Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Jurisprudencia ambiental en Extremadura (Segundo semestre 2022)

The global environment is not in a better shape than 50 years ago (climate change, loss of biodiversity, pollution, waste of natural resources, poverty). As main reasons for the limited result of the legal efforts to appropriately preserve and protect the environment, the contribution identifies poor drafting of environmental agreements, the absence of effective implementation mechanisms and their full application, and the attemps to keep information on non-compliance with commitments within the closed club of contracting parties. The article suggests a number of possibilities to improve the present situation and concludes that the full and effective application of (international) environmental law is the biggest problem which environmental lawyers face.

This study analyses the evolution of international environmental law from the Stockholm Conference of 1972 to the present, as well as the particular role that the participation of civil society plays in this process. The dynamism, normative productivity and innovative spirit that characterized international environmental law in its constitutive period has lost strength in the present century, showing signs of a certain normative exhaustion, institutional fatigue and confusion regarding its original goals, which places it somewhere among the evolution and regression. In this context, the principle of participation of civil society in international environmental action remains one of the characteristic elements of the system, showing progress in the recognition and internationalization of " rights of access ", and reinforced by the confluence with the new requirements of environmental human rights. However, this reinforcement contrasts with a certain drift in practice towards a more formalized or “political” configuration of the presence of civil society in international forums. The confinement of NGOs in the “green zones” at major world conferences or their exclusion from the negotiations of some environmental conventions are disturbing signs of a certain regression.

This text, by resorting to the parable of a Martian who meets with the Secretary General of the United Nations, offers a reflection on international action in the field of the environment. First, it sees a double failure of global environmental governance. Next, it makes a diagnosis about the reasons for both failures. Finally, it raises reflections about how to remedy the situation. In short, it presents the proven impossibility, to date, of adopting courageous, ambitious and effective decisions to protect the planet, thus concluding the need for a profound revision of international law, which has traditionally been based on the theory of self-limitation and that it should revolve around the notion of global public interest.

On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Stockholm Conference, there are many commentaries that give an idyllic version of the event, generating confusion as to the results of the Rio Summit twenty years later. It is necessary to present a historical and legal analysis of the reality of Stockholm as it was at the time. Consequently, the question is: Are there "principles" in Stockholm?

This monographic issue of the Catalan Journal of Environmental Law (RCDA) has its origin in the seminar held at the Faculty of Law of the University of Barcelona (UB) on 21 and 22 June 2022, commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (UNCED) held in Stockholm between 5 and 16 June 1972.

Jurisprudencia ambiental del Tribunal Supremo (Segundo semestre 2022)

Jurisprudencia penal ambiental (Segundo semestre 2022)

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a public health problem which requires follow-up over time that allows the implementation of appropriate health plans.  Objective: Establish the behavior of the dynamics of periodontal disease through probabilistic random walking by simulating the values of periodontal disease prevalence in Colombia. Methods: The values available and reported by the National Oral Health Study II to IV on periodontal disease prevalence were taken, and from these, three simulations of this behavior were carried out to make predictions of the prevalence values for the years 1998 and 2014 through probabilistic random walking. Additionally, three predictive simulations were performed for the dynamics of prevalence until 2030 to establish the theoretical behavior that this variable can follow.Results: The three theoretical simulations allowed to make predictions of the prevalence rate for the years 1998 and 2014 with a percentage of success close to 100 %. Additionally, it was observed that the most likely event is that there will be an increase in the prevalence rate by 2030 compared to the value obtained by 2014.Conclusions: It is possible to make predictions of the periodontal disease’s dynamics behavior that allow evaluating health action plans aimed at reducing the prevalence of periodontal diseases.

Introduction: The measles-mumps-rubella vaccine is administered in Cuba with 99% vaccination coverage. Currently, the low immunogenicity of the strain of mumps with which it is manufactured is raised, so it is important to ensure the effectiveness of vaccines and their protective immune response.Objectives: Evaluate the behavior of the anti-rubella, anti-mumps and antimeasles antibody indices according to age, and to analyze the variation of the anti-mumps antibody response with respect to previous studies.Materials and methods: Serum and cerebro-spinal fluid samples from 42 pediatric patients with neuro-inflammatory processes were studied and total IgG and albumin and specific antibodies against the three viruses were quantified from immunoenzymatic assays ELISA type. Corresponding reibergrams and specific antibody indices were performed.Results: A sustained increase in antibodies against the ethree immunogens was observed in general, without significant differences due to age or notable postvaccination changes. There was a decrease in the antibody index as it moved away from the date of revaccination, so surveillance should be maintained in these age groups. The rate of production of anti-mumps antibodies was higher than against the other viruses, although not significantly. Conclusions: This vaccine guarantees protection by the uniformity of the memory induced immune response in all age groups. An increase in the protection of the studied population against mumps was demonstrated with respect to previous studies.