Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper looks at the effects of early industrialisation in Spain on biological living standards. The case study focuses on Alcoy, one of the towns that pioneered Spanish industrialisation in the nineteenth century. Based on anthropometric data for the height of military conscripts between 1860 and 1936 (cohorts born between 1840 and 1915), the study shows that average stature diminished among the generations born in the 1860s and 1870s, coinciding with the early stages of mechanisation in the textiles industry and accelerating urbanisation. However, poor diet among the inhabitants of Alcoy’s rural hinterland was a further contributing factor to this decline in stature. The anthropomorphic evidence suggests that early industrialisation in Alcoy worsened health conditions and the net nutritional status of the town’s working class.

This article analyses the relative level and evolution of the net nutritional status of manufacturing workers and craftsmen born in the last third of the eighteenth century in central Spain. It uses the anthropometric and occupational data included in the records of the general conscription carried out during the Napoleonic invasion. The findings are interpreted in light of the recent contributions regarding the evolution of the economy and industrial output of central Spain during the second half of the eighteenth century. Significant differences can be observed between different professions and economic sectors, largely explained by income levels, the possible selection for some occupations in accordance with physical characteristics, and access to animal proteins. Furthermore, the data also reveals an overall decrease in height and an increase in inequality between professions during the period.

Drawing on anthropometric information, this article investigates the evolution of the biological standard of living in nineteenth-century Catalonia. We focus on the city of Igualada, one of Catalonia’s main textile centres in the early part of the century. The results show a decline in the height of males born between the 1830s and the 1860s, the period in which factory- based industrialisation emerged and became consolidated. The article also suggests that height inequality rose during the third quarter of the nineteenth century. The empirical evidence gathered provides further support for the pessimistic view of the evolution of the standard of living during the early stages of industrialisation.

A way of understanding the organic evolution of the National Association of Universities and Institutions of Higher Education of the Mexican Republic, A.C. (ANUIES) is through the reforms that its Statute has had. The nine reforms have derived from the expansion, diversification and complexity of higher education during these seventy years, as well as procedural needs of an organization; evidently they were also permeated by the socioeconomic and political contexts of the country.

The occupational condition of the graduates of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in 2012 is exposed, in a context of slow economic recovery, despite the educational impulse of the institution. With the methodological tool of the Relative Occupation Index (IOR), the occupation conditions in which graduates enter the labor market are plausible, in three cohorts: years of graduation, educational levels, occupational origins and areas of knowledge. Issues of job insecurity and heterogeneity are discussed, as well as the importance of links between academia and other sectors.

The impact of STEM careers on productivity, industrial activity and economic growth in Mexico is analyzed. The results allow us to maintain that the educational policy at the higher level, implemented during the 2010-2015 period, has not been effective in generating better economic conditions. This is explained by a low rate of graduation in careers related to science, technology, engineering and mathematics, as well as by the presence of a weak industrial sector, with little dynamism, which has failed to translate the effects of higher education into higher growth rates.

In this work an analysis of emotions is performed when starting a first year university course, in context Covid-19. 40 students participated in the study, and the identification of emotions was carried out using the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS, questionnaire. The contribution of this work is to interpret the results at the group level. Using hierarchical clustering, groups are formed and characterized, being labeled as optimistic, realistic, pessimistic, and indifferent. Membership in these groups is validated by discriminant analysis. The identification and characterization of these groups can direct pedagogical actions, and thus constitute a valuable input at key moments of the teaching-learning process.

Since the beginning of the century, the university has promoted among its students the study of foreign languages, especially English, as a mechanism to generate greater professional skills among its graduates. Taking this institutional orientation as a starting point, this article investigates the characteristics of foreign language students and deepens their reasons for admission, as well as the images that are formed with these studies. The findings suggest that the study of languages is associated with the students' field of knowledge, as well as their cultural capitals. The information that supports the research comes from institutional databases and interviews with 25 students at the Universidad de Sonora, Mexico.

The article aims to systematize analysis lines and debate to contribute to the research  agenda on contemporary student movements in Mexico. Although in recent times there have been works and compilations on these experiences, there are currently few research proposals that seek to investigate in depth and systematically the most important expressions of Mexican student activism in the last decade (2010-2020). For this reason, this article examines the progress of studies on the subject, proposes four analytical guidelines to discuss the research agenda, proposes a two-way approach focused on the binomial conflict-education for the investigation of contemporary student movements and exemplifies the same from an approach to protests against violence and recent feminist militancy at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and other institutions in the country. From these orientations, it is intended to highlight the specificity of the study on current student activism to contribute to the discussions on their generational frames, the repertoires of political action, the issue of conflict and violence as gender perspectives.

The main purpose of this work is to analyze the differences between the female researchers and their male peers assigned to the National System of Researchers (SNI). For this, the database of the project "The Reconfiguration of the Academic Profession in Mexico" is used. The main study variables are:  The production of research results valued by the SNI, the hours taught in class, the years that elapsed to obtain the first full-time contract, the schooling with which that contract was obtained as well as the schooling of the parents, among others. The central objective of this investigation is to study whether the differences in these variables can clarify on the current recognition gap between women and men within their level of affiliation within the System.