Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: The cardiovascular system is exposed to great risks during sports practice. The screening of the athlete allows the intentional search for risk factors. The measuring of the efficiency index can be done with myocardial stress tests and is used to assess the vulnerabilities and cardiovascular risk of the individual.Objectives: To determine the myocardial efficiency index through ergometry in Cuban high performance athletes and to establish the cardiovascular risk of each one based on this parameter.Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out between October 2017 and March 2020. The sample was intentionally selective and consisted of 49 athletes of the national athletics team, aged between 17 and 32 years. Results: Functional capacity was evaluated as excellent and very good in 24 athletes, for 49%. The average myocardial oxygen consumption had significant differences between male and female genders. The average myocardial efficiency index was higher in women (p=0.003); it was in normal values in 42 of the studied individuals, while in 7 it was elevated (p=0.0001).Conclusions: The myocardial efficiency index proved to be a valuable parameter within cardiovascular capacity and was shown to be a very useful indicator for predicting cardiovascular risk.

Introduction: Social integration is a dynamic process that improves the subject’s inclusion at exclusion risk, requiring specialized strategies, such as physical activity programs.Objective: to assess the physical activity effects on the social integration of the retired older adult from Espoch.Methods: 34 former retired public servants from the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (Espoch), with a self-perceived moderate level of depression/anxiety, were studied, subjecting them to an intervention process with physical-recreational activities that included 7 units with 90-min sessions. The older adults were evaluated with the Self-Applied Scale of Social Adaptation-SASS at two moments of the intervention process.Results: The pretest determined an average of 2.24 points (≈2: patent social maladjustment), increasing the score as part of the posttest to 2.76 (≈3: Normality), with significant differences in posttest favor (p=0.000).Conclusions: an increase in social adaptation is demonstrated based on a balance level of integration with the known environment (university), achieved with the implementation of the intervention proposal. In this sense, specialized physical-recreational programs can be effective complements to promote the integration of a specific social group, as is the case of older adults retired from a higher education center.

Introduction: Melanoma is a rare skin tumor, but with high mortality; molecular studies and targeted therapies currently modify the main response indicators of metastatic disease.Objective: To characterize patients diagnosed with metastatic malignant cutaneous melanoma with BRAF gene mutation, toxicity and response to treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (vemurafenib and cobimetinib), in second line. Methods: A longitudinal and observational study of 13 patients was carried out, treated at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology and at the "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Hospital, from January 2017 to December 2019. Summary measures of descriptive statistics were used and survival estimates by the KaplanMeier method.Results: 92.3% of the patients had white skin and the mean age at diagnosis was 45 years. All patients had extended surgery of the primary lesion, and first-line adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 9), radiotherapy (n = 8) and interferon α2r (n = 6). Visceral metastases were identified in more than 50% (69.2% in the lung), all with good general condition. The nodular subtype and location in the lower limbs predominated. The main toxicities were dermatological (photosensitivity and grade II rash). Median overall survival was 15.7 months (95% CI = 3.99 - 27.47).Conclusions: Most melanoma patients are young and fair-skinned, and the combination of vemurafenib/cobimetinib is safe and also shows a benefit in the clinical response of previously treated patients.

Introduction: The degree of microleakage in glass ionomer and nanoparticulated composite resin in non-carious cervical lesions is of great importance for choosing the most suitable restorative material for each clinical case. Objective: To describe the degree of microleakage in glass ionomer and nanoparticulated composite resin in non-carious cervical lesions. Methods: A literature review, corresponding to the exploratory level, was carried out to answer five scientific questions on the subject. Sixty-two articles were identified from Academic Google or Scopus databases between 2015 and 2022. Results: The studies consulted suggest that nanoparticulated composite resin is an effective and esthetic restorative option in dentistry, especially in cases of cavities with high mechanical load and dental esthetics. The case studies reviewed demonstrate that the degree of microleakage in non-carious cervical lesions can be significantly higher in glass ionomer restorations compared to nanoparticulated composite resins. Conclusions: It is concluded that the fundamental element in treatment is to carry out a correct diagnosis, determining the needs to improve dental health and to carry out correct planning, so it is necessary to know the different types of treatments with the aim of selecting the most suitable one, which complies with the biological, mechanical and esthetic characteristics, since one of the fundamental objectives of any treatment is to restore function and esthetics in a satisfactory way and with the greatest possible durability.

Introduction: Visual processing in dyslexia may compromise reading development, this relationship is not adequately argued and inconsistencies in its interpretation still persist.Objective: To characterize visual movement detection and discrimination profiles in dyslexics from a psychophysical and behavioral point of view.Methods: The sample was defined as two groups of dyslexics and non-dyslexics. Assessment of motion detection and discrimination was carried out to characterize the visual perception of dyslexics.Results: A profile of deficit in visual motion detection and discrimination and its components was found, which was characterized by a higher number of errors than successes during the detection and discrimination of orientation, speed and direction for very low spatial frequencies. Success in the task depended on the horizontality and orthogonal components of the movement. Psychophysical profiles were determined in which difficulties in orientation discrimination may include a deficit in shape detection and difficulties in speed discrimination include a deficit in visual sensitivity to motion detection. Both profiles were statistically inconsistent with difficulties in motion direction discrimination.Conclusions: Movement detection and discrimination in dyslexics presents a profile that has no statistical implication or coherence with difficulties in movement direction discrimination. The difficulties found in dyslexics indicate not only a phonological deficit but also a deficit in the visual processing of movement.

Introduction: In Cuba, a new chromogenic and fluorogenic culture medium was developed for the detection, isolation and differentiation of Salmonella from other Gram negative bacteria. The method and medium were validated and their use was adopted as a Cuban standard. Quality assurance and control of media is essential and mandatory to ensure the reliability of the results of the analysis in which they are used. ISO 11133 establishes minimum criteria and methods to evaluate them. Objective: To evaluate the quality and performance criteria of CromoCen® SALM, as recommended in ISO 11133:2014/Amd.1:2018 to demonstrate its reliability for the microbiological analysis of food for human consumption. Methods: The physical-chemical quality indicators of three batches were evaluated and a group of them was defined to characterize its quality before and after finishing, as well to evaluate the consistency between batches. For the performance test, 12 strains of different genera were selected. The productivity ratio, the selectivity factor and the electivity of CromoCen® SALM were determined. Results: The physico-chemical evaluation showed a consistency between batches in color, homogeneity, appearance of the powder and of the prepared medium. The moisture content and pH values ranged within the established values for this product. The productivity ratio of CromoCen® SALM with respect to tryptone soy agar was greater than 50%, while the selectivity factor was 4. It was shown that in the culture medium a representative group of Salmonella microbial genera can be differentiated. Conclusions: CromoCen® SALM meets the quality requirements established for this type of products, according to the current ISO 11133 standard. The correct formulation of the batches, as well as the fulfillment of the quality requirements ensure the proper functionality and match the design purpose.

Introduction: During the last decades the electroencephalogram signal has been studied from a nonlinear mathematical perspective. This allows understanding brain electrical activity as a complex dynamical system.Objective: To evaluate Hurst exponents and their correlations in the gamma wave during an alternating attention and interference inhibition task in university students.Methods: The sample consisted of 14 physical education students. The Emotiv Epoc® brain-interface device was used to evaluate brain electrical activity. Alternating attention was estimated with the symbols and digits test, while the Stroop words and colors test was used for interference inhibition.Results: In the alternating attention test, four individuals revealed a greater propensity to chaos in the right hemisphere, one showed a greater tendency in the left hemisphere and two had no defined predisposition. On the other hand, during interference inhibition, variations of Hurst average values between the three Stroop effect slices were determined in five subjects, especially in the temporal region. Hurst exponents in both tests were found to be less than 0.5.Conclusions: During the attention test, a greater chaos of brain electrical activity is observed, with no correlations between the regions studied. During the inhibition test, the modifications of the Hurst exponents do not present defined patterns towards order or chaos.

Introducción: El uso de formulación subcutánea de trastuzumab, permite agilizar los procesos en la práctica clínica en el escenario adyuvante, sin que afecte la eficacia y seguridad en pacientes con cáncer de mama HER2 positivo.Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de trastuzumab subcutáneo en pacientes con cáncer de mama HER2 positivo en adyuvancia.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo, longitudinal que incluyó a 132 pacientes con cáncer de mama HER2 positivo en tratamiento adyuvante con trastuzumab subcutáneo más quimioterapia, en el servicio de Oncología Clínica del Hospital Ameijeiras, desde 2015 a 2018. Se evaluó supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad por método Kaplan-Meier, y la comparación de las curvas se realizó por prueba de Log-Rank y Breslow. Se identificaron las toxicidades durante el tratamiento.Resultados: Predominaron pacientes mayores de 50 años, tumores T2, enfermedad no luminal, y uso secuencial de antraciclinas y taxanos. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares, estado ganglionar positivo, y etapa clínica IIIb y IIIc se asociaron a una menor supervivencia global (p<0,05). En 25 pacientes se administró trastuzumab neoadyuvante y aquellos que alcanzaron respuesta patológica completa tuvieron supervivencia global a tres años de 100%. La mayoría de las toxicidades relacionadas con la administración de trastuzumab fueron ligeras a moderadas. La cardiotoxicidad fue poco frecuente.Conclusiones: El tratamiento adyuvante con trastuzumab subcutáneo más quimioterapia obtiene tasas óptimas de supervivencia y perfil de seguridad aceptable en pacientes con cáncer de mama temprano HER2 positivas.

Introduction: Nowadays, there are health and lifestyle problems related to overweight. These conditions have repercussions on the poor quality of sleep and rest, thus affecting people's performance.Objective: To determine the influence of body mass index on the chronotype of teachers of the Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca.Methods: The research was based on the quantitative paradigm. Seventy-seven teachers participated. The Horne-Osberg questionnaire was used to determine the chronotype. Measurements of weight, height, fat percentage, waist circumference and hip circumference were taken.Results: The population evaluated was characterized by an intermediate chronotype as early riser and tendency to overweight.Conclusion: The incidence of the intermediate chronotype as an early riser indicates that work activity generates changes in the sleep-wakefulness relationship. The relationship between body mass index and chronotype was not visible, but epidemiological control and surveillance actions should continue.

Introduction: Manufacturers of medical devices do not always have the expertise to perform a risk management process that complies with ISO 14971:2019 and includes the necessary metrological requirements; therefore, for better use of these devices, especially diagnostic devices, a risk management process based on established regulations should be implemented and maintained.Objective: To provide guidance for the management of indirect risks in patients with incorrect or delayed diagnoses. Methods: Applicable international standards were reviewed and risk management dossiers for medical devices, including in-vitro diagnostic reagents, were analyzed.Results: The guidance provides guiding elements for each step of the risk management process for diagnostic medical devices: risk management plan, risk analysis, risk assessment, risk evaluation and control, overall residual risk assessment, risk management review, and feedback from production or post-production information.Conclusions: This guide is a useful tool for designers, manufacturers, evaluators of diagnostic medical devices, risk management and device quality assessors, and medical personnel.