiaciones ionizantes y reduce los riesgos de una intervención quirúrgica, realizado por un equipo de profesionales conformado por cirujano, radiólogo y anestesiólogo, solucionando el problema de salud en un breve período de tiempo.

Introducción: las secuelas de la tortícolis muscular congénita en niños tiene un amplio espectro, algunas de las cuales, una vez establecidas pueden requerir complejas y costosas correcciones quirúrgicas. Objetivo: caracterizar las secuelas de tortícolis muscular congénita según elementos clínicos, radiológicos y epidemiológicos en niños atendidos en Santiago de Cuba en el periodo 2017-2020. Método: estudio prospectivo-analítico de caso-control en 112 niños con dicha enfermedad, separados en casos (24 niños) y controles (88 niños). El procesamiento de datos implicó análisis de frecuencias, cálculo de Ji-cuadrado, identificación de factores asociados a variable dependiente, cálculo del valor de p y OR. Resultados: se obtuvo predominio de población masculina en casos (70,8 %) y controles (68,2 %), con asociación estadística entre edad ≥ 6 meses al momento del diagnóstico y presencia de complicaciones (OR: 2,4-20,4; p=0,00). Existió asociación estadística entre macrosomía al nacer y presencia de complicaciones en 25,0 % de casos y 11,4 % de controles (OR: 1,9-12,5; p=0,02). Hubo asociación estadística entre inicio tardío del tratamiento rehabilitador y complicaciones (OR: 2,86-21,3; p=0,00).Conclusiones: se observó predominio de complicaciones orgánicas o comorbilidades en varones, siendo más probable el incremento significativo de secuelas en estos y cuando se inicia el tratamiento médico después de los 6 meses de edad. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron: asimetría facial, plagiocefalia y asociación de dos o más secuelas.

Introducción: los tumores cerebrales son un grupo heterogéneo dada las diferentes líneas celulares que los originan. Los tumores cerebrales más frecuentes son los que se derivan de la glía, siendo los astrocitomas los más comunes. Objetivo: sistematizar los hallazgos de los estudios que examinaron múltiples factores pronósticos de supervivencia en pacientes con tumores cerebrales tipo astrocitoma. Método: se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales, analíticos, prospectivos. La búsqueda bibliográfica se efectuó en las bases de datos electrónicas Medline, SciELO, LILACS, PubMed y Google Académico, con los siguientes términos descriptores: edad, sexo, factores pronósticos, cáncer cerebral, astrocitoma. Resultados: en la búsqueda se hallaron 136 452 artículos que estaban distribuidos en diferentes bases de datos. Al aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad quedaron para el análisis 13 artículos. En el caso de los factores pronósticos dependientes de la lesión, tumor o enfermedad, en la mayoría de las investigaciones se mostró una tendencia a evaluar el grado histológico y la histología de la lesión. En el caso de los pronósticos dependientes del paciente existió una mayor inclinación hacia la edad, el sexo y la sintomatología presentada, mientras que en los dependientes del tratamiento se mostraron indistintamente las modalidades de tratamiento sugeridas a los pacientes: cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia.Conclusiones: en esta investigación se presentaron los principales factores pronósticos en pacientes con tumores astrocíticos contenidos en las literaturas referentes al tema, que se agrupan en factores pronósticos dependientes del tumor, el paciente y el tratamiento. Estos deben ser tenidos en cuenta para evaluar al paciente con estas lesiones tumorales cerebrales.

Introduction: competence in mathematics is related to the development of basic skills for number processing (symbolic and non-symbolic) from early stages of development and before formal schooling. There is evidence that the home environment provides experiences that facilitate the acquisition of specific math-related skills. Objective: to identify activities and relationship styles present in the family setting that are good predictors of numerical processing and arithmetic performance in Cuban preschool children. Method: between September and November 2019, 82 Cuban preschoolers and their parents were evaluated through a non-experimental transactional study, with a descriptive-correlational nature. The instruments used were the Numeracy Screener and Parent Questionnaire, both adapted to the Cuban context at the Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba. Results: the development of specific skills for basic numerical processing, in symbolic and non-symbolic format, significantly predicted mathematical performance in the sample studied. It was confirmed that the presence in the family of relationship styles and activities that include numerical and quantitative content favors the development of numerical processing skills in preschool children.Conclusions: among the most significant factors found were: parental education, their experiences and attitudes towards mathematics and the frequency with which they share formal numerical practices with their children at home.

Abstract   Objective: To determinate the complications that was occured to the patients with brain aneurysm rupture, at the Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren from 2006 – 2014, during the pre-operative, intraoperative and postoperative period, we used a quantitative, observational, descriptive transversal and retrospective, study. Methods: We reviewed Clinical History who were operated of brain rupture aneurysm and who qualified of patients to be included. The data obtained was evaluated with complication graphics in three moments analized. Results: From 109 operated patients, we evaluated 67 (61.46%) Clinical Histories. 47 women (70.14%), 20 men (29.85%). Ages varying between 22 and 82. With 35 cases between 45 and 65 years of age (52.23%). Posterior comunicant aneurysms 33 cases (49.25%). Global Vassospasm 49 cases (24.37%). Hydrocephalus 15 cases (7.46%). Intrahospital pneumonia 34 cases (50.74%). Speech problems 15 cases (22.38%). Conclusion: We found that women are more likely to develop this disease than men, we also have that the complications during the pre-op period were haemorhage 9 cases (13.43%), vasospasm 15 cases (22.38%). And intrahospital pneumonia 7 cases (10.44%). During the surgery the complications found were rupture of the aneurismatic sac in 21 cases (31.34%). Complicated disection 36 cases (53.73%); after surgery the complications are Delayed Brain Ischemia in 18 cases (26.86%), unnoticed clipping of the pericallosa arthery or temporal branch or frontal branch of medial cerebral artery in 5 cases (7.46%), distal cerebral infarct 7 cases (10.44%), pneumonia intra-hospital 29 cases (43.38%), hemiparesis 17 cases (25.37%), hemiplegi 8 cases (11.94%), aphasy and disartria 15 cases (22.38%). Hydroelectrolitic disorder 57 cases (85.07%). 24 cases (35.82%) were operated withing 4th to 10th day after the ruptured aneurysm. Recommendation: Proceed to do surgery, on patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm even if they are within the 4th to 10th day of the initial event, days that are considerated “prohibited”. Key words: Ruptured Aneurysm; Complications; Before; Into and after surgery; Results. (source: MeSH NLM) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v18.n1.1266