Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Although Discrete Event Simulation (DES) has been the preferred simulation technique in construction operation studies, it suffers from limitations, such as narrowed focus at the operational level. To minimize the effect of DES limitations, researchers have proposed the integration of DES with other simulation techniques, such as agent-based modeling (ABM), system dynamics (SD), and virtual environments (VE). However, limited studies have discussed whether this integration process minimizes DES’ limitations and to what extent. This study summarizes 99 journal manuscripts in the existing literature published between 2010-2020, focusing on integrating DES with ABM, SD, and VE. This study found that the integration of DES with ABM, SD, and VE addressed multiple of DES’ limitations, namely, the lack of human behaviors in process-oriented modeling, the limited strategic perspective, and challenges related to the verification and validation of DES models’ outputs. Ultimately, this study calls for future studies to evaluate the simultaneous integration of DES, ABM, and SD modeling techniques so the complexity of construction projects can be truly accounted for, as comprehensive simulation tools will require the integration of multiple methods to counterbalance their limitations.  

Brazilian standards for design of cold-formed steel (ABNT NBR 14762:2010, 2010) and design of pallet racks (ABNT NBR 15524-2:2007, 2007) have different procedures to determine the strength of columns under axial compression, using different buckling curves. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of using cold-formed Brazilian standard buckling design curve instead of the formulations of the pallet-rack design standard to study the use viability of the equations in the calculation procedure for computing the uprights compressive strength. This strength was calculated in four ways: one using the original equations of pallet-rack Brazilian standard, and the other three using adaptations of the buckling curve from the cold-formed steel design standard. A theoretical and numerical procedure based on finite element analysis concerning local, global, and distortional buckling and imperfections was performed. Furthermore, experimental results were also consulted to determine the effective area of studied cross-sections considering the effects of local buckling and the presence of continuous perforations. The results show that the proposed modifications are consistently correlated to the results obtained using the original equations of ABNT NBR 15524, indicating the viability of using the buckling curve of ABNT NBR 14762.

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Este trabajo estudia el proceso de desindustrialización de la Argentina y analiza sus principales consecuencias. El periodo bajo estudio presenta dos fases disímiles. Entre 1976 y 2002, la Argentina exhibió una inusual volatilidad de la actividad y un grave deterioro en las principales variables económicas y sociales. Fueron años signados por la aplicación de una agenda de políticas ortodoxas que incluyeron una veloz apertura externa, una marcada apreciación cambiaria y una extendida desregulación de mercados. En ese marco, la Argentina sufrió una desindustrialización de sorprendente intensidad y extensión. A partir de 2003, bajo un nuevo contexto político y económico, se interrumpió la tendencia contractiva de la industria. Sin embargo, la transformación regresiva observada en la fase precedente dejó una huella pronunciada. Así, la estructura industrial argentina se caracteriza por su concentración, la desarticulación de su trama productiva, y una especialización sectorial volcada hacia la producción de bienes indiferenciados.

This article presents an overview of the study of living standards in Spain from the perspective of anthropometric history and new data from recent research. The aim is to examine changes in nutrition during the industrial age through anthropometric indicators. The paper provides new evidence on the changes in height among different socioeconomic groups and its relation with health and human well-being in different periods and geographical regions. It also explores inequality before and during the process of industrialisation. In addition to tracking the effects of environmental changes on well-being and inequality between the proto-industrial period in the eighteenth century and the industrial leap in the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century, it explores the costs of industrialisation in biological standards of living in the short- and the long-term. Finally, it suggests future directions of research.

This study explores the impact of the mining boom on the biological standards of living and inequality in Rio Tinto, the main copper basin in Spain. It uses the heights of military recruits in the towns of Zalamea la Real and Nerva between 1852 and 1935 (birth cohorts of 1832-1914). The majority of the mining population of Nerva, which had become independent from Zalamea la Real in 1885, was concentrated close to Minas de Riotinto, following the extraordinary influx of immigrants, mostly attracted by the British company RTCL after establishing its operations there in 1873. The anthropometric results reveal that: 1) the height of males decreased slightly among the cohorts of the decades 1850-1870, whose childhood and adolescence coincided with the beginning of the mining boom; 2) the inequality (measured by CVs, percentiles and ratios of short-stature subjects) increased among the cohorts of the 1870s, made up of immigrants, principally in Nerva. During this period, the gap between the height of the native population and the immigrants also increased, as did the gap between the literate and illiterate populations. Finally, 3) the improvement in the biological welfare of the cohorts corresponding to 1880-1890 was undermined in the subsequent decades due to the impact of the mining crisis. In the lead-up to the Great War, the height of the miners in Nerva was no different to that of the rural population of Zalamea in the mid-nineteenth century.

This paper analyses the biological welfare in the context of industrialisation and economic growth in Biscay. It explores the changes in the welfare of young Basques from a sample of six towns, three of them agricultural and the other three industrial. Although the average height had a rising trend in the long term, its evolution was irregular due to the influence of environmental and socioeconomic factors. The decline of height is particularly evident at three stages: firstly, during the pre-industrial boom and once the process had been initiated in the 1880s; secondly, from the end of the First World War until 1925 and, finally, during the years of the Civil War and its aftermath. Moreover, this paper reveals a correlation between health, real wages and height, and it also pays special attention to body mass index (BMI) in order to assess the degree of robustness of the Basque recruits throughout the period under study.