Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The article aims to provide elements for the analysis of some controversial political and legal aspects related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis begins with some notes on regulatory and management aspects of the health crisis caused by the coronavirus in Brazil in an introductory character and with the aim of situating the discussions focused on three contemporary crises: globalization crisis, regulatory crisis of the State — exception as a rule — and crisis of democracy, based on three dimensions or questions: a) does the pandemic give a new impetus to the globalization process or corroborates for critical analyses that signal the end of globalization, or the erosion of globalization and multilateralism? ; b) on the basis of the dispute between Aganbem and Jean-Luc Nancy, the question arises whether the pandemic constitutes a new element for the normalization of states of emergency? c) Can the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic pose an additional danger to democracies? The answers to the questions are problematized in the conclusion as follows: a) In the midst of the dispute of interpretations the pandemic reinforces and weakens, at the same time, the role of States and leaves some warning signs of attrition in relation to global responses in the midst of health crises, even if justified and even necessary in the pandemic context; b) it may be questionable or hasty to conclude that, in the event of a pandemic requiring emergency containment measures, the intervention by decree of the State of Emergency is a precise indicator that the pandemic consolidates a process of vulgarisation of the State of Emergency, even if the actions are questionable or of dubious effectiveness in the field of human rights and democracy; c) The pandemic alone does not cause, attract or rely on a post-democracy model, but in countries already affected by this political landscape it may be more a risk factor for endangered democracy, because the rulers continue with the processes of democratic erosion and tend to use the pandemic as justification to expand their own powers, violate human rights and discredit multilateral outlets (as is verified in Brazil). The methodology used consists of inductive study with bibliographic immersion and the use of recent references collected preferably in electronic sites. Summary:INTRODUCTION. 1. NOTES ON NORMATIVE AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE HEALTH CRISIS CAUSED BY THE CORONAVIRUS IN BRAZIL. 2. DOES THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC MEAN THE END OF GLOBALISATION AS IT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED UNTIL TODAY? 3. CRISIS OF NORMATIVITY: IS THE PANDEMIC A STEP TOWARDS THE NORMALISATION OF THE STATE OF EMERGENCY? 4. THE PANDEMIC IN THE CONTEXT OF DEMOCRATIC EROSION. CONCLUSION.

This article will analyze the concepts of rule of law and popular sovereignty from a constitutional perspective, and the manifestation of both in the 2019 Constitution of the Republic of Cuba, and the one-party nature of the political system of this country. To achieve this objective, the work has been structured into four sections. The first has been conceived as a general introduction, to expose some specific questions about rule of law and popular sovereignty. Then, are addressed the historical-constitutional evolution and the tensions generated between the one-party character of the Cuban State and the aforementioned principle, due to the fact that the Communist Party of Cuba (CPC) has been privileged from the political point of view, by being recognized as the superior and ruling force of society and the state. In the third section, will be analyzed the current state of this issue, considering the constitutional recognition of Cuba as a socialist state of law, as of the entry into force of the new constitution. Finally, will be made specific proposals in order to solve the problems identified, considering the prevalence of the CPC over those state bodies linked to the principle of popular sovereignty, which in turn can undermine the notion of a constitutionally recognized socialist state of law.The general objective of this work is to place in the scientific debate an issue little studied by Cuban constitutional doctrine, namely, how contribute to the democratic quality of the political system, from analyzing the tensions between Cuban one-party system and popular sovereignty, as an axiological element that supports the political participation of citizens and the control of political power. The conclusions obtained allow us to affirm that the delimitation of the powers and attributions of the CPC is essential, given its condition of superior political force, and the necessary prevalence of the principle of popular sovereignty in a socialist state of law. Summary:1. INTRODUCTION. 2. THE PRINCIPLE OF PEOPLE’S SOVEREIGNTY AND THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CUBA IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL DESIGN (1976-2018). 3. THE NEW CUBAN CONSTITUTION. RULE OF LAW, POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY AND MONOPARTITISM. 4. FINAL REFLECTIONS. HOW TO SOLVE THE CONTRADICTIONS?

France’s double elections in 2022 have altered the political landscape emerging from the double elections of 2017. Emmanuel Macron has been re-elected president of the Republic, but he has not won an absolute majority in the National Assembly, where there are three opposing political blocs of equal weight. The president will have to rely on the opposition to lead the country and the government will probably have to make use of the mechanisms provided by rationalised parliamentarism. This opens up a possible period of institutional dualism in which the prime minister will be subject to the double confidence of the president of the Republic — who has appointed him and can dismiss him — and the National Assembly — which can propose a motion of censure — in order to remain in office. Summary:I. THE SYSTEM OF THE 1958 CONSTITUTION. II. BACKGROUND. III. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. 1. Candidacies and programmes. 2. Election campaign. 3. Issues during the campaign. 4. First round (april 10). 4.1. Results. 4.2. Assessment. 5. Second round (april 24). 5.1. Results. 5.2. Assessment. IV. LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS. 1. Applicable regulation. 2. Strategies and alliances. 3. Election campaign. 4. First round (june 12). 4.1. Results. 4.2. Assessment. 5. Election campaign. 6. Second round (june 19). 6.1. Results. 6.2. Assessment. V. LEGAL AND POLITICAL COMENT. VI. TOWARDS A NEW DUALISM?

Ecology as an empirical, integrative science that  deals with the study of relationships contemplating the diversity and complexity of life, provides the opportunity to work on concepts, notions, models and ways of producing enriching and unavoidable knowledge in the formation of the professional profile of Professors in Biological Sciences. Didactic strategies such as field trips, bring future teachers closer to the study and understanding of notions in Ecology, to the didactic aspects of teaching Natural Sciences and to Environmental Education for the Conservation of Biodiversity.

Biogeography analyzes and interprets distribution patterns of biota, and plays an important role in biodiversity conservation. One of its approaches, historical biogeography, analyzes the distribution of species and supraspecific taxa, at different spatial and temporal scales, and contemplates the identification of areas of endemism (AE). On the other hand, the use of mythological animals has been used to introduce students to different evolutionary concepts. Due to this, the World of Ice and Fire represented in the works of G.R.R Martin offers a set of animals distributed in its continents, which could be used to develop a practical activity that allows identifying AE as the first stage of a biogeographical analysis. The activity begins with distribution data from 34 animals and GIS layers from Westeros, Essos, and Sothoryos. The participant then prepares the data for AE identification and exports all the results to layers. Finally, the proposal was evaluated by university students in a Biology course, who pointed out the relevance of using didactic activities of this type to reinforce concepts on species evolution and biogeography.

Environmental education is regarded as a constituent dimension of compulsory education; however, there is no record of its effective integration into formal education. This article presents the results of an exploratory qualitative research on environmental education projects at primary school level in the province of Buenos Aires. The results show an environmental education based on individual and voluntarist initiatives that, although they propose the approach to situated environmental problems, they do so with unclear formulations and educational purposes, without explicit didactic pedagogical theoretical frameworks and with pre-eminence of some particular curricular area. The work concludes on the need to reinvent an educational policy that facilitates the institutionalization of environmental education.

The book "Adventure in nature!" is an educational resource for children, which addresses regional environmental issues through a tour of protected natural areas of Mendoza, Argentina. A review of its origin, content, attributes and potential uses is presented here. The aim is to publicize the book and encourage the development of educational resources adjusted to other contexts.

Interdisciplinarity implies interaction, communication and consensus among different disciplines, which provides a point of view from the collective construction of knowledge. Knowing the experience of teachers about this teaching approach is relevant for the development of educational proposals. For this purpose, in this study, surveys were carried out with teachers in the area of Natural Sciences of the province of Córdoba; Argentina, in order to know and describe the curricular spaces and the topics they prefer to teach, as well as to identify and analyze the barriers and promising aspects of this interdisciplinary approach. The results indicate that this approach favors student learning, strengthening practices in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The teaching of Biology in High School, as well as Science in Elementary School, is often done in an unattractive way for students. Botany and Plant Anatomy contents are commonly limited to theoretical presentations in the classroom. The objectives of the present work were to investigate the difficulties experienced by Biology teachers in working with the contents of Botany and Plant Anatomy in public schools, to carry out an intervention through preparatory workshops, to produce kits containing permanent microscopic slides, glassware, and reagents, in addition to providing an instructional website. The results obtained show that teachers have difficulties in taking practical classes to the classroom; however, the stimulating and formative factor of the intervention in the preparation of support material and the use of the school laboratory was verified.

Microorganisms effectively contribute to life, which justifies the study of microbiology in Basic Education. Thus, the objective of this research was to identify how microbiology is being approached and what are the challenges faced by teachers in teaching this science. Data collection was carried out with teachers from different regions of Brazil through a questionnaire, which was analyzed statistically and through content analysis. The results show that the most used methodology is the traditional class and that the main challenges are the lack of resources, time, adequate infrastructure and pedagogical support. However, teachers are interested in investing in change. Therefore, it is considered important to invest in continuing training to highlight the possibility of using different teaching strategies and encourage changes in teaching practice.