Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The migration process and adaptation to the host culture present a series of unique challenges for immigrants, which affect their level of psychosocial adjustment. This study seeks to characterise three groups of immigrants. Using an intentional snowball-type sampling, 150 immigrants were surveyed, from Colombia (n = 50), Venezuela (n = 50), and Haiti (n = 50). All were over 18 years and resided in the region of La Araucanía. The participants answered scales of acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, emotions associated with discrimination, acculturation strategies, social support, dispositional optimism, and sociodemographic questions. The data were analysed through descriptive and comparative analyses between groups. Results revealed that the three groups used the integration strategy to a greater extent. However, the acculturation process presented differences according to the country of origin. Thus, Haitian immigrants reported the most unfavourable indicators, while Venezuelans presented the most favourable. These results allow us to understand the migratory process in context, considering particular characteristics of each group, and the conditions of the host culture. Each group presents a differentiated profile that informs how the cultural interactions typical of migration are experienced.

This study aims to understand the development of alliance ruptures and resolutions in an insecure-attached client. A single-case study was implemented in an individual brief focusing-oriented psychotherapy. Rupture Resolution Rating System was applied (3RS; Eubanks, Muran, & Safran, 2015) to therapy sessions transcripts, and illustrative vignettes were extracted to determine therapy issues related to ruptures and resolutions. The results show 16 ruptures markers with a higher prevalence of “complains/concerns about activities of therapy” marker, which was thematically related to difficulties of the client to perform emotional exploration activities offered by the therapist. Likewise, nine resolutions attempts were observed, being the most used strategy “the therapist illustrates a task or provides a rationale for treatment”. Attachment related difficulties on the emotional regulation of the client at ruptures occurrence are discussed, as well as effective resolution attempts by the therapist, which may serve as a guidance for therapeutic work with insecure-attached clients.

This study analysed the implementation stages of the Skills for Life (HPV, in Spanish) program of the National Board of School Aid and Scholarships, Chile. For this purpose, it was used a mixed descriptive exploratory sequential design, through a triangulation of information from the Stage Implementation Framework created by the Active Implementation Research Network. This was based on the information emerging from a bibliometric review of the scientific production of HPV and historical facts of the program obtained from semi-structured interviews with decision-makers. We found 35 scientific articles published between the years 1995 and 2020, and a series of historical milestones between 1991 and 2016, which were analysed and classified into Exploration, Installation, Initial Implementation, Full Implementation or Sustainability phases. Finally, it is identified that the program took three times longer (17 years) than theoretically indicated (four to six years) to reach the sustainability phase, due to a series of contextual factors, such as: difficulties in the transfer of technical knowledge to practice, insufficient and oscillating financing, national coordination with few human resources dedicated to multiple tasks and a displacement of the program in the public agenda.

Stimulus-stimulus contingencies were evaluated in four different locations within a 92 x 92 cm experimental chamber. A 10 second light (such as EC) was presented followed by a delivery of water from a dispenser. After that, the intertrial interval (I) began. A new presentation of the light and the water was given in the next dispenser in a different location and so on until four dispensers were completed. Between phases, the value of I (15, 30, 60 and 120 s) was manipulated; between groups, the effect of descending (Group 1) or ascending (Group 2) sequence on I values was evaluated. The frequency and percentage of time of head entry response was analysed as well as analogue path to give a complementary account of the directionality of behaviour. The analysis showed that the frequency of head entry and the coincidence between this and the water deliveries were greater at higher values of I. Persistent behaviour was present at low values of I. The elevation ratio analysed by subject did not show homogeneous changes. The elevation ratio increased when analysed globally without distinguishing between groups or conditions. The analogue path allowed us to appreciate the occurrence of persistence in the displacement and in the location.

Introduction: The negative discrepancy between an expected and obtained reward generates an aversive response called frustration. The consummatory Successive Negative Contrast (cSNC) consists of exposing an experimental group to a preferred stimulus (32% sucrose) for successive days and change it to a less preferred one (4%). The effect implies a decrease in the consumption of the experimental group, below the response of a control that always received the lowest value stimulus. Objective: To study the motivational changes around the expected reward in a cSNC. Method: Male Wistar rats deprived of food at 81-85% of their weight were used. An experimental group had training with 32% and the intake of this solution was evaluated after experiencing a devaluation of the reward immediately before (4%). Results: An increase in intake was observed when the animals re-found 32% after a previous event of devaluation frustration. Non-emotional explanations were discarded such as sensory contrast or satiety differential at the time of the test. Discussion: In a cSNC there would be both a decrease in the motivational value of the devalued reinforcer (4%) and an increase in the value of the lost reward (32%).

In 1946, the first edition of the work “Introduction to experimental psychology” by researcher Walter Blumenfeld was published in Lima, Peru, celebrating 76 years since its appearance. His contribution stands out in Peru for being the initiator in introduce a scientific and experimental framework to psychology. For this reason, he has been honoured in numerous academic and biographical documents. However, the historical moment in which the text was published and its contemporary validity with national experimental research have been described to a lesser extent. To approach this gap, in this document, the emergence of his work, the contributions of its publication and a comparative analysis of the current Peruvian experimental production are briefly described.

The present study focuses on the use of quantitative recurrence analysis to analyse locomotor activity in woodlice as a function of the humidity level in the environment. Three subjects were exposed to four conditions in which the humidity level varied, from 32.9% to 94.9%. The movement of the animals in each humidity condition was videotaped. Using software for tracking insect trajectories (ID tracker) and algorithms programmed in R language, records, and representations of the displacement routes of woodlice were obtained as XY coordinates. The results showed differences in the level of activity, in terms of total distance travelled and in the variation of the displacement routes depending on the level of humidity, being the 50% humidity condition the one that controlled greater activity and greater regularity in the displacement patterns. Quantitative recurrence analyses, as well as corresponding recurrence plots, proved useful for the representation and analysis of activity in woodlice under different humidity level conditions.

Editors: Mark A. Krause, Karen L. Hollis, & Mauricio R. Papini Publisher: Cambridge University Press Place of publication: Cambridge, UK Year: 2022 Online ISBN: 9781108768450 https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108768450 Publisher details: Dr. Mark A. Krause is Professor of Psychology at Southern Oregon University. He has studied various psychological processes of learning in multiple animals, including birds, chimpanzees, and snakes. He worked as an associate editor at the Journal of Animal Behavior and Cognition. Dr. Karen. L. Hollis is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Mount Holyoke College. She stands out for her studies in multiple species integrating animal learning under an evolutionary perspective. She has worked as an editor for Animal Learning & Behavior, Journal of Comparative Psychology, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review and Behavioral Processes. Dr. Mauricio R. Papini is Professor of Psychology at Texas Christian University. He works on the comparative study of the associative and emotional modulation of behavior in different vertebrates. He is also an editor at the International Journal of Comparative Psychology.

The objective of this study was to compare the perception reported by women with children and professional aunts with no kids (PANKs) regarding the bond with their pets in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Two subsamples with the same characteristics of 204 women each were compared, one with children, and the other without children and with nephews. Variables related to activities and perceptions of the participants were studied. Chi Square tests and analysis of variance suggest that PANKs perceive higher levels of attachment and bonding with their pets than women with children.

Currently the development of new materials with potentialized properties is a challenge for the scientific community, particularly those that function as bactericides. The study of structures containing silver has increased in recent decades thanks to the synthesis of nanoparticles, which have various properties of interest, including bactericidal effects. We have sought to have materials that can contain silver in metallic or ionic form and with properties that allow them to act against various disease-causing organisms, such as bacteria. This work addresses the main results of a new type of hybrid materials called metal organic frameworks, or MOFs, that are formed by metal centers and organic ligands joined by coordination bonds. Additionally, the most important details of the use of silver in the construction of MOFs and its bactericidal effect will be explored, opening to the reader a panorama about the synthesis and characteristics of this new nanostructured materials.