Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Este artículo tiene como objetivo relacionar de qué manera una noción integrada de espacio (absoluto, relativo y relacional), el desarrollo del pensamiento espacial en la construcción del raciocinio geográfico y las posibilidades de orientación práctica para la enseñanza de la Geografía en el mundo escolar. Para cumplir con este objetivo, esta propuesta recupera algunas de las discusiones disponibles en la literatura sobre educación geográfica, centrándose en el debate teórico de la cartografía escolar en la educación geográfica brasileña. Estos estudios nos permitieron, además de obtener datos consistentes en el campo de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la Geografía, evidencias para analizarlos campos constituyentes del raciocinio geográfico y el alcance de raciocinar en la Geografía. En términos de resultados este ejercicio documental comprensivo caracteriza la cualidad relacional que deriva de un raciocinio de totalidad – en la especialidad- propio de la Geografía; se adentra en definir la naturaleza procedimental del pensamiento espacialcon sus respectivos potenciales habilitadores para lograr un conocimiento poderoso y proyecta cinco campos en los cuales se juega la definición prioritaria de una educación pensada para que el sujeto no sólo comprenda y explique el espacio, sino para que lo habite y lo transforme.

Within the limits presented by the journal, the article focuses on a theoretical-methodological question: the terms, contents and meanings of the concept of production of space to think about urban dynamics today, traversed by the process of financialization.The challenge is to understand contemporary urban dynamics beyond the city and the metropolis as material expressions of the urban phenomenon (or its cartographic representation) by understanding the explanatory foundations of contemporary urban dynamics from the concept of production of space. We take as a starting point for the understanding of space, its production as a condition, means and product of the social relations that keep men alive, reproducing themselves in the frameworks of a "radical critical geography". Today the productive processes of space are supported by new processes of valuation dictated by the development of finance. This movement, constitutive of the current moment of capitalist accumulation, dominates everyday life, deepening the deprivation of the urban.

This paper presents the history of the colonial formation of the Isluga community, located in the highlands of the current region of Tarapacá. Special attention is paid to the transition from a simple livestock annex to the status of common of Indians, first in the general framework of a lax system of occupation, still related to the existence of vacant lands that facilitate the integration of foreigners, and then with a system of more rigid social order structured around localized estates defined by patrilineal affiliation, linked to the territorial densification produced by the increase in tributaries. We argue that this process must be understood in the context of colonial domination where it occurs. Finally, by way of conclusion, the discussion on the affiliation of the Isluga community is resumed as it has been described by ethnography with Andean mental structures.

For the northern and central regions of Chile, a high risk of drought due to the effect of climate change is projected. Its impacts will depend on the ability of the communities to face the phenomenon, in a context of fragility of institutions and markets, deterioration of the environment and lack of planning. The objective of this article is to share part of the experience of a planning process for water conservation and management in the Limarí river basin (30 ° S), northern Chile. An adaptation of the open standards methodology was carried out to conserve water systems and their biodiversity, defining conservation objects, rating their threats, and identifying priority conservation sites. This was developed during the spring of 2017, and involved bibliographic review, geospatial analysis, interviews with scientists and key actors, along with expanded workshops in different areas of the basin. Thus, 11 conservation objects were identified, which are threatened by 17 human activities. In addition, 14 sites of interest for the conservation of water and biodiversity in the Limarí river basin were identified. The results are an input for territorial planning and definition of protected wild areas

El cambio en el régimen de eventos de inundaciones en espacios urbanos es una problemática global. Para identificar posibles causas de las inundaciones en San José de Mayo, se analiza a nivel cuenca los factores que favorecen este fenómeno, considerando el cambio climático y las transformaciones en los usos del suelo. Se evalúa la incidencia de la variabilidad de eventos fuertes de precipitación, precipitaciones acumuladas e intensificación productiva en relación al caudal del río, con el fin de comprender la ocurrencia de eventos de inundación en la ciudad. Se identificaron en los últimos 30 años aumentos en las precipitaciones; una asociación entre las precipitaciones y los niveles del río; y además un cambio en la matriz productiva en el territorio. Donde los procesos de impermeabilización del suelo, frente al cambio climático, generan una situación de mayor vulnerabilidad para la población en áreas inundables. Como las cuencas sufren alteraciones en el uso del suelo, la protección de los bosques nativos y humedales pueden favorecer la amortiguación del aumento del nivel del agua en los ríos. Se muestra la importancia de crear una estrategia territorial a nivel nacional para actuar en los espacios urbanos inundables, teniendo en cuenta toda la cuenca.

In the context of neoliberalism, cities have taken a prominent role in becoming the center of economic and social life. Various authors consider that the city is the new scenario of risk given its rapid and chaotic growth. The urbanization of the floodable areas of the Greater Buenos Aires Agglomerate was led by the most vulnerable groups due to the low rental value of these lands, the absence of basic services and their condition of waterlogging. Consequently, the risk of flooding fell on these communities. This is the case of the town of 9 de Abril (municipality of Esteban Echeverría), which, being located on the flood plain of the Matanza river, its inhabitants were repeatedly affected by flooding of hydrometeorological origin. For this reason, this article focuses on the analysis of how the press has dealt with the flood that occurred in October 2019, with the aim of identifying in relation to the risk of flooding: which dimensions stand out and are blurred; how the intervening social actors are represented; how the causes that generate these excesses of water are explained; And what solutions do the authorities propose to mitigate these events.

The article analyzes and documents the experience of the Auquénidos y Pieles Finas Experimental Station located in the Misitune cattle ranch in the Chilean highlands, as an early reference of ways to approach the development of indigenous communities in the Chilean border region (Department of Arica) from the second half of the 20th century in contexts of economic development paradigms. Its link with the developmental paradigm promoted by the action of the Arica Advancement Board in coordination with foreign organizations that promoted the implementation of a supposed model of sustainable development in the area is analyzed.

This paper examines the environmental, socioeconomic and sociocultural dysfunctions in the coastal areas of the island and the sea of Chiloé (Chile), using a methodology based on the DPSIR model. Due to the archipelagic condition of the study area and its location in the mid-latitudes of the southern hemisphere, special attention is paid to the relationship between territorial problems and the implications of climate change. The results reflect, in terms of coastal management, a reciprocal interaction between long and medium-term structural factors that disarticulate the coastal territory and the consequences derived from climate change. However, the solutions to address these deficiencies have not been sufficient to reverse the situation and promote the preservation of the ecosystem services that are so necessary for human welfare. Considering the social context that Chile is going through and the expectations of progressing in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) matters from the academic and legal spheres, the operational diagnosis proposed here is interesting to advance in the achievement of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Chiloé.

En años recientes, la Ciudad de México ha atravesado por un proceso de renovación económica que ha derivado en diversas intervenciones urbanísticas y, por tanto, en el encarecimiento de la vida en la misma. En este trabajo, en consecuencia, se analizan los efectos económicos y sociales que han tenido las políticas de sostenibilidad, particularmente las de la administración 2006-2012, con el objetivo de evaluar su desempeño cualitativo en el contexto de renovación de la ciudad. Para analizar el desempeño de las políticas de sostenibilidad se examinan y comparan detalladamente los discursos de la renovación urbana y la urbanización sostenible en la Ciudad de México, y se analiza información cualitativa y cuantitativa sobre la urbanización de las políticas de renovación y sostenibilidad. Entre los hallazgos obtenidos se aprecia que las políticas de sostenibilidad fueron integradas al proceso de renovación de la ciudad, resultando en: i) el desarrollo de nichos de mercado de productos y servicios verdes, ii) el encarecimiento de la ciudad mediante la construcción o la restauración tanto de zonas verdes como de proyectos inmobiliarios a diversas escalas, y iii) la sustitución de los objetivos cualitativos del desarrollo sostenible por objetivos cuantitativos y económicos.

Living arrangements explain how residential demand is organized to access supply. In the Latin American family system, its complexity constitutes a survival strategy, which has a close relationship with the standard of living. In the article, the interactions between the forms of co-residence and the characteristics of the dwellings are spatially modeled for the Bogota study case and the results of this interaction at local level are mapped. Based on the factor analysis of census data, a complexity index of co-residence at the census sector scale is constructed, which is used as a dependent variable in a geographically weighted regression that considers contextual, social and demographic variables as explanatory factors. A new form of classification of the city is obtained in which the intensity and direction or the factors that explain the forms of the co-residence inside the house, are locally identified. The social variables are the most determining among the highest-income areas, while among the lowest-income, it is the age of household head. The local relative weight of houses is a determining element of the complexity in the co-residence, common to all areas of the urban space. The continuous replacement of houses for apartments in Bogota put in question the subsistence of the co-residence family support system in contexts of residential transformation.