Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

   

   

Objective: Compare the case of the San Luis Metal Forming (SLMF) auto parts Company, one of the subsidiaries established in Mexico of the multinational Magna International Inc. Methodology: It is comprised of an analysis of the employment practices and benefits, for both the employees of the corporation and those of its subsidiary, with the purpose of determining what type of jobs are generated and if their quality is comparable to the principles espoused by the corporation on a global level. Results: A series of categories called "principles" was formed with which the organizational model established by the multinational and the model applied by the subsidiary were compared. Limitations: Presently, both for multinational companies as well as the governments of host countries, carrying out practices that will contribute to the strengthening of social development has become an ideal that is increasingly more important, and which in many cases is directly related to the development of innovation, unfortunately in the host countries this is demonstrated in less growth.  Conclusions: This work made evident the gap existing between the multinational and SLMF and how this is determined by local policies.

Objective: From the approach of Environmental Justice, this work compares the socioeconomic conditions that characterize social disadvantaged population groups, with an emphasis on children residents in rural locations located in the main agricultural regions of the state of Sonora, Mexico. Methodology: The study is quantitative, non-experimental, cross-relational and comparative. The information was obtained from a family socioeconomic questionnaire applied to women-mothers (n?363) and a psychological test to children (n = 698). With the data of the first instrument, the Socioeconomic Conditions Index (ICSe) and the Health Conditions Index (ICSa) are elaborated. Results: The ISCe differs significantly by type of location (0.001); by indigenous origin (0.001); by agricultural area (0.04), from lowest to highest level in north <south <center. Conclusions: The socioeconomic and health conditions of the population that resides in rural localities are lower than, those of the control group (urban); the children population of indigenous origin presents conditions of greater vulnerability; of the rural group, the population that resides in the northern and central region has lower socioeconomic conditions. It is recommended to continue the study and implement social intervention programs that address such differences.

Objective: the research aims to analyze the discourses of digital media of Cordoba about Food Security and Food Sovereignty issues. Methodology: under the approach of Discourse Critical Analysis, a corpus of 935 news published in the period 2012-2015 by four local media is analyzed —two media show a dominant position in the local press market, while the other two stand out as alternative means linked to movements and social organizations—. Results: political and ideological-discursive positions of the selected media and their information dynamics within the period addressed are critically studied. Limitations: this approach does not include perspectives coming from the audience of the information products analyzed, which at the micro-political level could complement the analysis developed around the social impact of the local media agenda on Food Security and Sovereignty. Conclusions: both the hegemonic and alternative mass media studied manifest a partial reading of the aforementioned themes. Inside the framework of the media coverage addressed, to the novelty and the repercussion of the problem is added a plot of ideological-editorial interests underlying the informative perspective of each medium, an aspect on which it is intended to provide some analytical elements.

Objective: To describe the perceptions of health and food related to climate change in the villages of Yalumá and Quistaj located at the Meseta Comiteca, Chiapas. Methodology: Two participatory workshops between 12 and 13 individuals were held in each locality, to know the local perception about health and changes in diet. Health in a broad sense of quality of life and not only the presence of diseases, as well as the problems, solutions and alternatives of community work. Results: It is recognized that community resources, health and food have been affected by climate change. Diabetes and obesity were identified as the main diseases, resulting from feed transformations among generations of grandparents, parents and grandchildren. The traditional feeding practices greens are not consumed at present because they are not in the taste of the youth, greens are not cultivated or are not recognized as food and the food process. Limitations: We do not have information about diagnosis of disease, food security survey, contamination level of water and climate change. Conclusions: The health and food perceptions are of deterioration over time and exacerbation of droughts due to climate change and difficulties of access and water contamination for crop and human consumption. We proposed the community participation in search for alternatives to health and food security.

Objective: To characterize poultry farms and self-sufficiency of corn and soybeans, in Tungurahua-Ecuador. Methodology: Interviews were carried out with 90 selected poultry farmers through non-probabilistic sampling, production and export statistics reported by the Association of Balanced Manufacturers (AFABA) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Aquaculture and Fisheries (MAGAP) were used, and Average Rates of Cumulative Variation and self-sufficiency and food dependence were calculated. Results: In Tungurahua, 78% of poultry farmers are engaged in raising poultry and 62% have semi-automated facilities. The 100% of corn and soybean used by the poultry of Tungurahua, comes from other provinces and international imports. Between 2007 and 2016, maize recorded an annual average self-sufficiency rate of 0.9, while soybean yielded 0.08. Limitations: Statistical information on domestic production and imports of grains was scattered. Conclusions: the results indicate the presence of different types of poultry production systems. These, depending on the level of technology, range from crafts to automation. Likewise, the national production reaches to cover with difficulty the national demand of the poultry sector, not the national soy that covers a minimum part. Based on these results it is suggested to maintain the policy of import substitution of yellow maize and to expand soybeans

Objective: To find differences and similarities in the evolution of the service of Public Transport of Hermosillo and Leon and its results, as well as to determine the approximation to the good governance of each system. Methodology: Is a comparative study of two relatively similar systems with one difference, the guiding level of service, guided by the adaptation of Hendriks' Good Urban Governance model. Results: Show that the León system obtained a wider range of indicators and support the thesis on organizational capacities (responsiveness and effectiveness) and compensatory powers (resilience) as key factors for good urban governance. Limitations: The study does not analyze the dimensions of Procedural Justice and Counterbalance. Conclusion: Urban governance is sensitive to changes in the institutional structure and that arrangements between public and private actors are not always good urban governance arrangements, so the choice of public policy is not a sufficient explanation for the development trajectory of this service.

Objective: To identify and analyze diverse experiences of alternative agriculture in the Buenos Aires province, Argentina, which take place in the context of the agribusiness. Methodology: the cases were systematized in a data base of experiences from interviews, newspapers and public reports. Moreover, for certain contextual elements we also examined local legislation and public statistics. In addition, much of this information was transcript to a map to show clearly the scope of this process. Results: the research shows the existence of many and diverse experiences of alternative agriculture. Limitations: the widely of the universe of study impeded to analyze in deep the internal structure of some cases and to delve into the relationship between legislation and certain alternative agricultures. Conclusions: the widespread of experiences of alternative agriculture is linked to a growing and complex process of public and private problematization of the food question, in which the dispute against agribusiness is central. Besides its insertion in wide social fabrics reveals new ways of connection between rural and urban life, that is exemplified in the diversification of the trade channels.

Objective: to analyze if the conservation policy established in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve has been able to affect the reduction of the social marginalization index of people during the period 2000 to 2010. Methodology: An analysis of the economic investment implemented in the communities inside and outside the polygon in the same municipality was performed. A non-parametric test of means was done to check if there was change in the marginalization during the period of study and, in addition, a personal interview with the ejidal commissariat of Ajuchitlan was carried out. Results: The marginalization index obtained during the period 2000 to 2010 did not decrease with the resources of the programs applied. Limitation: for the number of communities and access to localities, only one community was analyzed. Conclusions: the investment in federal programs until 2014 and with the income obtained from the sale of natural resources there is no significant change in the index of marginalization, so that the application of federal resources through programs and the commodification of nature does not have social impact on the communities under study.