Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Since 1940, the conurbation of Lima Metropolitana and Callao began its metamorphosis due to the intensification of migratory processes, which increased the gap in access to housing. Since then, the self-production of city and housing has consolidated as the most common mode of production of urban space. Despite this phenomenon, urban planning efforts, both State and private, have concentrated only on consolidated urban areas, which has led to unequal development. From the perspective of Critical Urban Theory, through a mixed-methods approach, we analyze the production of urban space in Lima and Callao from three approaches: first, questioning the theorization of urban space in Peru; second, the theory-practice relationship of urban planning is questioned; and, third, the current socio-spatial transformations are explored. We show that the epistemological bases of the self-production of urban space, labeled as urban informality, lead to the establishment of ineffective public policies that benefit certain power groups, denying its dynamic condition and its multicausality; at the same time, we insist on the perpetuation of the formal and informal dialectic, when in practice this distinction is unreal.

This study investigates the technologies developed by young people belonging to different educational establishments in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. The objective is focused on the understanding of typologies of technologies of the self that young people develop, both at school and out of school. Qualitative methods are used, including the topological interview for the production of data, subsequently codified and analyzed employing grounded theory. Finally, a model of topos and landscapes is applied for the analysis of the production of technologies of the self. Through purposive sampling, we worked with a universe of 14 young people from different educational environments, maximizing differences between environments and subjects. The results allow the understanding of the subjects' daily spatial experiences, as well as to distinguish the technologies of altruism as the main technologies of the self. Thus, the configuration of solidarity and collaboration, social relations and differences between hierarchies and horizontality, and the technologies of individualism and mutilation are observed. In conclusion, important micro-geographical differences based on topos availability are evidenced, propitiating a foundational injustice based on the absence of opportunities for students from monotopic establishments to encounter other types of social relationship arrangements.

Abstract Research results are presented looking to contribute to a greater understanding of gender relations, within marriage, among the Aymara people of the northern highlands of Chile, through the unveiling of practices of marital violence in these communities and reported into the different local Courts that operated in the Andean sectors, during the period of implementation and functioning of the Chilean territorial administration system. Methodologically, ethnohistorical material and judicial documentation have been used to learn about marital conflicts through cases handled by District Judges, in their role as mediators and adjudicators. Also, ethnographic information obtained during field work carried out in this studied area has been incorporated. We believe that addressing specifically the physical violence of men against their wives can provide interesting elements to understand the power relations on the couples in Aymara society and culture, since domestic violence is related to the role of women on the marriage and with the conception of masculine and feminine.

El presente trabajo pretende indagar las dinámicas de crecimiento y transformación resultantes de la aplicación de políticas de corte neoliberal en la ciudad de Bogotá, valorando los cambios morfológicos producidos en las últimas décadas. Haciendo especial énfasis en los desarrollos residenciales de vivienda formal y en la reproducción de proyectos de renovación urbana y de infraestructuras de comercio insertas en los circuitos globales del régimen de acumulación flexible como los centros comerciales. El resultado final es el incremento de la fragmentación y privatización del espacio urbano tanto desde una perspectiva física como socioeconómica.

The allometric effect observed between the offered functions and the identified population, particularly in Norte Chico and Patagonia, are two problems detected in relation to the commuting phenomenon in Chile in conjunction with the constant disequilibrium between the nodal centres of these areas with respect to the surrounding environment. The first ones have a tendency to concentrate population and have not always contributed in dynamizing its surrounding. This has been perpetuated by a lack of harmony between labour supply and labour demand. This has originated a variety of commuting types that limit local/regional development. In this context, the purpose of the current work is to detect the changes in the Chilean labour structures with particular emphasis on commuting. The results revealed that there exist differences between the commuters’ profiles and their types of communication. While an interrelation pointing towards the rest of country was observed in the north part of the country, a more interregional interrelation was observed in an area named Chilean Patagonia. On the other hand, changes in labour demands with different impacts have been identified. Among these impacts, indirect ones stand out towards the area that motivates them as well as the indirect impacts that will be generated indirectly and that affect the rest of the system.  

During the established period, the region and later city of Limón became a diverse socio-cultural area due to the heterogeneous migration that populated their lands. It caused that the celebration of the independence of Costa Rica, in its «Limonense» variant, was different from the one celebrated in the main cities of the Central Valley. The written press releases that are presented below give a sample of how this national holiday was celebrated by the city of Limón and of the rejection speeches —from the Central Valley— towards Limón, its inhabitants and how they celebrated the festival.

Altos Hornos de Vizcaya" was, in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, the biggest iron and steel works and one of the main Spanish firms. The data supplied by its accounting and the deliberations of the Board of Managers are therefore very significant for the iron and steel, sector and for a large part of the industrial sector as well. Thanks to investments, tariff protection and a set of national and international agreements with other firms of the sector in order to restrict competition, “Altos Hornas de Vizcaya” was able to distribute, from 1902 to 1917, an average dividend near to 14 per cent, although the Board of Mangers benefited more than the mass of shareholders. Taking the evolution of the average day by wage as general indicator of the whole, the workers' incomes grew smoothly from 1902 to 1915, and increased sharply afterwards, especially since 1919. 1n 1927, the average wage trebled that of 1902, though the real wage was hardly had increased. And in the same way as not all the shareholders got the same benefits, the modest improvements in real wage were not evenly distributed among the different professional categories.

This article studies role of Marseilles in the international economy of lead from the middle of the sixteenth century until1870. The secular bases of this activity were the purchase of foreign raw lead-English until the Revolution, Spanish there after-, and its redistribution to French and Mediterranean markets, often after its transformation in local factories. Particular attention is paid to the nineteenth century, when this activity experienced two successive phases of growth: -a recovery of the business from 1820, thanks to a Spanish emigrant, Luis Figueroa;- a boom in the middle of the century, when about ten plants appeared devoted to the removal of silver or to obtaining finished products. Then Marseilles commanded a good share of the international lead business, before being displaced by the growth of the demand centered around the Atlantic.

El paper que va tenir la indústria espanyola en els mercats internacionals durant la primera globalització ha generat un debat intens en la literatura. Part de la literatura considera que, a pesar d’una dèbil demanda nacional, la indústria va optar per reservar-se el mercat interior en lloc de competir a l’exterior. En aquest article ens qüestionem aquesta hipòtesi a partir d’una anàlisi desagregada i als marges de les exportacions espanyoles a 1890 i 1913. Les empreses manufactureres van ser molt dinàmiques a l’hora de descobrir nous destins on poguessin exportar nous productes. No obstant això, aquests destins tenien una demanda potencial massa baixa per fomentar el desenvolupament industrial. Per tant, una part de l’endarreriment econòmic espanyol està relacionat amb una falta de demanda exterior.

The transition from rural to modern industry is studied in the district of Sabadell-Termssa, the major wool textile urea in Spain in the 19th. Century. In spite of its remarkable diffusion in inner Catalonia, the transformation of the wool industry took place only in very few centres (Igualada, Terrassa and Sabadell), which specialized in the production of medium and high quality woollen cloths. The key of the transition was, after a process of confrontation promoted by some clothiers “paraires", the breakdown of the traditional productive system, based on the guild organization, and the increasing subordination of labour to capital. The emergence of the modern firm, as a centre of articulation of new relations of production, was the most conspimons feature of this transformation.