Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The agriculture activity is an important industry in the world due to income generated. About 25% of total expenditure by tourists are in food, that suppose the agriculture is a sector that are on the base of tourism sector. At the same time, the agriculture is a tourism resource, that increase their added value in tourism system, especially on rural areas. This study, is based on robust theory debate about agricultural landscapes and the agriculture activity as a tourism resource, evaluate in the rural tourism, agritourism and agroecotourism contexts. The main conclusion is that exist an important potential, that are growing to support the demand while the agriculture reborn in certain tourist modalities, at same time facing the conceptual disparity dominant in literature.

The emergence of tall buildings zones is perhaps the most significant territorial change of the recent urban dynamic with a clear predominance of tertiary and residential land uses of high economic cost that have contributed to revalorize urban land. The aim of this work is to analyze the process of urban verticalization in Mexico City between 1940-1980 as the most important process restructuring urban space; it is argued that this process has been widely favoured by two main factors: first, the urban economy tertiarization that arrived with the neoliberal model with a wide participation of foreign capital; and second, the local urban policy that among other things has elaborated land use norms that stimulates inversion and land speculation in central zones of high cost; giving rise to a urban space elitization that aggravates a socioeconomic and territorial structure historically unequal.

The regulatory frameworks on the granting of subsidies to housing demand and on the operation of mortgage markets in Colombia have generated an institutional environment conducive to the configuration of housing financialization dynamics. In this sense, this article develops an analysis of the main normative and legal transformations linked both to the expansion and adjustment of the demand subsidy model to the policy guidelines emanating from international organizations, and to the opening of the housing sector to the logics of capital markets through portfolio securitization and the configuration of real estate capital funds. It is argued that this framework of action is aimed at expanding the frontiers of the economy of indebtedness, thus allowing large national and international corporations to increase their profit margins. It is concluded that with the consent of the State, the investment funds that participate in the country's capital market, among which the Pension and Severance Fund Administrators (AFP) stand out, have found in the housing market, particularly in the social interest housing market, a space of opportunities to valorize their investments.    

In the last decades, the extra-legal mercantile production of housing has increased in Santiago, especially in working-class neighbourhoods on the historic periphery of the city; many of them, the result of struggles for the right to housing. To understand this phenomenon, between 2018 and 2020, two groups of working-class housing were studied, in Santiago de Chile, where its inhabitants subdivide rooms or build houses of light materials in their backyards. Its objective is to (sub)lease to informal workers, immigrants, and insolvent, who cannot access a formal commercial production of housing, due to the requirements of bankarization. Through a qualitative analysis, with a flexible research design and a contextual interpretation of the results, the extra-legality of these constructions, the value agents involved, and their value-creating practices were characterized in their two magnitudes, use and change. The result was the recognition of three types of extra-legal housing production and of agents that build for use and exchange, within the framework of urban regulation and contractual relationships that make it possible to ignore norms and set monopoly prices of penury.

One of the main stock exchange instruments generated during the financialization process are Real Estate Investment Trusts, which have allowed the reproduction of large real estate projects. Taking FIBRA Danhos in Mexico City as a case study, it is discussed to what extent urban planning affects the expansion of this trust and analyzes the elements that explain the location logic. From the so-called regulatory and exclusive urban planning and flexible planning, a contradictory process is established that pits the public against the private, and within the same interests of the private sectors to allow or prevent the development of a real estate investment. Based on a review of urban planning instruments and the location of FIBRA Danhos investments, it is concluded that financialization is reaching the core of urban regulations, that is, new mechanisms are being generated that not only regulate heights or intensities of land but are formed as instruments that turn the city into a “financial asset” that is immediately located in the circuits of global financial speculation.

Introduction: One of the most relevant complications of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the treatment of fractures is a dislocation rate of 10%, which is 5 times higher than that of THA for osteoarthritis. Our objective was to determine the dislocation rate in patients treated with THA due to femoral neck fracture and to evaluate the cause of dislocation. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on 110 THAs in patients with femoral neck fractures (the average age was 69 years, and 71% were women). The type of fixation of the prosthesis, the size of the head, the offset, and the surgical approach were evaluated. The angle of acetabular inclination and anteversion and the comorbidities were measured. Results: 72% of surgeries were performed through the posterolateral approach. The anterolateral approach is associated with a 7° more vertical cup (p=0.001). 65.4% of the heads were 32 mm. 15% of the small heads (22 and 28mm) (3/20) and only 1% of the large heads (1/90) dislocated (p=0.0027). No 36-mm heads were dislocated. Depression, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease were the most frequent neurological comorbidities. Conclusions: Small-diameter heads, in combination with poor positioning of the prosthesis and neurocognitive diseases, are associated with greater instability. Using prosthetic heads with a diameter of 36 mm and a correct orientation of the components is sufficient to ensure stability.  

Objectives: To report the clinical and functional outcomes of patients affected with post-polio syndrome treated with total knee arthroplasty, evaluating whether the choice of the prosthesis is conditioned by the quadriceps functional deficit. Materials and Methods: patients with post-polio syndrome were evaluated in their muscle deficit condition and with functional tests such as the 10-meter walk test, 2-minute walk test and timed up and go test, as well as Knee Society Score preoperatively and 1 year after knee arthroplasty. Results: All patients significantly improved functional values that directly impacted their quality of life. The Knee Society Score did not present significant differences between the most severe cases with quadriceps deficit with recurvatum and those with less involvement, but the functional tests did show a significant difference between these subgroups. Conclusions: Total knee arthroplasty is a valid treatment alternative in this complex pathology, providing the patient with pain relief, recovery of function and improving their quality of life. The restoration of stability through constrained prosthetic designs is a key factor in the recovery of a functional gait pattern in patients with recurvatum. Patients with quadriceps strength who overcome the resistance of gravity have functional outcomes comparable to those of patients without post-polio syndrome and do not require hinged prostheses.

Hip and knee arthroplasties are well-known effective strategies for joint osteoarthritis. Joint replacement reliably improves quality of life for most patients when non-operative measures have failed. However, these are major surgeries that carry significant risks, including the need for revision surgery. The purpose of this article is to discuss preoperative modifiable risks parameters of the patient prior to joint replacement to decrease complication risks. Recent studies have described several modifiable factors thatincrease the risk of postoperative complications following hip and knee replacement. These include obesity, malnutrition, tobacco use, diabetes, anaemia, vitamin D deficiency, opioid use, inflammatory arthropathy, kidney chronic insufficiency and meticilinresistant staphylococci colonization. If we achieve preoperative optimization of these conditions, we should minimize the risk ofadverse outcomes.

There is abundant literature on the clinical and radiographic results of a complex primary total hip arthroplasty after osteosynthesis conversion. Most of these reports refer to conversion from an intramedullary nail or femoral plate and screws (due to a previousfracture or osteotomy) to THA with a distal fixation stem. That said, the objective of this report is to make a technical note on performing a complex primary THA without removal or with partial removal of a previous screw plate using primary implants.