Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Menopause is defined as the last menstrual period of a woman. However, the last menstruation is not as important as the period that covers the years before and after this occurs. Therefore, the present article begins by clarifying certain terms related to the stages before and after the end of the reproductive capacity of women. Subsequently, with the aim of providing evidence-based information and reducing negative stereotypes, the main symptoms —both physical and emotional— that have been associated with this period are presented, emphasizing the role of the attitudes towards menopause in the report of these symptoms. Finally, some psychosocial factors that influence how to experience this stage are discussed, emphasizing that it is a phenomenon that should be addressed from a multidisciplinary perspective.

Introduction. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an irreversible disease of both kidneys in which the body loses the ability to filter toxic substances from the blood. There are different treatment modalities for CKD, among which are peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. Hemodialysis is the therapy that is used most frequently worldwide. This is a highly complex and demanding treatment that can become very restrictive and involves profound changes in lifestyle. Objective. To determine the level of self-care that exists in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis in a Hospital of Second Level of Care in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.Methodology. A cross-sectional study was done using a descriptive approach. There were a total of 50 participants with a 3 month minimum stay in hemodialysis treatment in a Hospital of Second Level of Care in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. This study used the Scale Assessment of Self-care Agency (ASA by English Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale) as the measurement instrument.Results. 60% of the participants presented a low self-care capacity, 30% had an average capacity, while only 10% had high self-care capacity. This result was generated from the low score shown in the activity and rest category.Conclusion. Based on the results presented above, it is considered that the surveyed patients did not manage to cover the necessary measures to take adequate care, stating that they possess a poor self-care capacity.

This nursing research analyzes the updates in transformation, innovations and care which make an impact on the decision making based on scientific evidence. Objectives: To identify trends and characteristics of nursing researchers in Oaxaca, México. Methodology: The study is descriptive, retrospective and transverse. This research analyzed 1203 articles which were published in a ten-year period between 2005 and 2015. The analysis of the study included notes to the editor, original articles, nursing care processes and academic essays. Results: The research includes articles on medical or clinical topics within the state of Oaxaca, México. 69.23 % of these articles originated from educational institutions. The academic level of the research authors was comprised of 46.15% who had obtained a masters degree. The analyzed research contained 30.76% of descriptive methodology, 23.07% correlational methodology, 15.38% nursing care process, 23.7% notes to the editor and 7.69% of nursing essays. Conclusion: The situation that exists in Oaxaca, Mexico in relation to the researchers reflects a lack of professional function. These conditions provide the formation and promotion of human resources in health which are focused on the following research areas: The development of academic centers, financial support, links between different institutional sectors, and the opening of disciplinary post graduate courses.

The present essay consists of a theoretical revision of the insertion of the microenterprises to the models of competition. It is based on the idea that the microenterprise sector, although it cannot generate large movements of factors of production, has developed a variety of strategies in order to attract the attention of consumers, generating in it a sufficient market impact to include them in imperfect competition models. Another aspect considered is that the competitiveness of microenterprises in Mexico is affected by their internal organizational structure, which makes it difficult to conceptualize competition in this sector. In order to analyze the competitiveness of the microenterprise, it is included in a perfectly competitive market, mainly because of its inability to direct the market and simply be a price-taker. In addition to sharing, most of the characteristics place it within the competitive framework mentioned. Additionally, if we take into account that the product in this type of factory is produced in a personal and traditional way, it is feasible to assume that the finished product will depend on the process where each microenterprise exists, which may not necessarily be the same which is sufficient motive to remove it from the model of perfect competition (Chamberlin, 1933). Taking the characteristics of the monopolistic competition model, it is assumed that it allows identifying itself with microenterprise characteristics, mainly in the assumption that there are differences in the product, and even allows the possibility of operations outside the price to differentiate it. It is concluded that due to its dimensionality, as well as its own size characteristics, it is within the imperfect competition where the microenterprises should be located. In a deeper analysis it was found that most of these units would be located within the model of monopolistic competition giving him the possibility of exerting influence within the market where it is established.

Alitiasic cholecystitis is an infrequent surgical condition in the pediatric population. Approximately 2 to 15% of the cases are reported as a condition that is increasingly being diagnosed in critically ill patients. The most common described causes of the disease are of infectious origin, following those of traumatic origin, burns and dehydration respectively. In patients without known pathologies, this condition is rare. According to the pathophysiology, it is believed that it is generated by ischemia in nutritional vessels, causing inflammation and chronic bile stasis.The usual finding in imaging studies is a marked gallbladder which is distended with thick walls (> 3-4 mm) with or without pericolec- tistic fluid. For detection, clinical history, exploration, and use of cabinets and laboratories are recommended. Nevertheless, means of detection emphasize high sensitivity and specificity ultrasounds in addition to Computerized Axial Tomography (CT or CAT). Initial treatment is supported by hydration, analgesic and antibiotics and in light of inadequate response and depending on the patient’s condition, use of open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy is used.The reported mortality rate is 10-50% for alyssiatic cholecystitis compared to 1% for lithiasis cholecystitis.

The following written work is a case report of a group experience committed to the symbolic processing of situations of intolerance. The procedure was designated to an event group, as intolerance marks a moment of subjective crisis in the relationship and trust with others. We present testimonies that account for this historical turn in its discursive variants. Each experience of intolerance figures speaks on a condition of violence with its various meanings.

Head lice has become a social nightmare. It’s a parasitic disease whose presence dates back to ancient times. It ́s a public health problem which does not distinguish sex, age, race or socioeconomic status. In the scientific community, this parasitosis is called Pediculosis Capitis (PC).The objective of the present research project is to identify the punctual, accumulated and recurrent prevalence of pediculosis, as well as its distribution by age and sex in three public schools of the municipality of Zapopan, Jalisco, from both the morning and evening shift.A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among school children of both sexes of three schools of the municipality of Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. We used an auto applicable questionnaire “Pediculosis Capitis in school” from the 3rd grade. Students in 1stand 2nd grade were directly and personally interrogated, due to the difficulty that reading represents in these educational levels.Punctual prevalence was registered with the construction and validation of the instrument called “Pediculosis Capitis in school”. The sample consisted of 451 subjects, 238 boys and 213 girls. The punctual prevalence of pediculosis was 4.87% with a recurrence in nine subjects which is equivalent to 2% and a cumulative prevalence of the 53.55%, being most common in girls aged 7. Pediculosis is a current problem, that is out of control as a result of the characteristics that become resistant of this parasite.

Introduction: Academic stress affects students fundamentally in secondary school and higher education. There are many sources of stress in relation to school activities. Objective: To investigate the levels of academic stress in students at Universidad de la Sierra Sur. Method and material: The study is observational, transversal, prospective and comparative. This particular study measured the academic stress levels of 280 students studying a degree in Nursing and Nutrition. The participants responded to a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the SISCO inventory of academic stress. Results: No significant difference exists in levels of stress between students of Nursing and Nutrition; however, there is a greater percentage of Nursing students with moderate stress. The changing sociodemographic that is associated with stress level was the semester workload of majors, economics, an active sex life, and the mandatory library hour for the Nursing degree students. Other stressors were being over worked, evaluations by the teacher, understanding topics viewed in class and the time limit for homework. The symptoms with higher prevalence in both majors were nail biting and somnolence. For Nursing students, stressors included restlessness. The stress management strategy students used the most was to face their worries. Nutrition students searched for information, while nursing students created a plan.

Objective: To determine the association between academic stress amongst nursing students at the Universidad de la Sierra Sur (UNSIS) with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).Material and methods: A descriptive study and sectional cross correlation was designed to select student participants. The sampling method by strata and the simple random method were used independent of the age and the gender of the population. Obtaining the information was done with the help of the questionnaire “SISCO” for academic stress formulated by Arturo Barraza and the criteria of Roma III for IBS.Results: A sample of 213 students was obtained, 76% was female and the remaining 24%, male. 98% presented academic stress while, 2% did not. With the data obtained, it was found that the prevalence of IBS exposed to academic stress is 40.2% and the prevalence of IBS in students not exposed to stress is 10%. This indicates that the prevalence of IBS in students with academic stress is more significant than in those who do not have academic stress. For this sample, the result of “chi cuadrada” (X2) is p=0.155, this value is greater than α=0.05. Therefore it is determined that there was no association between academic stress and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

The research presented is a study on participation of women citizens in the municipality of San Andrés Paxtlán, Oaxaca. It should be mentioned that the majority of women only speak a variant of Zapotec language. The objective was to identify and analyze the obstacles faced by women citizens to participate in public places in the municipality of San Andrés Paxtlán during the period 2002-2010. In these places Spanish is the dominant language spoken. To identify the obstacles that women face semi-structured interviews were applied to the municipal authorities, key people and women who held community leadership roles. This study has shown that the electoral regime of customs and practices are governed by principles of reciprocity and collective public service for access to elected positions, and also collective legitimation mechanisms (community meetings). We also found that women’s participation is conditioned by the customs of the municipality. There is a division of community charges for men and women. Men hold the highest positions, while women take the lower positions. It also, found that for men there is a hierarchy structure, whereas for women it is not allowed for the simple fact that it is an unwritten rule set by ancestors. It is not feasible to break the law of the customs prevailing in the municipality of San Andrés Paxtlán. It should be added that this is not the only obstacle to women’s participation in public spaces among others are fear of public speaking, and selflessness.